scholarly journals Selection of an optimal method for screening the collection of narrow-leaved lupine held by the Vavilov Institute for the qualitative and quantitative composition of seed alkaloids

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 829-835
Author(s):  
A. V. Kushnareva ◽  
Т. V. Shelengа ◽  
I. N. Perchuk ◽  
G. P. Egorova ◽  
L. L. Malyshev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Alkaloid Content ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Vavilov Institute ◽  
Selection Of

Narrow-leaved lupine (Lupinus аngustifolius L.) is a widely cultivated leguminous forage and green manure crop with a potential for human nutrition. However, the presence of secondary metabolites – alkaloids – in lupine seeds considerably affects the quality of raw produce, reducing its nutritive value; in addition, high concentrations of alkaloids are toxic to humans and animals. Therefore, plant breeders working with lupine need to gain knowledge about the variability of alkaloid content in seeds of different genotypes and search for the sources of their low concentrations in the crop’s gene pool. The collection of narrow-leaved lupine genetic resources held by the N.I. Vavilov Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) offers wide opportunities for such search by means of mass screening. For its part, largescale gene pool screening requires the selection of an optimal technique to measure alkaloid content in seeds, so that it would be easily reproducible and as little labor-, time- and fund-consuming as possible. The results of the search for such method are presented. Qualitative and quantitative indices were compared when target compounds had been extracted with multicomponent mixtures and individual reagents (chloroform, methanol, etc.) and the extracts analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. High-performance liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry was also employed. Five major alkaloids were found to be present in all types of extracts: lupanine, 13-hydroxylupanine (dominant ones), angustifoline, sparteine, and isolupanine. The fullest extraction of alkaloids was observed when the extractant with an added alkaline agent was used (425 mg/100 g). The lowest level of extraction was registered with chloroform (216 mg/100 g). The significance of the differences was confirmed statistically.

scholarly journals Analysis of electrocautery generated smoke by chromatographic-mass spectrometry

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
JEFFERSON KALIL ◽  
FRANCISCO B. T. PESSINE ◽  
CARLOS H. V. FIDELIS ◽  
FABIO H. MENEZES ◽  
PAULO CESAR RODRIGUES PALMA
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Porcine Tissue ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Hyphenated Technique ◽  
Muscular Tissues ◽  
Chromatographic Mass ◽  
Liver Tissues

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the chemical components of the smoke from electrocautery from coagulating muscle and liver tissues of pigs. Methods: we collected smoke produced by electrocautery applied to porcine tissue in previously evacuated bottles, with qualitative and quantitative analysis of the compounds present through the hyphenated technique gas chromatography / mass spectrometry. Results: there was a majority of decanal aldehyde in the fumes from the subcutaneous, muscle and liver tissues. Fumes of subcutaneous and muscular tissues also showed the presence of hexanal and phenol. In the fumes of subcutaneous and liver tissues we also found toluene and limonene and, finally, nonanal smoke was present in the muscle and liver tissues. Conclusion: there is increasing evidence showing that smoke from electrocautery used in subcutaneous, muscle and liver tissue is harmful to human health. Thus, there is need to reduce exposure to it or wear masks with filters capable of retaining these particles.

Drawing up queries, forms and reports of the information system on plant genetic resources

2020 ◽  
pp. 93-100
Author(s):  
F.Kh. Abdullaev
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Plant Gene ◽  
Exchange Of Information ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Main Component ◽  
National Information ◽  
Research Institute

Aim. To develop the National Plant Gene Pool Information System for the effective exchange of information and targeted use of this information in different research programs as well as for cooperation with regional and international organizations on the basis of intellectual property rights. Results and Discussion. This study was aimed at solving a set of interrelated objectives to compile a computer database of characteristics of the Global Collection of Agricultural Genetic Resources. The platform for this database was harmonized and systematized crop descriptors, which are the main component of the National Information System. As a part of these studies, the PGR Documentation Unit at the National Genebank of the Research Institute of Plant Genetic Resources worked at constructing data queries for presentation in the Information System forms. The tool part of the CAC-DB information system, where one can generate any query at one’s discretion by selecting data using the Query tools, served as a basis for this work. Seventeen types of queries for general use and 4 types of report templates were designed. The National Information System on Plant Genetic Resources, which is being developed at the Research Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, will make it possible to increase the efficiency of its storage, documentation, management and use through the exchange of information and germplasm, and will ensure the transition of genetic and breeding studies to a new technological level, increasing its effectiveness. Conclusions. The developed National Information System is unique and selective. It will concentrate comprehensive information on the plant gene pool of the Republic, as it is specific for Central Asia and the Southern Caucasus, having no analogues in the world.

