scholarly journals The Synodikon of Orthodoxy in Medieval Bulgaria

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 169-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna-Maria Totomanova
Keyword(s):  
16Th Century ◽  
Greek Text ◽  
Initial Part ◽  
The South ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
Romanian Academy ◽  
Historical Accounts ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The paper compares the content and the structure of the three extant South Slavonic Synodika: Boril’s Synodikon as preserved in the so-called Palauzov copy of the 14th century (НБКМ № 289); Drinov’s Synodikon (НБКМ № 432), previously considered to be a 16th century copy of Boril’s Synodikon, and the recently published South Slavonic Synodikon from the 16th century, kept in the library of the Romanian Academy of Sciences (BAR MS. SL. 307). The comparison is supported by a table showing the rubrics and their order in the three Synodika. It demonstrates that while Boril’s Synodikon is based on a translation of Comnenian version of the Synodikon of Orthodoxy, and while the South Slavonic Synodikon from Romania must be unequivocally attributed to the later Palaeologan version of the Greek text, the so-called Drinov copy represents a compilation of Boril’s Synodikon in its 14th version and the Palaeologan Synodikon. In fact, Drinov’s Synodikon contains all of the important interpolations and insertions of Boril’s Synodikon related to specifically Bulgarian circumstances and history, ranging from anti-Bogomilist anathemas to a list of Bulgarian rulers (comprising two historical accounts as well). Its initial part, however, follows the Palaelogan text preserved in BAR MS. SL. The unknown compiler obviously targeted a Bulgarian audience; in all likelihood, he was Bulgarian himself. Some textological features common to both Drinov’s and Palaelogan Synodikon suggest that the translated part of Drinov’s Synodikon and the Romanian Synodikon must have had a common antigraph. The latter fact allows us to conclude that the translation of the Palaeologan version of the Synodikon of Orthodoxy is an integral part of the tradition of the Bulgarian Synodikon; the presumed common antigraph was written in Bulgarian Tărnovo orthography, traces of which are found in Drinov’s text. As to the location of this translation, we can only speculate that it might have been completed in a monastic centre different than Tărnovo by the end of the 14th century.

scholarly journals The Serbian manuscripts of the lader of divine ascent of St. John Sinaites (14th c.)

2016 ◽  
pp. 19-36
Author(s):  
Popova Georgievna
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
National Library ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Ancient Manuscripts ◽  
Romanian Academy ◽  
State Library ◽  
Ancient Manuscript ◽  
The University ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The Ladder of Divine Ascent of St. John Sinaites has been very popular among the Slaves in the Middle Ages. From the 14th century 66 manuscripts were kept, 29 of them are Serbian. Not less than seven ancient manuscripts are kept in the National Library of Serbia (in the collections of the monasteries of Decani and Pec and in the New collection). Two manuscripts are kept in the library of the University of Belgrade, in the collection of manuscripts Lesnovo monastery. Five Serbian manuscripts of the Ladder are kept in the Russian National Library (St. Petersburg). Three ancient Serbian books of the Ladder are kept in Moscow, in the Russian State Library. Six ancient Serbian manuscripts of the Ladder are kept in the libraries of Mount Athos: four in the Hilandar monastery and two in the Zograf monastery. Four manuscripts of the Serbian Ladder are kept in Bucharest, in the Library of the Romanian Academy of Sciences. One ancient manuscript is kept in Macedonia, in the Ohrid National Museum. One Serbian book of the Ladder is kept in Paris, in the Slavic Fund of the French National Library. Of course, the former number of ancient Serbian manuscripts of the Ladder was much more than 29. The Serbian manuscripts preserved all ancient Slavonic translations of the Ladder: Preslav (in two versions), Tarnovo, Serbian (in two versions) and Athos. The author gives a description of each manuscript, names its location, dating and the related manuscripts. The Ladder as a book has many components. The basics of this book are the Life of St. John Sinaites and his message to John of Raif and 30 homilies. In the Slavic tradition we added a lot of new texts to this, not Greek but Slavic. One of these texts is the dictionary ?Tolkovanie recem?. According to our observations, this dictionary appeared in the Serbian book culture not later than the second half of the 14th century. The text of this dictionary began to appear separately from the Ladder very early as a part of the ascetic Sammelbands. An example is a Sammelband of the library of the Hilandar Monastery, number 455. The text of this dictionary is in the appendix of the article.

