Risk factors associated prevalence of hard tick in large ruminants of coastal areas of South Gujarat, India

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dharmesh C. Patel ◽  
Jayesh B. Solanki ◽  
Niranjan Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Tick Infestation ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Hard Tick ◽  
Indigenous Cattle ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Group Feeding ◽  
Large Animals

A total of 2617 large animals (1682 cattle and 935 buffaloes) of coastal districts (Bharuch, Surat, Navsari and Valsad) of South Gujarat were screened for tick infestation. The tick’s prevalence rate was (p less than 0.05) significantly higher in cross-breed (44.81%) as compared to indigenous cattle (22.93%)/ buffaloes (32.26%). Prevalence of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, Hyalomma spp., Haemaphysalis spp. and mixed tick infestation was 57.80, 13.05, 20.32 and 8.83%, respectively. Infestation rate in large animals of less than 3 years had increased up to the level of 78.28%. Animals with poor body condition/ anaemia, kept in loose house (80.53%) and allowed group feeding (70.56%) had noted higher (p less than 0.05) prevalence rate of tick. Prevalence was highest in summer (41.84%) followed by rainy (40.65%) and winter (17.50%) season. It is quite demanding to know the area-wise prevalence of the hard ticks infecting animals.

scholarly journals Prevalence of and risk factors for acute laminitis in horses treated with corticosteroids

2019 ◽  
Vol 185 (3) ◽  
pp. 82-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katya Potter ◽  
Kim Stevens ◽  
Nicola Menzies-Gow
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Corticosteroid Treatment ◽  
Treated Animal ◽  
Untreated Animal ◽  
Univariable Analysis ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Referral Hospitals ◽  
History Of ◽  
Group 1

A retrospective treated versus untreated study (study 1) and multicentre prospective cohort study (study 2) were undertaken to determine the prevalence of, and risk factors associated with, acute laminitis in horses treated with corticosteroids. All old treated with corticosteroids January–December 2014 (study 1) and January 2015–February 2017 (study 2) by two first opinion and referral hospitals in UK were included. Additionally, an untreated animal was identified for each treated animal (study one). Signalment, body condition (study 2 only), relevant medical history, primary condition, corticosteroid therapy prescribed and occurrence of acute laminitis during or within 14 days of cessation of corticosteroid treatment were recorded.For study 1, 205 cases and 205 controls were identified; two animals within each group (1 per cent) developed laminitis. In total, 1565 animals were included in study 2; laminitis period prevalence was 0.6 per cent (95 per cent CI 0.4 per cent to 1.2 per cent), with 10 cases in 1565 treated animals. There were significant associations between laminitis and breed (pony vs horse; p=0.01; univariable analysis only), the presence of a laminitis risk factor (history of laminitis or an underlying endocrinopathy; p<0.001; OR (95 per cent CI) 18.23 (5.05 to 65.87)) and body condition (overweight/obese vs not; p=0.04; OR (95 per cent CI) 4.0 (1.09 to 14.75)).

Systematic review and meta-analysis on Schistosoma mansoni infection prevalence, and associated risk factors in Brazil

Parasitology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 145 (8) ◽  
pp. 1000-1014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Teresinha Gomes Casavechia ◽  
Gessilda de Alcântara Nogueira de Melo ◽  
Andrea Claudia Bekner Da Silva Fernandes ◽  
Karin Reinhold De Castro ◽  
Raissa Bocchi Pedroso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Host Snail ◽  
Factors Associated

AbstractWe performed a systematic review and meta-analysis on the prevalence and factors associated with Schistosoma mansoni infection in Brazil. We searched the PubMed, Web of Science and Latin-American and Caribbean System on Health Sciences Information (LILACS) databases, scientific publications articles, according to The PRISMA Statement, from 2000 to 2016. A total of 27 studies were included according to the established criteria. The prevalence of S. mansoni infection varied widely, from 0·1 to 73·1%, based on Kato-Katz technique. Of the identified studies, 42·9% were performed in the state of Minas Gerais, and 33·3% were performed in the northeast region of Brazil. We identified sex, age, education level, family income, contact with water and the presence of the intermediate host snail as major risk factors associated with infection. The meta-analysis summarized a high prevalence rate pooled for Schistosoma mansoni. On the other hand, the analysis of the subgroup showed a highly significant reduction of the prevalence rate after control measures. The epidemiological factors evidenced in the studies show the influence of environmental and social conditions on the occurrence of schistosomiasis.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Tick Infestation in Different Breeds of Cattle in Maiduguri, Northeastern Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
HI Musa ◽  
SM Jajere ◽  
NB Adamu ◽  
NN Atsanda ◽  
JR Lawal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tick Infestation ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
External Genitalia ◽  
Amblyomma Variegatum ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
The Body ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Cattle Production ◽  
Indigenous Cattle ◽  
High Prevalence