Chemical Composition and Biological Activity of Sapropel from the Lake Glubokoe (Tatarstan)

10.12737/5935 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Хадарцев ◽  
A. Khadartsev ◽  
Платонов ◽  
V. Platonov ◽  
Фридзон ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Bactericidal Effect ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
High Biological Activity ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Lake Glubokoe ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Close Genetic Relationship

Detailed information about qualitative and quantitative composition of individual components of the group sapropel from the lake Glubokoe (Tatarstan), as well as on the biological activity of different sapropel preparations were obtained by means of the methods Fourier spectroscopy, UV/Vis, NMR spectroscopy, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, preparative Thin-layer chro-matography (TLC) with witnesses, elemental and functional analysis. Sequential scheme of extraction, acid-alkaline hydrolysis, preparative TLC source of sapropel and individual components of organic matter was developed. Amino acids, sugars, carboxylic acids, alcohols, ketones, flavonida, n-, ISO - and cycloalkanes, vitamins, derivatives of phenol, naftalan, chlorophyll, carotenoids, quinones, anthocyanins, metalloporphyrins were identified. Most of them have close genetic relationship with the source material, which is involved in sapropel formation, having a high biological activity. Biological testing of different sapropel preparations using bacteria St. Aureus, E. Coli, C. Diphythriac gravis, the fungi of the Candida albicans type were made. Significant bactericidal effect of sapropel preparations was established and it is comparable to those for synthetic antibiotics type hydro-cortisone, prednisolone.

scholarly journals TRANSFORMATION OF THE COMPONENT STRUCTURE OF ESSENTIAL OIL AND VOLATILE ALLOCATION OF PLANTS UNDER THE IMPACT OF ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (11) ◽  
pp. 1228-1234
Author(s):  
Alla G. Malysheva ◽  
O. V. Shelepova ◽  
S. M. Yudin
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Volatile Fraction ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Component Structure ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. Much attention is paid to the production of green products of aromatic plants from local raw materials, as one of the priorities implemented under the program “The Concept of the State Policy in the Field of Healthy Nutrition of the Population of the Russian Federation for the Period until 2020”. For the year-round consumption of green mass of plants, there are used different technologies of cultivation. Specific growing conditions (short light day and low light) in the autumn-winter period of highly productive plants in our country are possible only with the use of additional sources of artificial light. Material and methods. Studies of the effect of different growing technologies on the component composition of essential oil and volatile plant excreta using the example of peppermint carried out by chromatography-mass spectrometry with analytical complex «Clarus 600M» by Perkin Elmer (USA) (flame ionization) and mass spectrometry detectors with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry system Focus GC DSQ II by Thermo Scientific (USA). Results. The use of new technologies for growing ether-bearing plants may cause a change in the qualitative and quantitative composition of the essential oil and volatile plant excretions. Because of re-lighting by narrow cavity light, there have been changes in the qualitative and quantitative composition of the essential oil and volatile mint emissions. The disappearance of sabinene, bourbonene, myrtenol, colamen found in control samples and the formation of cumene, 3-hexyl-2-methylbutyrate, germacrene, carvone, cubenol, a decrease in the content of the main components: menthol, menton, benzyl alcohol, sabinene, bourbonene; an increase in the content of methylacetate, isomentone, isomenthol, neomentilacetate. With combined lighting, a reduction from 43 to 31 compounds was established with a decrease in their total content in the composition of the volatile fraction. Conclusion. Terpene hydrocarbons are the most hygienically significant substances belonging to the group of easily transformed substances, and oxygen-containing compounds (aldehydes, ketones, phenols, furans, pyrans, ethers) identified in the group of toxic and dangerous chemicals

scholarly journals Quantitative Analysis by Gas Chromatography / Mass Spectrometry of Heroin Traded in Kuwait during 2016 – 2017, and Its Comparison with Results of Analyzing Heroin Traded during 2012 and Addicts Death Rate Statistics during 2011 – 2018

2020 ◽  
pp. 12-22
Author(s):  
N. A. Al-Abkal ◽  
E. Kh. Metwally ◽  
S. R. Alezzbawy ◽  
Kh. Y. Orabi ◽  
Sh. H. Alshammari
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Satisfactory Explanation ◽  
Heroin Addicts ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Quantitative Analyses

