scholarly journals Comparative Growth Rate of Cyanobacteria from “Usar” Soil (saline/alkaline soils) with Respect to Pigments

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 129-135
Author(s):  
Vivek Kumar Yadav ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Green Algae ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Alkaline Soils ◽  
Blue Green Algae ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Anabaena Sp ◽  
Extraction Solvents ◽  
Pigment Variation ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Saline Alkaline Soils

The pigment content in Blue-green algae is a specific feature of each species. The pigment variation is specific features among microalgae. The paper aim to analyze cyanobacterial extracts of different Usar soil of Azamgarh and Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh. The main object here is the importance of the blue green algae especially because of the pigments present in this class of algae. Pigments from natural sources are gaining more importance mainly due to health and environmental issues. Algae contain a wide range of pigments. Three major classes of pigments are chlorophylls, carotenoids (carotenes and xanthophylls) and phycobilins (Phycocyanin and phycoerythrin). Our present study investigates the efficiency for phycobiliprotein pigment production from four different cyanobacteria Hapalosiphon sp., Phormidium sp., Anabaena sp. and Nostoc sp. The harvested and dried biomass was subjected to extract pigments using different solvents. Thin Layer Chromatography was performed from extracted pigments using Acetone as extraction solvents. And running solvent especially for phycocyanin pigment was optimized and concluded that Petroleum ether and Acetone in the ratio of 7:3. This paper presents the information about the natural pigments of cyanobacteria and how they can be extracted and identified using different procedures and spectrophotometry. It emphasizes that the principal algal pigments are Phycobilins, Chlorophylls and Carotenoids.

scholarly journals Drinking Water Supply under the Conditions of Mass Development of Blue-green Algae in Reservoirs.

2021 ◽  
pp. 121-134
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Green Algae ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Surface Source ◽  
Blue Green Algae ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Mass Development

An assessment of the pollution of a surface source of water supply (the Kuibyshev reservoir) with metabolites of cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) under conditions of an increase in biogenic load is carried out. During the period of mass development of cyanobacteria, the quality of water in the reservoir deteriorates in terms of a number of indicators, including smell, taste, and content of organic and toxic substances. Among the wide range of cyanoxins, the greatest danger to the population is microcystin-LR, the concentration of which in drinking water should not exceed 1 μg/dm3. The growth of anthropogenic load and global warming of the climate create favorable conditions for the rapid development of cyanobacteria, therefore, the problem of providing the population with high-quality drinking water will only worsen in the future. Traditional methods used at drinking water treatment plants in Volga cities are ineffective in removing intracellular and extracellular cyanotoxins. The best and safest barrier against the ingress of cyanotoxins into drinking water can be membrane technologies that allow ultrafiltration of bacterial cells without mechanical damage and nanofiltration of cyanotoxins dissolved in water.

scholarly journals Microalgae: New Source of Plant Biostimulants

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Colla ◽  
Youssef Rouphael
Keyword(s):  
Green Algae ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Blue Green Algae ◽  
Agronomic Crops ◽  
Nutrient Use ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Innovative Products

Biostimulant manufacturers have developed innovative products targeting specific agronomic needs, hence attracting the attention of the scientific community, extension specialists, and industry stakeholders including policymakers and crop producers. Microalgae acquire a broad economic value in the production of nutrient dense food and supplementary diet produce, in addition to their high importance in biofuel production and wastewater bioremediation. Recently, microalgae, which comprise blue-green algae (eukaryotic and prokaryotic cyanobacteria), have gained prominence as biostimulant products due to their potential to increase germination, seedling growth, plant growth, productivity, nutrient use efficiency, as well as tolerance to a wide range of abiotic stresses (salinity, drought, sub- and supra-optimal temperatures, and heavy metals contamination). Although it is well established that green and blue-green algae produce several bioactive and signaling molecules active on horticultural and agronomic crops, their targeted applications in plant science are still in their infancy stage. The aim of this editorial paper is to provide an updated overview of this far-reaching new category of plant biostimulants and the possible physiological and molecular mechanisms behind the biostimulatory action based on the recent scientific literature. Finally, this editorial paper identifies the main bottlenecks that hamper market introduction and farmers from reaping the full benefit of microalgae-based biostimulants; it also pinpoints the future relevant areas of microalgae research to enhance the biostimulant action of microalgal extracts in agriculture.