A survey study was conducted from June to December 2009 using standard parasitological procedures to determine the prevalence of tick infestation among cattle of different breeds in Maiduguri, Northeastern Nigeria. The tick species identified were Boophilus microplus, Amblyomma variegatum, Hyalomma spp., Rhipicephalus sanguineous and Ornithodorus spp. Of the 205 cattle examined, 63.4% (95% CI: 56.8 – 70.0) were tick infested. Males had a non – significantly (P > 0.05) higher infestation rate of 63.4% (56.7 – 71.7) compared with the females 60.9% (46.8 – 75.0). Younger animals aged ? 3 years had a significantly (P < 0.05) higher prevalence of 85.4% (74.6 – 96.2) as compared with the adults aged > 3 – 7 years 55.8% (46.3 – 65.3) and older animals > 7 years 35.0% (22.9 – 47.1). Among breeds, Wadara and Kuri had significantly (P < 0.05) higher infestation rates of 66.1% (57.9 – 74.3) and 66.7% (13.4 – 120.0) respectively. Gudali had 60.9% (41.0 – 80.8), Rahaji 58.0% (44.3 – 71.7) and Bunaji 50.0% (19.3 – 119.3). Based on the predilection sites, the udder and external genitalia, inner thigh and under the tail/perineum were the most tick-infested sites with 84.3% (78.3 – 88.5), 79.0% (73.4 – 84.6) and 69.8% (63.5 – 76.1) respectively (P < 0.05). While the less preferred sites eyes, neck/dewlap, ears and all over the body each had prevalence of 26.3% (20.3 – 32.3), 14.6% (9.8 – 1.4), 12.2% (7.7 – 16.7) and 11.2% (6.9 – 15.5) respectively. This study reveals high prevalence of tick infestation among indigenous cattle in Maiduguri. This might hamper cattle production and productivity in Nigeria. Thus, it is recommended that appropriate control strategies be instituted to control ticks in the study area.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v12i2.21279 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2014). 12 (2): 161-166 

scholarly journals A systematic review and meta-analyses of risk factors associated with lameness in dairy cows

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas W. Oehm ◽  
Gabriela Knubben-Schweizer ◽  
Anna Rieger ◽  
Alexander Stoll ◽  
Sonja Hartnack
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Meta Analyses

Abstract Background Lameness in dairy cows has been an ongoing concern of great relevance to animal welfare and productivity in modern dairy production. Many studies have examined associations between various factors related to housing, management, and the individual animal and the occurrence of lameness. The objective of this systematic review was to answer the research question “what are risk factors associated with lameness in dairy cows that are housed in free stall barns or tie stall facilities”. Furthermore, we performed a synthesis of current evidence on certain risk factors by means of a meta-analysis to illustrate the strength of their association with bovine lameness. Results Following pre-defined procedures and inclusion criteria in accordance with the PRISMA statement, two observers independently included 53 articles out of a pool of 1941 articles which had been retrieved by a broad literature research in a first step. 128 factors that have been associated with lameness were identified in those papers. Meta-analyses were conducted for five factors presented in six different studies: Body condition score, presence of claw overgrowth, days in milk, herd size, and parity. Results indicated that a body condition score of ≤2.5/5 is associated with increased odds of lameness. A higher risk of being lame was found for the presence of claw overgrowth, the first 120 days in milk, larger herd sizes, and increasing parity. Throughout the study, we encountered profound difficulties in retrieving data and information of sufficient quality from primary articles as well as in recovering comparable studies. Conclusions We learned that an abundance of literature on bovine lameness exists. To adequately address a problem of this importance to both animal welfare and economic viability, solid evidence is required in the future to develop effective intervention strategies. Therefore, a consistent working definition of lameness and specific risk factors should be an option to consider.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Avian Ectoparasitic Infestations Diagnosed in Osun State Veterinary Hospitals, Southwest Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-147
Author(s):  
Shola D. OLA-FADUNSIN ◽  
Fufa I. GIMBA ◽  
Donea A. ABDULLAH ◽  
Mohammed KONTO
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Tick Infestation ◽  
Avian Species ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Flea Infestation ◽  
Strategic Measures ◽  
Southwest Nigeria ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Local Chickens

