scholarly journals The Reception of Maria Montessori’s Pedagogical Theory in Pre-School Education in Interwar Poland

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-124
Author(s):  
Joanna Sosnowska
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
School Education ◽  
European Countries ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Psychological Literature ◽  
Maria Montessori ◽  
Italian Physician ◽  
Educational Concept ◽  
Pedagogical Theory ◽  
New Education

The innovative tendency in pedagogy, called “new education”, which appeared in many European countries in the first half of the 20th century, aimed at reviving schooling, the conditions of education, and the process of learning; it also set a new role for the teacher and emphasized a new approach to the child. Maria Montessori (1870–1952), an Italian physician and educationalist, was one of the representatives of “new education”. Knowledge of the pedagogical theory developed by Montessori was spread in Poland through her books and the pedagogical-psychological literature of Polish educationalists, which referred to the Montessori educational concept. The purpose of this work is to present the reception of Montessori’s pedagogical theory in pre-school education in 1918–1939.

scholarly journals Nauczyciel dla nauczycieli i wychowawców. Michał Friedländer jako popularyzator wiedzy o wychowaniu w latach międzywojennych

2018 ◽  
pp. 133-149
Author(s):  
Iwona Michalska
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Schools ◽  
School Education ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Educational Project ◽  
Modern School ◽  
Jewish Society ◽  
New Education ◽  
Out Of School

Michał Friedländer (1894-1942/1943?), a doctor of law by education, left his profession very quickly after his studies in Vienna. At the beginning, he conducted intensive educational project in Borysław and then, having moved to Krakow, became a teacher of German and induction to philosophy in the Private Co-Educational Gymnasium of the Jewish Society of Elementary and Secondary Schools [Żydowskie Towarzystwo Szkoły Ludowej i Średniej]. At the same time, he started cooperating with Polish and Jewish pedagogical and social magazines, where he published works dedicated mainly to the didactics of teaching modern languages and the education of children and teenagers. He was also the author of separate volumes and brochures dedicated to those issues. He sometimes also wrote about co-education, reading of children and teenagers, past and modern school reformers, and schools opened abroad as a result of new tendencies in education. He published information on functioning of out-of-school education in various European countries and held radio lectures, organized by the Ministry of Education, on the main assumptions of “new pedagogy”. Although he did not create new theories, his greatest services consisted in propagating thoughts and solutions resulting from various “new education” tendencies. He was probably one of few people in those years who consistently introduced teachers and educators to foreign reformist pedagogical ideas.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC EXPERIENCE OF OUT-OF-SCHOOL EDUCATION DEVELOPMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (194) ◽  
pp. 134-139
Author(s):  
Larysa Kostenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
School Education ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Children And Youth ◽  
Education Development ◽  
National Education ◽  
Work Related ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Out Of School

In the article, on the backgroung of historical and pedagogical analysis, the author made an attempt to compare foreign and domestic experience in the development of out-of-school education. Much has been done by educators and the European society to unite young people and prepare them for life in the European community. This is confirmed by the fact that in October 1991 a pan-European union of institutions and organizations of leisure for children and youth (EAICY) was established, of which Ukraine became an associate member. The author draws attention to the development of out-of- school education in the Central European countries belonging to EAICY: Bulgaria, Poland, Slovakia, the Czech Republic, which have common features, as each of them belonged to the so-called socialist camp. Among the countries of Western Europe EAICY includes: Belgium, Germany, Spain, the Netherlands, Portugal, France, Denmark. Among Eastern European countries, EAICY includes Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Ukraine, Estonia and Kazakhstan. The history of appearence and development of the system of out-of-school education and upbringing in these countries has not only national but also common roots, as each of these countries in the past was part of the USSR. Thus, there are common trends in the development of out-of-school education in European countries and Ukraine: focusing on the needs of the individual in socialization, life skills, gaining new knowledge, acquiring practical skills according to one’s interests, meeting the needs of the individual in creative self-realization, organization of meaningful leisure; state regulation of the organization of leisure time for children and youth in education is carried out in those countries where out-of-school education is a component of national education systems, has a clearly defined structure and activities; systems of purposeful organization of free time of children and youth, despite the peculiarities of directions, methods of activity, variety of forms and structure, have much in common in the content of work, related to the purpose and social educational problems. Domestic experience in the development of out-of-school education has retained its uniqueness in world practice.

