Epidemiology and Seasonal Variation of Ixodid Ticks in Dairy Cattle of Gangetic Plains of Uttar Pradesh, India

Background: The Gangetic plain of Uttar Pradesh is fertile land inhabited by second highest cattle population in India. A study was undertaken from May 2016 to March 2018 on the distribution and abundance of ticks in cattle. Methods: Data was collected from 3 organized farms, 5 Gaushalas and from local farmers. Studied animals were divided into three categories indigenous breeds (n=450), exotic (n=60) and crosses of exotic and local breeds (n=140). The prevalence of tick infestation was studied in the host cattle in the different seasons. Result: Total eight species of ticks were identified. Among the Ixodid ticks, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus was the predominant species (85.28 %) in all seasons. Significantly (p less than 0.05) higher prevalence was recorded in monsoon season as compared to other seasons. Animals aged 1 year of age (50.87%). Sex-wise, the males had higher infestation rate than the females. In the villages, Gaushalas and in unorganized dairy farms tick infestation prevalence was (45%) as compared to minimal prevalence 4% recorded from organized sector. Infestation in exotic cattle was high in fields as compared to crossbred and indigenous cattle breed. Most of the animals under farm management system were infected with single tick species. While multi species tick infestation was observed in the fields. This could be due to the management practices and timely tick treatment adopted by farms.

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Epidemiology and seasonal variation of Ixodid ticks in dairy cattle of Gangetic plains of Uttar Pradesh, India

Bhartiya Krishi Anusandhan Patrika ◽

10.18805/bkap126 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 33 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Karan Veer Singh ◽

Mehar Singh ◽

Awanish Kumar ◽

Manishi Mukesh

Keyword(s):

Management Practices ◽

Tick Infestation ◽

Uttar Pradesh ◽

Cattle Breed ◽

Ixodid Ticks ◽

Indigenous Cattle ◽

Gangetic Plain ◽

Gangetic Plains ◽

Different Seasons ◽

Local Farmers

The Gangetic plain of Uttar Pradesh is fertile land inhabited by second highest cattle population in India. A study was undertaken from May 2016 to March 2018 on the distribution and abundance of ticks in cattle. Data were collected from 3 organized farms, 5 Gaushalas and from local farmers. Studied animals were divided into three categories indigenous breeds (n=450), exotic (n=60) and crosses of exotic and local breeds (n=140). The prevalence of tick infestation was studied in the host cattle in the different seasons. Total eight species of ticks were identified. In the villages, Gaushalas and in unorganized dairy farms tick infestation prevalence was (45%) as compared to minimal prevalence 4% recorded from organized sector. Infestation in exotic cattle was high in fields as compared to crossbred and indigenous cattle breed. Most of the animals under farm management system were infected with single tick species. While multi species tick infestation was observed in the fields. This could be due to the management practices and timely tick treatment adopted by farms.

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Characterization of Gangatiri cattle breed inGangatic plains of Eastern Uttar Pradesh

Indian Journal of Animal Research ◽

10.18805/ijar.11328 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Basant Kumar Bhinchhar ◽

Vinod Kumar Paswan ◽

SPACE Saroj ◽

Satya Prakash Yadav ◽

Prity Singh

Keyword(s):

Research Work ◽

Uttar Pradesh ◽

Cattle Breed ◽

The Other ◽

Indigenous Cattle ◽

Dual Purpose ◽

Characteristic Features ◽

Eastern Uttar Pradesh ◽

Bihar State

The present research work for characterization of Gangatiri cattle was conducted on a herd maintained at Mirzapur district of Uttar Pardesh. This dual-purpose indigenous cattle breed is found mainly in Varanasi, Chandauli, Ghazipur and Ballia distric of eastern Utter Pradesh and adjacent areas of Bihar state of India., Medium sized dewlap, small brisket, sharp and smooth shoulder with medium legs was present in most of the animals. Medium sized bowl shaped udder with cylindrical shaped medium sized teats and prominent, crooked and branched milk veins were the other characteristic features of the herd. The overall least squares’ means for Ischium width of Rump (ISWR), Top line (TPL), Udder length (UL), Udder diameter (UD), Teat length (TtL), Udder circumference (UC), Distance between fore to fore (DFF) and rear to rear teats (DRR) were 20.79±0.57, 144.64±1.67, 26.17±1.21, 11.03±1.40, 5.33±0.31, 68.84±3.89, 6.03±0.50 and 4.93±0.21 cm, respectively.