The Dionysian translation of the homilies about Lazarus and the rich man by st. John Chrysostom (Preliminary remarks)

Proglas ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahari Mishev ◽  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Greek Text ◽  
National Library ◽  
Manuscript Tradition ◽  
John Chrysostom ◽  
Romanian Academy ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The article gives a brief overview of some facts related to the personality and work of Dionysius the Divine. It summarizes the information about the Margarit collections of homilies by John Chrysostom, which have become famous in the Slavic manuscript tradition, and lays an emphasis on the most common corpus of 30 homilies preserved in Bulgarian, Serbian and Russian transcripts. It also provides a brief description of the subject matter and ideological orientation of the individual homilies and outlines some characteristic features of the writer‘s idiolect, related to the transmission of the original Greek text – mainly on a morphological, lexical and syntactic levels. The article also focuses on the various opinions of scholars as to whether the Dionysius mentioned in the postscript to the manuscript № 3/8 from the Library of NMRM; manuscript № 45, National Library of Serbia, Plevlja; manuscript. Slav. № 155, Library of the Romanian Academy of Sciences, is identical with the writer Dionysius from The Life of Theodosius Tarnovski by Patriarch Callistus. Some of the opinions cited in the article are opposing as to whether Margarit‘s translator Dionysius Divni is identical with Dionysius – the student of Theodosius Tarnovski. The purpose of the study is not to support one or the other opinion, but to examine individual elements of the writer‘s characteristic translation technique.

scholarly journals About the Origin of the First Slavic Translation of the Instructions by St. Dorotheus of Gaza

Slovene ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-100
Author(s):  
Tatiana I. Afanasyeva
Keyword(s):  
Russian Translation ◽  
Greek Text ◽  
Complete Elimination ◽  
The South ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
Old Russian ◽  
The Creation ◽  
State Library

In the article the first Slavic translation of the Instructions by St. Dorotheus of Gaza, which was preserved in two Russian manuscripts from the 14th century, is studied (Berlin State Library, Cod. Hamilton 381 and State Historical Museum, Moscow, Cod. Chud. 14). The investigation of the language in comparison with the second translation (according to the edition of K. Dimitrov) and the Greek text made it possible to distinguish a number of Russianisms and to suggest an idea of its Old Russian origin. This translation is closest to translations of the first group according to the A. Pichkhadze classification, namely, to his special sub-group: the Pandectes by Nikon of Montenegro and the Catecheses by St. Theodore the Studite. The translation contains a lot of mistakes, it is not understandable, and it does not always follow the word-for-word principle. The composition of the Instructions in the first and second translations is different: in the first translation there is an epilogue created by the disciples of St. Theodore the Studite, while the second translation does not include this. This suggests that the Greek original of the first translation was somehow connected with the Monastery of Stoudios in Constantinople. The creation of the South Slavonic translation in the middle of the 14th century led to the complete elimination of the early Old Russian translation.

All men and beasts, lions, eagles, quails… Anthropomorphic and Zoomorphic Representations of Nations and States in Slavic Сultural Discourse

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Empire ◽  
Imagined Communities ◽  
Cultural Discourse ◽  
Visual Images ◽  
Scientific Conference ◽  
Historical Evolution ◽  
The South ◽  
Russian Academy Of Sciences ◽  
History Of ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The book was compiled on the materials of the scientific conference “Anthropomorphic and zoomorphic representations of nations and states in the Slavic cultural discourse” (2019), held at the Institute of Slavic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow) and devoted to the history of the nations’ personifications and generalized ethnic images in period of “imagined communities” formation. This process is reconstructing on verbal and visual sources and by methods of various disciplines. The historical evolution of such zoomorphic incarnations of nations as an Eagle (in the Polish patriotic poetry of the first third of the 19th cent), a Falcon (in the South Slavic and Czech cultures in the 19th cent), a Griffin (during the formation of the Cassubian ethnocultural identity) is considered. The animalistic national representations in the Estonian caricature of the interwar twenty years of the 20th cent., so as the functioning of the Bear’s allegory as a symbol of Russia in modern Russian souvenir products are analyzed. The originality of zoomorphic symbolism in Polish and Soviet cultures is shown оn the examples of para- and metaheraldic images in XXth cent. The transformation of the verbal and visual images of “Mother Russia” personifications in Russian Empire was reconstructed. The evolution of various allegories of ethnic “Self” and “Others” is presented by caricatures of 19th – 20th cent. in Slovenian periodic and in Russian “Satyricon” journal (1914–1918).