Ectoparasitism is the most devastating parasitic condition of poultry after coccidiosis. The present study was conducted to identify the risk factors associated with avian ectoparasitism in Osun State, Nigeria. Data was obtained from avian species presented at the major Veterinary Hospitals in Osun State between January 2006 and December 2015. A total of 4,584 avian species were presented in the period under review. Of the presented birds, 2,665 (58.14%) were young, while 1,919 (41.86%) were adults. One thousand nine hundred and ninety four (43.50%) were male and 2,590 (56.50%) were female. More birds (2,868, 62.57%) were presented during the wet season compared to the dry season (1,716, 37.43%). Turkeys 2,088 (45.55%) were the most frequently presented bird type, followed by layers 1,476 (32.20%) and local chickens 1,020 (22.25%). A total of 324 (7.07%) avian species were diagnosed for ectoparasitic infestations, of which lice infestation was the most prevalent (216, 4.71%) followed by flea infestation (72, 1.57%), tick infestation (24, 0.52%) and mite infestation (12, 0.26%). There was no defined pattern in the yearly and monthly prevalence of ectoparasite infestations. Age, sex, seasons and species were significantly associated (P<0.05) with the prevalence of ectoparasitic infestations. The study showed a low prevalence of ectoparasite infestations among avian species in the study area; however strategic measures should be taken to control these ectoparasites in Osun State, Nigeria, so as to maximize productivity in the poultry sector.

scholarly journals Risk Factors Associated with the Occurrence of Gastrointestinal Helminths among Indigenous Donkeys (Equus asinus) in Northeastern Nigeria

Scientifica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saleh Mohammed Jajere ◽  
Jallailudeen Rabana Lawal ◽  
Amina Mohammed Bello ◽  
Yakaka Wakil ◽  
Usman Aliyu Turaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Thin Body ◽  
Gastrointestinal Helminths ◽  
Parascaris Equorum ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Equus Asinus

Aim. This survey study was conducted from April 2014 through March 2015 in Bauchi, Yobe, and Gombe states, northeastern Nigeria, to explore the risk factors associated with the occurrence of gastrointestinal helminthosis among indigenous donkeys (Equus asinus).Materials and Methods. A total of six hundred fresh faecal samples were randomly collected from indigenous donkeys of varying age, sex, and settlements. Simple flotation and sedimentation techniques were used for the detection of helminths eggs.Results. Three gastrointestinal nematode parasites were encountered includingStrongyle,Parascaris equorum, andOxyuris equi. An overall prevalence of 98.3% was obtained, of which 78.3%, 40.3%, and 17.5% were, respectively, fromStrongyle,Parascaris equorum, andOxyuris equi. Age, sex, and season were not statistically associated with the risk of helminth infection as were the different study areas (p>0.05). However, body condition score, settlement, anthelminthic medication history, and management practices were significantly associated with the risk of gastrointestinal helminthosis. Statistically high prevalence of helminthic infections was observed in donkeys, with poor (thin) body condition, from rural settlements, that were not dewormed and raised under poor management systems (p<0.001).Conclusion. It is concluded from the study that gastrointestinal helminths particularlyStrongylewere endemic among the indigenous donkeys in northeastern Nigeria. Further control and preventive measures were discussed.

scholarly journals Prevalência e fatores de risco da Leucose Enzoótica Bovina em rebanhos bovinos da microrregião de Teresina, estado do Piauí, Brasil

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 6-15
Author(s):  
Pedro Henrique Viana Rebêlo ◽  
◽  
Flávio de Sousa Oliveira ◽  
Rafael Gabino Cavalcante ◽  
Francisco das Chagas Cardoso Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
The State ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Agar Gel ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
And Control

The present work aims to estimate the seroprevalence of Bovine Enzootic Leukosis - LEB and to identify the risk factors associated with seroreactivity for infection by the LEB virus, in cattle from herds raised in the Teresina Microregion, in the State of Piaui, Brazil. 420 blood samples were examined in 14 municipalities belonging to the microregion, the technique used for the research was Immunodiffusion in Agar Gel (IDGA). There was a prevalence rate of 19.52% (82/420) of seroreagent animals, with the occurrence of at least one animal positive for LEB in each herd evaluated. The results show that prevention and control measures are necessary for better surveillance of herds.