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Risk factors associated prevalence of hard tick in large ruminants of coastal areas of South Gujarat, India

Indian Journal of Animal Research ◽

10.18805/ijar.b-3683 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Dharmesh C. Patel ◽

Jayesh B. Solanki ◽

Niranjan Kumar

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Body Condition ◽

Prevalence Rate ◽

Tick Infestation ◽

Boophilus Microplus ◽

Hard Tick ◽

Indigenous Cattle ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Group Feeding ◽

Large Animals

A total of 2617 large animals (1682 cattle and 935 buffaloes) of coastal districts (Bharuch, Surat, Navsari and Valsad) of South Gujarat were screened for tick infestation. The tick’s prevalence rate was (p less than 0.05) significantly higher in cross-breed (44.81%) as compared to indigenous cattle (22.93%)/ buffaloes (32.26%). Prevalence of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, Hyalomma spp., Haemaphysalis spp. and mixed tick infestation was 57.80, 13.05, 20.32 and 8.83%, respectively. Infestation rate in large animals of less than 3 years had increased up to the level of 78.28%. Animals with poor body condition/ anaemia, kept in loose house (80.53%) and allowed group feeding (70.56%) had noted higher (p less than 0.05) prevalence rate of tick. Prevalence was highest in summer (41.84%) followed by rainy (40.65%) and winter (17.50%) season. It is quite demanding to know the area-wise prevalence of the hard ticks infecting animals.

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Prevalence of Ixodid Ticks in Cattle Population of Indore, Madhya Pradesh

THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY SCIENCES AND BIOTECHNOLOGY ◽

10.21887/ijvsbt.v12i2.3740 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

Author(s):

A. K. Jayraw ◽

U. K. Mandloi ◽

M. Haque ◽

N. Jamra

Keyword(s):

Tick Infestation ◽

Age Groups ◽

Madhya Pradesh ◽

Boophilus Microplus ◽

Ixodid Ticks ◽

Survey Study ◽

Cattle Population ◽

Hyalomma Anatolicum Anatolicum ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Mixed Infestation

A survey study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of ixodid ticks in cattle population of Indore, Madhya Pradesh. Every month, ticks were collected from 9511 cattle belonging to randomly selected 5 villages of each tehsil, viz. Indore, Mhow, Depalpur, Sanwer and Hatod. The current study revealed an overall tick prevalence of 58.87% with significantly high prevalence of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (42.89%) than Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum (11.82%) and mixed infestation (4.16%). Season-wise, significantly high prevalence was recorded in monsoon (71.08%) than summer (62.28%) and winter (52.12%). Amongst the various age groups, significantly high tick infestation was encountered in 1-3 year-old (78.63%) than >3 year-old (56.79%) and is less than 1 year-old cattle (52.92%). Sex-wise, significantly high tick infestation was documented in males (66.01%) than their female (58.06%) counterparts. Tehsil-wise, significantly high prevalence was evident in Mhow tehsil (69.12%) as compared to Indore (61.40%), Depalpur (57.27%), Sanwer (55.28%) and Hatod (50.14%) tehsils.

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The implications of herd entrustment practice for the sustainable use of cattle genetic resources in the (agro)-pastoral systems of West Africa: A case study from Benin

Pastoralism Research Policy and Practice ◽

10.1186/s13570-020-00189-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sèyi Fridaïus Ulrich Vanvanhossou ◽

Ivan Bossima Koura ◽

Luc Hippolyte Dossa

Keyword(s):

Management Practices ◽

Sustainable Use ◽

Cattle Breed ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Good Alternative ◽