Richard Lavenham and the Cambridge Logic

1980 ◽  
Vol 7 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 241-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Vincent Spade
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Logical Study

Summary This paper argues that the 14th-century Oxford Carmelite Richard Lavenham was the author of the treatise De syncategorematibus that was used as a textbook in 15th-century Cambridge, a version of which was printed several times in the late 15th and early 16th centuries in the Libellus sophistarum ad usum Cantabrigiensium. The manuscript versions of this treatise differ significantly from one another and from the printed editions, so that the claim of Lavenham’s authorship needs to be carefully considered. The evidence for this claim is described briefly. The identification of the De syncategorematibus in the Cambridge Libellus as Lavenham’s provides the first real indication that Lavenham, whose works testify to the influence of other authors on logico-linguistic studies in late 14th-century Oxford, was himself not without influence as late as the early 16th century. On the other hand, the De syncategorematibus is not a very competent treatise, so that its inclusion as a textbook in the Libellus sophistarum is an indication of the decline of the logical study of language in England during this period. A brief analysis of the contents of the treatise supports this observation.

Old Burmese weights were not opium weights. They were weights. What else do we know about them? | ရှေးဟောင်းမြန်မာ့အလေးများသည် ဘိန်းချိန်သည့်အလေးများမဟုတ်ပါ၊ အချနိ ်အတွယ်အလေးများသာ ဖြစ်သည်။ ယင်းတို့အကြောင်း ဘာတွေများ သိရပါသနည်း။

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bob Hudson ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Historical Data ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Historical Evidence ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
Weights And Measures ◽  
Facebook Pages

Bronze weights from Myanmar (old Burma) are popularly but incorrectly identified as “opium weights”. This paper examines the historical evidence for a system of weights and measures in old Burma going back to the 11th to 14th century Bagan period. It also examines the challenge to Southeast Asian archaeology, history and museology posed by the popular “Angel Weights” website and Facebook pages, which claim that a hoard of bronzes and associated documentation kept in a so-far undisclosed location represents a hitherto unknown collection of weights that date back to the Bagan and 14th to 16th century First Ava periods. This (so far) private curatorship of alleged historical data presents a dilemma: how does an academic deal with data that is available only on the internet, presented only from the viewpoint of its owners? မြန်မာပြည် (ယခင်ဗမာပြည်)မှ ကြေးရုပ်အလေးများကို လူသိများလှသော်လည်း ဘိန်းချိန် အလေးများဟူ၍ လွဲမှားစွာ ဖွင့်ဆိုလေ့ရှိသည်။ ယခုစာတမ်းမှာ အေဒီ(၁၁)ရာစုမှ (၁၄)ရာစု ရှေးခေတ် မြန်မာပြည် ပုဂံခေတ်ကာလတွင် သုံးစွဲခဲ့သော အလေးချိန်စနစ်တစ်ခုအတွက် သမိုင်းဆိုင်ရာ အထောက်အထားများကို လေ့လာရှာဖွေရန်ဖြစ်သည်။ အလားတူပင် အရှေ့တောင်အာရှ ရှေးဟောင်း သုတေသန၊ သမိုင်းနှင့် ပြတိုက်ဆိုင်ရာ ကြေးထည်ပစ္စည်းများနှင့် ဆက်စပ်အထောက်အထားများကို ယင်းတို့၏ မူရင်းနေရာ အတိအကျ မသိရှိဘဲ ပုဂံခေတ်မှ အေဒီ(၁၄_၁၆) ရာစု အင်းဝခေတ်တို့နှင့် သက်ဆိုင်သည့် ကြေးထည်ပစ္စည်းနှင့် အလေးများဟူ၍ “နတ်ရုပ်အလေးများ” ကွန်ယက်နှင့် ဖေ့စ်ဘုတ် လူမှုကွန်ယက်စာမျက်နှာများတွင် လူသိထင်ရှားဖော်ပြ ထားခြင်းတို့အပေါ် စောဒကတက်စရာရှိသည် များကို စစ်ဆေးလေ့လာသွားရန်လည်းဖြစ်သည်။ ဤသို့ (ဖော်ပြထားသည့်) ကိုယ်ပိုင်ပြသမှု များမှ သမိုင်းဆိုင်ရာ အချက်အလက် များကို လိုသလို သုံးစွဲနေမှုများသည်-“ပစ္စည်းပိုင်ရှင်တို့၏ အထင် အမြင်ဖြင့်သာ ဖော်ပြထားသည့် အင်တာနက် တွင်သာရနိုင်သော အချက်အလက်များနှင့် ပညာရပ်ဆိုင်ရာ လေ့လာမှုတို့မည်ကဲ့သို့ ဆက်စပ်နိုင်ကြ မည်နည်း”ဟူသော အကြပ်အတည်းတစ်ခုကိုလည်း ဖော်ပြ လျက်ရှိသည်။

De watervoorziening op de zandgronden

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-88
Author(s):  
BERT GROENEWOUDT
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Functional Differentiation ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
Local Topography ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Settlement Landscape