scholarly journals Sh. Murtazanyń «Tamuq» shyǵarmasyndaǵy Turar obrazy [The Image of Turar in the Work «Hell» by Sh. Murtaza]

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (117) ◽  
pp. 91-99
Author(s):  
Nýsýpova A.J. Sh. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Social World ◽  
Close Connection ◽  
Theoretical Knowledge ◽  
Work Of Art ◽  
New Approach ◽  
The Social ◽  
Literary Process ◽  
New Research

The article examines a work based on the fate of the historical personality of Turar Ryskulov, a complex and full of struggle. We are also talking about the artistic and creative sphere of the writer, the essence of worldview and theoretical knowledge, methods and principles of the analysis of a work of art. Using a new approach, an overview of the life and creative path of T. Ryskulov, who lived and worked in the 20th century in the social world of Kazakhstan, is made. The article reveals the artistic solution of the work «Tamuk» («Underworld») by the writer who introduced a new trend in Kazakh literature, including Kazakh prose, sh. Murtaza. In addition, the formation of a writer as a writer and his new research in this direction, thematic-ideological, stylistic-linguistic, genre characteristics are considered in close connection with the literary process. The work «Tamuk» extensively analyzes the worldview of T. Ryskulov, his deep thoughts. В статье рассматривается произведение, в основе которого лежит судьба исторической личности Турара Рыскулова, сложная и полная борьбы. Речь идет также о художественно-творческой сфере писателя, сущности мировоззрения и теоретических знаний, способах и принципах анализа художественного произведения. Используя новый подход, сделан обзор жизненного и творческого пути Т. Рыскулова, жившего и творившего в 20 веке в общественном мире Казахстана. В статье раскрывается художественное решение произведения «Тамук» («Преисподняя») писателя, внесшего новое направление в казахскую литературу, в том числе и в казахскую прозу, Ш. Муртазы. Кроме того, становление писателя как писателя и его новые исследования в этом направлении, тематико-идеологические, стилистико-лингвистические, жанровые характеристики рассматриваются в тесной связи с литературным процессом. В произведении «Тамук» подробно анализируется мировоззрение Т. Рыскулова, его глубокие мысли.

O potrzebie badań lokalnych pogranicza na przykładzie Babimojszczyzny w XX wieku

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 21-40
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Zielińska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Time Perspective ◽  
Social Memory ◽  
Historical Narratives ◽  
World War ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Real Effects ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
The Subject

The aim of the study is an attempt to refer to the historiography of a small microregion at the border of today's provinces: Lubuskie and Wielkopolskie, called "Babimojszczyzna". The time perspective relating to the events of World War I, Polish-German disputes, as well as the transformations in Poland and Germany after 1989 requires a new approach to historical narratives. The thesis of the article is the assumption that the hitherto historiography of this complex microregion in Polish-German relations in the first half of the 20th century did not develop new approaches. Another problem is the lack of real effects under the research models on the Polish and German narratives of the last thirty years. Their lack is particularly noticed in the context of the condition of social memory in the vicinity of Babimost, where only the tradition of the Polish Uprising 1918-1919 and the struggle for Polishness is cultivated, without a broader context. The discussed region can also be an interesting example for other similar historical areas, which, like all borderlands, were the subject of natural osmosis rather than their contact.

scholarly journals Measuring income inequalities beyond the Gini coefficient

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 561-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikuláš Luptáčik ◽  
Eduard Nežinský
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
Gini Coefficient ◽  
Gini Index ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Poverty Index ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Income Groups ◽  
Head Count ◽  
Weights Restrictions

AbstractGrowing interest in the analysis of interrelationships between income distribution and economic growth has recently stimulated new theoretical and empirical research. Measures such as the head-count ratio for the poverty index or the widely used Gini coefficient are aggregated indicators describing the general extent of inequality without deeper insights into income distribution among households. To derive an indicator accounting for income distribution among income groups, we propose a new approach based on an output oriented DEA model where the input value is unitized to 1 for each country and weights restrictions imposed so as to favour a higher income share in the lower quantiles. We demonstrate the merits of this approach on the quintile income breakdown data of 29 European countries. Prioritizing lower income groups’ welfare, countries such as Slovenia and Slovakia can be equally favoured by the new proposed indicator while being assessed differently by the Gini index. An intertemporal analysis reveals a slight deterioration of income distribution in the majority of 29 European countries over the period of 2007–2016 in a Rawlsian sense.