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors associated with Fasciola gigantica and Paramphistomum cervi infection through actual retrieval in Philippine Carabaos in Ormoc City Abattoir, Philippines

2019 ◽  
pp. 43-56
Author(s):  
John Philip Lou Lumain ◽  
Lotis Balala
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Fasciola Gigantica ◽  
Intrinsic Factors ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Paramphistomum Cervi

This study determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with Fasciola and Paramphistomum and the co-infection of both parasites in 246 Philippine carabaos slaughtered in Ormoc City abattoir.Upon postmortem examination, adult parasites were collected from the organ of localization and identified based on morphological characteristics. Intrinsic factors [sex, age, weight, Body Condition Score (BCS)] and origin of the carabaos were recorded. The parasites identified were Fasciola gigantica and Paramphistomum cervi. The study showed a prevalence of 50.81% for F. gigantica, 4.31% for P. cervi and 32.11% for coinfection. was more prevalent in female carabaos (57.80%), carabaos more than three years of age (58.41%), >325kg bodyweight (60.36%) and higher than three body condition score (59.09%). Paramphistomum was common in female carabaos (51.37%), carabaos less than or equal to three years of age (46.82%), ≤325kg bodyweight (52.59%) and less than or equal to three (≤3) body condition score (49.64%). Carabaos originating from Leyte have a higher infection rate to Fasciola (53.30%) and Paramphistomum (46.70%) compared to carabaos , supplied by other provinces. Logistic regression modeling indicates that male carabaos are a protective factor (OR 0.59) against Paramphistomum infection while carabaos within Leyte have a greater likelihood of being infected with both parasites (OR 4.27 to 4.57). Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient (r-value) showed a strong and positive result (r=0.997**) that the likelihood of Fasciola and Paramphistomum co-exist (co-infection) together is high. A high prevalence rate of fluke infection has been recorded in carabaos admitted for slaughter implying, that most of the backyard carabao raisers are not practicing sound deworming, pasture and grazing management and proper deworming protocol. To prevent and control flukes and improve production and health of carabaos, the above-mentioned factors must first be considered.

scholarly journals Risk factors for ovarian postpartum resumption in Holstein cows, under high tropical conditions

2014 ◽  
pp. 3970-3983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Humberto Guáqueta M ◽  
Jorge Zambrano V ◽  
Claudia Jiménez E
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Serum Progesterone ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Follicular Waves ◽  
Uterine Involution ◽  
Tropical Conditions ◽  
Follicular Dynamics

ABSTRACTObjective. To evaluate the factors associated with postpartum ovarian resumption and follicular dynamics in Holstein cows under high altitude conditions (2,600 masl). Materials and methods. Forty-five Holstein cows were studied between 14 days before and 120 days after calving. Uterine involution, follicular dynamics, serum progesterone and peripartum pathologies were evaluated; additionally, body condition (BC), calving type, milk yield, were also evaluated. According to hormonal and reproductive findings, cows were classified into two groups: early ovarian resumption (EOR) or delayed ovarian resumption (DOR). Results. The occurrence of the first follicular for EOR animals (n=31) was produced on average 9.58±3.45 days postpartum and was similar to the DOR group (n=10) [10.8±4.83 days; p>0.05)]. The first postpartum ovulation occurred at 21.55±5.90 days (EOR) and was significantly delayed (48.7±27.85 days) for DOR animals (p<0.05). Thirty-six point five percent of the cows (n=f) had normal estrus cycles (18 to 24 days), while 63.5% (n=26) showed dysciclia. The factors associated with ovarian resumption and cyclicity were the loss of BC [OR=3.3, CI 95% (1.2-13.3) (p<0.05)] and lameness [OR= 9.0, CI 95% (1.2-13.3) (p<0.05)]. Conclusions. Although the emergence of postpartum follicular waves was observed early, under the experimental conditions of this study there are factors that may affect the first ovulation favoring the occurrence of anovulatory conditions. The determinant factors were low body condition and lameness.

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