Structural Variations of Polyphosphate Bodies in Blue-Green Algae

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 218-219
Author(s):  
Linda M. Sicko
Keyword(s):  
Green Algae ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Structural Variations ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Blue Green Algae ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Polyphosphate Bodies

Polyphosphate appears to be a ubiquitous component of all microorganisms. Electron microscopic examination of blue-green algae reveals bodies which are usually spherical, and have a wide range of electron densities. From work conducted in our laboratory, it appears that the image of the polyphosphate bodies varies with the culture conditions as well as the stage of development under constant culture conditions. The following report describes the various images one can observe.For most experiments, the blue-green algae were fixed by the method of Pankratz and Bowen. The algae were pelleted, the culture media poured off, and the pellet was resuspended in 1% OsO4 buffered at pH 6.2 for 3 hours at room temperature.

scholarly journals Cyanobacteria modulated changes and its impact on bioremediation of saline-alkaline soils

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 653-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Venus Singh ◽  
DV Singh
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Alkaline Soils ◽  
Suitable Combination ◽  
Nostoc Calcicola ◽  
Eastern Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Saline Alkaline Soils ◽  
Halotolerant Cyanobacteria ◽  
Changes In Soil Properties

Saline-alkaline (Usar) soils have high pH and undesirable salts on their surface. A halotolerant, heterocystous and nitrogen fixing cyanobacterium Nostoc calcicola Breb. BREB grow successfully on salinealkaline soils of Eastern Uttar Pradesh. Soil pot experimentation has been conducted in laboratory condition to study the reclamation of saline-alkaline soils collected from investigated site. Both sterilized and natural soils were taken in earthen pots to observe the changes in soil properties inoculated with cyanobacteria and gypsum. In such treated soils significant decrease in pH, ECe and Na+ have been observed with cyanobacterial application. There also occurs a significant increase in organic carbon. Experimental reclamation of such soils has been found with cyanobacteria with or without gypsum. N. calcicola + gypsum seem to be a suitable combination for reclamation of saline-alkaline soils. This study highlights that a biological amendment with halotolerant cyanobacteria and gypsum in combination shows better option for bioremediation of saline-alkaline (Usar soils).

scholarly journals The activity of deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase in some species of algae

1972 ◽  
Vol 129 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Th. Schönherr ◽  
H. M. Keir
Keyword(s):  
Dna Polymerase ◽  
Green Algae ◽  
Dna Polymerases ◽  
Deae Cellulose ◽  
Chlorella Pyrenoidosa ◽  
Nuclease Activity ◽  
Polymerase Activity ◽  
Ph Optimum ◽  
Blue Green Algae ◽  
Wide Range

1. The activities of DNA polymerase preparations from the algae Euglena gracilis, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Chlorella pyrenoidosa, Anabaena variabilis and Anacystis nidulans were measured. The blue–green algae Anabaena and Anacystis contain a 5–20-fold higher activity of the enzyme than do the green algae. DNA polymerases from the blue–green algae show a pH optimum of 9 and prefer a relatively low Mg2+concentration (1–3mm). DNA polymerases from the green algae, however, display a pH optimum between 7.5 and 8.5 and an optimum Mg2+concentration of 8mm. With all algae, a higher polymerase activity was obtained with denatured salmon sperm DNA as template than with native DNA. All four deoxyribonucleoside 5′-triphosphates must be present for full activity of the polymerases. 2. With one exception, the deoxyribonuclease activities in the preparations, measured under conditions of the DNA polymerase assay, are low compared with corresponding preparations from Escherichia coli. Chlamydomonas extracts contain a high deoxyribonuclease activity. 3. After purification on columns of DEAE-cellulose, the polymerase activity was linear over a wide range of protein concentrations, except for Chlamydomonas preparations, where the observed deviation from linearity was probably attributable to the high nuclease activity. 4. DNA polymerases from all these algae bind strongly to DNA–cellulose; 6–40-fold purifications of the enzyme were obtained by chromatography on columns of DNA–cellulose. 5. The partially purified polymerases of Euglena and Anacystis are heat-labile but become much more heat-stable when tested in the presence of DNA.