West African ◽

Effective Population ◽

Pastoral Systems ◽

Indigenous Cattle ◽

Cattle Herds

AbstractWest African (agro)-pastoralists have been increasingly using extra-household labour for the management of their cattle herds. This paper seeks to identify the factors influencing cattle owners’ decision to entrust their animals and to analyse the effects of the entrustment practice on the management and sustainable use of the animal genetic diversity within herds. Two hundred and eleven cattle farmers, including absentee-owners (n = 90) who entrusted their animals to professional herders, and owner-managers (n = 121) who look themselves after their cattle, were randomly selected and surveyed in Boukombe district in northwest Benin, the origin of the West African shorthorn Somba cattle breed. Households' socio-economic data and information on herds’ characteristics and management practices were collected using semi-structured questionnaires. The binary logistic regression technique was used to predict the adoption of entrustment by a given farmer in function of his herd’s and household's socio-economic characteristics. Effective population sizes and inbreeding rates for the communal non-entrusted and entrusted Somba populations were estimated and compared. The results revealed that the mode of acquisition of the initial stock, the total livestock units owned and the farmer’s ethnicity were the most important determinants of entrustment. The Somba indigenous cattle breed was threatened in entrusted herds by indiscriminate cross-breeding with Zebus. However, the non-entrusted population appeared to be more exposed to high inbreeding risks. While entrustment represents a good alternative for the efficient use of family labour, adequate strategies are needed to support this practice and encourage herd managers to adopt improved husbandry practices and sound breeding strategies.

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Prevalence of Tick Infestation in Different Breeds of Cattle in Maiduguri, Northeastern Nigeria

Bangladesh Journal of Veterinary Medicine ◽

10.3329/bjvm.v12i2.21279 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 161-166 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

HI Musa ◽

SM Jajere ◽

NB Adamu ◽

NN Atsanda ◽

JR Lawal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tick Infestation ◽

Control Strategies ◽

External Genitalia ◽

Amblyomma Variegatum ◽

Boophilus Microplus ◽

The Body ◽

Survey Study ◽

Cattle Production ◽

Indigenous Cattle ◽

High Prevalence

A survey study was conducted from June to December 2009 using standard parasitological procedures to determine the prevalence of tick infestation among cattle of different breeds in Maiduguri, Northeastern Nigeria. The tick species identified were Boophilus microplus, Amblyomma variegatum, Hyalomma spp., Rhipicephalus sanguineous and Ornithodorus spp. Of the 205 cattle examined, 63.4% (95% CI: 56.8 70.0) were tick infested. Males had a non significantly (P > 0.05) higher infestation rate of 63.4% (56.7 71.7) compared with the females 60.9% (46.8 75.0). Younger animals aged ? 3 years had a significantly (P < 0.05) higher prevalence of 85.4% (74.6 96.2) as compared with the adults aged > 3 7 years 55.8% (46.3 65.3) and older animals > 7 years 35.0% (22.9 47.1). Among breeds, Wadara and Kuri had significantly (P < 0.05) higher infestation rates of 66.1% (57.9 74.3) and 66.7% (13.4 120.0) respectively. Gudali had 60.9% (41.0 80.8), Rahaji 58.0% (44.3 71.7) and Bunaji 50.0% (19.3 119.3). Based on the predilection sites, the udder and external genitalia, inner thigh and under the tail/perineum were the most tick-infested sites with 84.3% (78.3 88.5), 79.0% (73.4 84.6) and 69.8% (63.5 76.1) respectively (P < 0.05). While the less preferred sites eyes, neck/dewlap, ears and all over the body each had prevalence of 26.3% (20.3 32.3), 14.6% (9.8 1.4), 12.2% (7.7 16.7) and 11.2% (6.9 15.5) respectively. This study reveals high prevalence of tick infestation among indigenous cattle in Maiduguri. This might hamper cattle production and productivity in Nigeria. Thus, it is recommended that appropriate control strategies be instituted to control ticks in the study area.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v12i2.21279 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2014). 12 (2): 161-166

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Analysis of Direct, Diffuse and Global Solar Radiations over Varanasi at Eastern Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP), India

Journal of Geography Environment and Earth Science International ◽

10.9734/jgeesi/2019/v19i230081 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-15

Author(s):

Pramod Kumar Yadava ◽

Manoj K. Srivastava ◽

Priyanshu Gupta ◽

Rajeev K. Singh ◽

Divya Prakash Yadav ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Solar Radiation ◽