From the Professional Competence of Teachers to Competent Parenting

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
Е. Орехова ◽  
E. Orehova ◽  
И. Данилова ◽  
I. Danilova
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Lifelong Learning ◽  
Professional Competence ◽  
Educational Practice ◽  
School Education ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Full Development ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Competence Models

The article considers the directions of the modern European professional pedagogical education, focused on improving its quality in order to ensure the full development of children at the initial stage of education. The conceptual provisions of professional competence of teachers in the field of preschool and primary school education are indicated. The components of the teacher’s professional competence models are described, which are developed on the basis of the European Qualifications Framework (EQF) and take into account the competence approach implemented in the educational practice of European countries. Particular attention is paid to the development of competency parenting in the implementation of the concept of “Lifelong learning”. The main scientific judgments about modern parenthood, which determine the models of family and school interaction existing abroad, are summarized.

scholarly journals ARTICLE - HEBERTIST PALESTRA: PHYSICAL EDUCATION FOR WOMEN, LEISURE AND NATURAL LIFESTYLE

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
PIERRE PHILIPPE-MEDEN
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Radical Change ◽  
Training Centre ◽  
Combined Training ◽  
Maria Montessori ◽  
Innovative Pedagogy ◽  
New Education ◽  
Physical Capacities ◽  
Natural Method

ABSTRACT: Education and leisure are at times considered contradictory, at times complementary concepts. Pedagogues who pioneered new education methods in Europe in the 1920s and 1930s, such as Maria Montessori or Célestin Freinet, embraced the two. This is also the case for the Palestra, a training centre created in 1918 by the French naval commander Georges Hébert (1875-1957) (DELAPLACE, 2005; PHILIPPE-MEDEN, 2015). The Palestra is considered the “flagship” of what was called “Méthode naturelle d’éducation physique, virile et morale”, a natural method that combined training of physical capacities, courage and morality (HÉBERT, 1941), developed by Georges Hébert between 1903 and 1904 at the battalion of marine fusiliers of Lorient. This method was the reference for ministerial directions on physical education in France in 1923, 1941 and in 1959 (TENÈZE, PACQUELIN, ANDRIEU, 2018). However, as the Palestra was situated among mundane holiday resorts on the coast in Normandy, which was dotted with casinos and theaters, this institution for the Hebertist natural method has hardly been studied (PHILIPPE-MEDEN, 2014), which may lead to approximation issues and misunderstandings. Based on a descriptive analysis of the Palestra, we will show how a holistic, innovative pedagogy was developed combining physical education, leisure and a natural lifestyle and how it will contribute to a radical change not only in body exercise techniques for women, but also the imagery of women between the two world wars in France.

scholarly journals The symphonic music of the national schools in 20th century Europe in the repertoire of the Philharmonic of Cluj (1955-1989). Creative perspectives of C. Silvestri’s Chants Nostalgiques op. 27 no. 1

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-152
Author(s):  
Simona Spiridon
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
National Cultures ◽  
Symphonic Music ◽  
Phd Thesis

The present work focuses on the national cultures of the early 20th century in several European countries, such as Czechoslovakia, Poland, Hungary, Spain, Russia and Romania. Since my PhD thesis analyses the evolution of the Philharmonic “Transilvania”of Cluj between 1955-1989, there will be a thorough statistic of the concerts which were held during that period in which the orchestra performed musical pieces of the composers mentioned in this essay. For some concerts, there will also be stated the date when the concert took place, as well as the conductor who was invited to Cluj. There will also be an analysis of a piano work of the Romanian composer Constantin Silvestri (Chants Nostalgiques op. 27 no. 1) which I personally played a few years ago. The study will contain a musical bibliography, as well as several footnotes stating the documents found in the archives of the Philharmonic of Cluj.

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