scholarly journals Impact of water quality on the phytoplankton abundance of Paniyala fish pond in Roorkee, District Haridwar, Uttarakhand

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 29-32
Author(s):  
D.R. Khanna ◽  
Rajni Rana ◽  
Fouzia Ishaq
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Green Algae ◽  
Fish Fauna ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Fish Pond ◽  
Phytoplankton Abundance ◽  
Temperature Conductivity ◽  
Blue Green Algae ◽  
Wide Range

The phytoplankton shows an ability to tolerate a wide range of environmental conditions. Under natural condition, they usually grow in the mixed community which may include many species and genera. The phytoplankton abundance and their impact on the water quality were studied in Paniyala fish pond, located in Roorkee Uttarakhand. Samples were collected monthly from March 2007 to February 2008 at four stations early in the morning. Physico-chemical parameters like temperature, conductivity, turbidity, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand (BOD), total alkalinity and chloride were measured simultaneously. Monthly variations were quite evident and showed maximum phytoplankton abundance in the month of January (3631.75 Unit/l). Three divisions of phytoplankton were found which include diatoms, green algae and blue green algae. The greatest number of individuals was reported in diatoms (1610.0±909.97 Unit/l) followed by green algae (178.29±109.02 Unit/l) and blue green algae (38.42±24.13 Unit/l). Effects of eutrophication were evident from this study with increased biomass of phytoplankton and water quality was deteriorated to some extent resulting in threat to fish fauna in it.

The Ecology and Control of Perennial Pepperweed (Lepidium latifoliumL.)

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 402-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Young ◽  
Debra E. Palmquist ◽  
Robert R. Blank
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Alkaline Soils ◽  
Hay Meadows ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Permanent Reduction ◽  
And Control ◽  
Saline Alkaline Soils

Field experiments were conducted for the control of perennial pepperweed with tillage and herbicides. Perennial pepperweed infests a wide range of soils and plant communities. These studies were conducted in native hay meadows, with wild-flooding irrigation and saline/alkaline soils. Such meadows are typical of livestock ranches throughout the Intermountain Area. Tillage with periodic disking over a 2-yr period resulted in no permanent reduction in perennial pepperweed cover. Applications of 2,4-D or glyphosate eliminated perennial pepperweed seed production and greatly reduced top growth but had no permanent influence on cover of the weed by the second season following application. Applications of chlorsulfuron in the spring at flowering, in late summer after hay harvesting, or in the autumn, were effective in suppressing perennial pepperweed for 2 yr or more following application.

Freeze-Fracture Replication in the Ultrastructure of Blue-Green Algae

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 74-75
Author(s):  
L. V. Leak
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Green Algae ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Photosynthetic Membranes ◽  
Blue Green Algae ◽  
Cell Biol ◽  
Cellular Components

Electron microscopic observations of freeze-fracture replicas of Anabaena cells obtained by the procedures described by Bullivant and Ames (J. Cell Biol., 1966) indicate that the frozen cells are fractured in many different planes. This fracturing or cleaving along various planes allows one to gain a three dimensional relation of the cellular components as a result of such a manipulation. When replicas that are obtained by the freeze-fracture method are observed in the electron microscope, cross fractures of the cell wall and membranes that comprise the photosynthetic lamellae are apparent as demonstrated in Figures 1 & 2.A large portion of the Anabaena cell is composed of undulating layers of cytoplasm that are bounded by unit membranes that comprise the photosynthetic membranes. The adjoining layers of cytoplasm are closely apposed to each other to form the photosynthetic lamellae. Occassionally the adjacent layers of cytoplasm are separated by an interspace that may vary in widths of up to several 100 mu to form intralamellar vesicles.

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