Optical Depth ◽

Monsoon Season ◽

Uttar Pradesh ◽

India Meteorological Department ◽

Diffuse Radiation ◽

Global Solar Radiation ◽

Gangetic Plain ◽

Diffuse Solar Radiation ◽

June July

The paper presents the seasonal solar radiations over Varanasi (25°20' N, 83° 00' E 81.1m altitude) in Eastern Uttar Pradesh (UP) in India. An investigation on solar radiation over Varanasi station, India is carried out by using the five years (2010-2014) recorded direct, diffuse, and global radiations data obtained from the radiation unit installed by India Meteorological Department (IMD) at Banaras Hindu University (BHU) campus. Analyses of winter (December, January, and February), summer (March, April, and May), monsoon season (June, July, August, September), and post monsoon (October, November) period shows that diffuse solar radiation is maximum (~1.42 MJ/m2) during monsoon season in 2012 at 12:00 IST and global solar radiation is maximum (~2.9 MJ/m2) during summer season in 2012 at 13:00 IST. The results of solar radiation are further analyzed with the aerosols optical depth over Varanasi. The increase in diffuse radiation are found to be well correlated (R= 0.67) with higher values of aerosols optical depth during summer over Varanasi.

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Incidence of Reproductive Disorders in Cattle and Buffalo under Field Conditions in Eastern Plain Zone of Uttar Pradesh

THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY SCIENCES AND BIOTECHNOLOGY ◽

10.21887/ijvsbt.16.1.15 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (01) ◽

pp. 66-68

Author(s):

HC Verma ◽

Ashoo . ◽

Rakesh Kumar Singh ◽

Rajesh Kumar ◽

Ramakant . ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Incidence Rate ◽

Management Practices ◽

Uttar Pradesh ◽

Animal Husbandry ◽

Healthcare Management ◽

Field Conditions ◽

Crossbred Cattle ◽

Reproductive Disorders ◽

Dairy Farmers ◽

Indigenous Cattle

This study was conducted in the Barabanki district of Uttar Pradesh on reproductive disorders in cattle and buffaloes under field conditions. The information was generated from 120 farmers, 20 farmers from each of six selected villages, who had at least one milking dairy animal at the time of the investigation. The information was generated regarding reproductive disorders of indigenous cattle, crossbred cattle, and buffalo due to improper feeding, breeding, and healthcare management practices and was analyzed to explore the incidence rate of reproductive disorders faced by dairy farmers in three categories of animals. The overall incidence rate of reproductive disorders among indigenous cattle, crossbred cattle, and buffalo in the area surveyed revealed maximum incidence in buffalo (76.05 %) and minimum in indigenous cattle (48.77 %), the crossbreds being intermediate (72.62 %). Late maturity was the major problem in indigenous cattle and anoestrus in buffalo. The incidence of repeat breeding was the highest in crossbred cattle. Dystocia, prolapse and stillbirth were more in buffaloes, while abortion, RFM, and uterine infections were more in crossbred cattle. Reproductive disorders like dystocia, prolapse, abortion and stillbirth were mostly treated by veterinarians; however, remaining reproductive disorders like anoestrus, repeat breeding, uterine infection etc. were treated by dairy farmers and quacks through their own experiences by using different type of indigenous technical knowledge. There is a need to create awareness about scientific animal husbandry practices among dairy farmers of the region studied.

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PREVALENCE OF PSEUDOINVERTA ORAIENSIS IN FRESH WATER FISH, CLARIAS BATRACHUS

FLORA AND FAUNA ◽

10.33451/florafauna.v25i1pp66-68 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

Author(s):

ADITYA NARAYAN

Keyword(s):

Fresh Water ◽

Monsoon Season ◽

Winter Season ◽

Uttar Pradesh ◽

Summer Season ◽

Clarias Batrachus ◽

Fresh Water Fish ◽

Water Fish

The present investigation deals with the prevalence of infection of cestode, Pseudoinverta oraiensis19 parasitizing Clarias batrachus from Bundelkhand Region (U.P.) India. The studies were recorded from different sampling stations of Bundelkhand region of Uttar Pradesh. For this study 360 fresh water fish, Clarias batrachus were examined. The incidence of infection, monsoon season (17.50%) followed by winter season (20.00%) whereas high in summer season (30.00%).

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