Aim: To compare the main and additive components of heroin trafficked in the Stateof Kuwait during 2012 with those components of heroin traded recently in the country during 2016 and 2017, and to provide a satisfactory explanation for the increase in deaths among heroin addicts during the period2011 -2018. Study Design: Selected samples of non-pure powder heroin seized in Kuwait during 2016 and 2017, with pure heroin and a set of10 pure different heroin component standards, all have been quantitatively analyzed in the Forensic Laboratories. Place and Duration of Study: All qualitative and quantitative analyses for 2016 and 2017 samples were conducted in the Forensic Laboratories of the General Department of Criminal Evidences – Ministry of Interior – State of Kuwait. Methodology: By using Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) to qualitative and quantitative analysis have been made on a total of hundred samples of non-pure powder heroin seized in Kuwait during the years 2016 and 2017, in addition to ten pure standards. Results: The concentration of the diacetylmorphine (active substance of heroin) in Kuwait during the year 2017 are much higher than the concentration during the year 2016. The additive substances (adulterants) for the years 2016 and 2017, are shared with the year 2012 by the component's paracetamol, caffeine and diazepam with different concentrations. But new adulterants in recent years are recorded in samples 2016 and 2017, including methamphetamine, dextromethorphan, and methylphenidate which is absent in 2016 samples. Conclusion: The concentration % of illicit heroin traded in Kuwait as diacetylmorphine has increase from 10% to 50% for year 2016, and further from 30% - 70% for year 2017, which marks identified a substantial rising in the purity of heroin. In addition, additive substances in the two years include paracetamol (acetaminophen), caffeine and diazepam, previously recorded in 2012. However, totally different new adulterates are recorded in 2016 and 2017 samples, including methamphetamine, dextromethorphan, and methylphenidate. All new three adulterates are detected in quite a few numbers of samples with methylphenidate recorded in a very low concentration of 0. 01 mg. Both new adulterates and higher purity of heroin constitute the main reasons for rising the rate of deaths between heroin addicts in recent years. Also, recent UN reports (12,18) provide evidence that the GC countries Afghanistan, Iran and Pakistan are still manufacturing and trading the above mentioned new adulterates.

Plant introduction as a priority direction of scientific and practical activity of the National Centre for Plant Genetic Resources of Ukraine

2019 ◽  
pp. 11-25
Author(s):  
V.K. Riabchun ◽  
N.V. Kuzmyshyna ◽  
R.L, Boguslavskyi ◽  
O.M. Bezuglaya ◽  
V.M. Bondarenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Plant Introduction ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Priority Direction

The aim of the article is to summarize the results of plant gene pool samples introduction into the National Plant Genebank from different countries and ecological and geographical zones for use in domestic breeding. Results and Discussion. In 2016 – 2018, 5984 samples were introduced to the Centre for Plant Genetic Resources of Ukraine using various information sources, including 2093 samples from Ukraine and 3891 from foreign countries. The greatest samples variety was attracted by cereals, leguminous, fodder, medicinal and essential oil, vegetable and melon crops, corn. Seeds of new forms having valuable properties are attached from research and breeding institutions of Ukraine. The samples of foreign origin were most actively introduced through cooperation with research institutions of Russia, Belarus, and Moldova. A significant number of samples came from genebanks in Europe: the Czech Republic, Italy, France, Germany, the Netherlands; Asia: Kazakhstan Turkey, Israel, China as well as from South (Mexico) and North America - USA, Canada. The ways of pre-adaptation and adaptation of samples from geographically remote regions for use in Ukraine are indicated. To collect local cultural and wild-growing samples of different crops, collecting missions were carried out in the central and southern regions of the forest-steppe and northeastern regions of Ukraine during which 1641 gene pool samples were collected. For the Red Book species of plants and species that are not listed in the Red Book of Ukraine but are rare or are threatened with extinction under natural conditions, a points have been identified for possible arrangement of in situ conservation reserves. A number of objects with a rich genetic diversity of fodder and medicinal plants have been identified, on which it is necessary to monitor coenoses and ensure in situ conservation. The introduced samples were transferred for use in research and breeding programs in Ukraine. Conclusions. The definition of a model of ecologically adapted in Ukraine genotypes of different crops that are carriers of valuable traits from countries with similar climatic conditions as well as from geographically remote regions, has made it possible to increase the efficiency of introduction and to more specifically search and attract to the National Genebank the plant samples with the necessary manifestation levels of economic and biological traits.

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