Water supply in the sandy dry lands (the Netherlands). Spatio-temporal developments Wells as water facilities were standard elements of the Dutch settlement landscape only since the Roman period. At the same time (drinking) water facilities became largely detached from the local topography. The position of a well within a settlement became determined by that of its associated house, and its position relative to the house became more or less fixed. This reflects the functional and social subdivision of the farmhouse into two distinct sections: ‘front’ and ‘back’. Communal water facilities (socially important as well) seem to have been associated with nucleated settlement, and they always existed alongside private facilities. Communal (public) wells first appeared in towns around the 13th or 14th century, but in rural areas probably not until the 16th century. In different periods there is evidence for the expression of social and functional differentiation.

scholarly journals PERANG BUBAT, REPRESENTASI SEJARAH ABAD 14 DAN RESEPSI SASTRANYA

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Yeni Mulyani Supriatin
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Historical Aspect ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
Literary Structure ◽  
The Will ◽  
The Difference

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengungkap peristiwa Perang Bubat yang terjadi pada abad ke-14 atau tahun 1357 M dan resepsi sastranya. Masalah yang dibahas adalah bagaimana latar belakang terjadinya Perang Bubat, reaksi, dan tanggapannya. Teori yang digunakan adalah resepsi sastra. Metode untuk pengumpulan data adalah kualitatif dengan menerapkan prinsip resepsi sastra. Hasil penelitian menggambarkan bahwa terjadinya Perang Bubat adalah Raja Sunda tidak tunduk pada kehendak Gajah Mada dan Gajah Mada ingin menyatukan Nusantara. Resepsi sastra terhadap Perang Bubat dapat dikelompokkan menjadi 3, yaitu resepsi dari aspek kesejarahannya, resepsi pengaruhnya terhadap penciptaan karya baru, dan resepsi terhadap struktur sastra.  Simpulan penelitian ini adalah peristiwa Bubat diresepsi setelah dua abad berlalu, yaitu pada abad ke-16  dan peristiwa tersebut diresepsi ulang pada abad ke-20-an. Hasil resepsi sastra  dari abad ke-18 sampai dengan abad ke-20 cukup beragam. Keberagaman resepsi itu menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan horizon harapan pembaca.  This study aims to reveal the events of the Bubat War that occurred in the 14th century or the year 1357 AD and literary receptions that emerged after the incident occurred. The issue discussed is how the background of the Bubat War and the reactions and responses to the event through literary receptions. The theory used in analyzing data is literary receptions. The method used for data collection is qualitative by applying the principle of literary receptions. The results of this study illustrate that the background of the Bubat War have two versions and both controversial, the first version because the King of Sunda entourage do not obey to the will of Gajah Mada, on the other hand, the second version is that Gajah Mada tactics in unifying the archipelago while the Kingdom of Sunda is a state that has not been submitted. Literary receptions to the War of Bubat can be grouped into three, they are the reception of its historical aspect, the reception of its influence on the creation of new works, and the reception of the literary structure. The conclusion of this research is  Bubat event was perceived after two centuries passed, in the 16th century and the event was redrawn in the 20th century. Results of literary receptions in the 18th century until the 20th century quite diverse. The diversity of the receptions shows the difference in the horizon of readers' expectations.    

scholarly journals Archaeological excavations in St Giles' Cathedral Edinburgh, 1981-93

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Collard ◽  
John Lawson ◽  
Nicholas Holmes ◽  
Derek Hall ◽  
George Haggarty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Church ◽  
Limited Evidence ◽  
The South ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
East End ◽  
Formed Part ◽  
The Church

The report describes the results of excavations in 1981, ahead of development within the South Choir Aisle of St Giles' Cathedral, and subsequent archaeological investigations within the kirk in the 1980s and 1990s. Three main phases of activity from the 12th to the mid-16th centuries were identified, with only limited evidence for the post-Reformation period. Fragmentary evidence of earlier structural remains was recorded below extensive landscaping of the natural steep slope, in the form of a substantial clay platform constructed for the 12th-century church. The remains of a substantial ditch in the upper surface of this platform are identified as the boundary ditch of the early ecclesiastical enclosure. A total of 113 in situ burials were excavated; the earliest of these formed part of the external graveyard around the early church. In the late 14th century the church was extended to the south and east over this graveyard, and further burials and structural evidence relating to the development of the kirk until the 16th century were excavated, including evidence for substantive reconstruction of the east end of the church in the mid-15th century. Evidence for medieval slat-bottomed coffins of pine and spruce was recovered, and two iron objects, which may be ferrules from pilgrims' staffs or batons, were found in 13th/14th-century burials.

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