scholarly journals Desert Locust Schistocerca gregaria Forskål (Acrididae): Biology, Management and Strategies: A Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinesh Chandra Rajak ◽  
Jyoti Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Schistocerca Gregaria ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Desert Locust ◽  
Southwest Asia ◽  
Integrated Network ◽  
Control Techniques ◽  
Agrarian Crisis ◽  
And Control ◽  
Resource Deployment

Early 2020 witnessed the emergence of global agrarian crisis with the widespread burgeoning of destructive migratory pest, Desert Locust (Schistocerca gregaria) in East Africa, Southwest Asia, Pakistan and India. Characterised by the ability to eat ravenously, breed exponentially and migrate rapidly; locust swarms has led to substantial agrarian disaster. The current official strategy is to control the upsurges to evade plague. Though it may seem attractive and efficient, it is sensible only if the numbers are relatively low. The socio-economic and environmental challenges posed by the unprecedented locust outbreak has prompt the scientists worldwide to emanate an effective preventive management strategies that rely on updated knowledge of pest biology, ecology and behaviour along with efficient monitoring, data management, analysis, forecasting, resource deployment and control techniques. In addition, the integrated network of field teams, decision makers, analysts, rural governing bodies and farmers potentially offers better compliance of pest management strategies.

The Desert Locust: an international challenge

1990 ◽  
Vol 328 (1251) ◽  
pp. 525-538 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Schistocerca Gregaria ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Desert Locust ◽  
Southwest Asia ◽  
The Past ◽  
Northwest Africa ◽  
The Caribbean

A new plague of the Desert Locust Schistocerca gregaria started in 1986; it developed quickly in 1987 in the Sahelian countries and reached northwest Africa at the end of 1987. It expanded in 1988 in north Africa, the Sahel, the Sudan, the Near East, southwest Asia, and in October 1988, swarms crossed the Atlantic to the Caribbean. The plague declined dramatically in the past quarter of 1988, and by March 1989 the plague was over. A study of the latest known upsurges provides more support to the theory that a build-up of locusts arises from initially low-density populations rather than from the persistence of undetected swarming populations. The decline of the recent plague was probably attributable to the cumulative effect of control operations combined with natural environmental factors. Prevention of new plagues of the Desert Locust will be much more difficult as the restriction on the use of dieldrin poses major technical, logistic and financial problems.

scholarly journals Early Intervention against Desert Locusts: Current Proactive Approach and the Prospect of Sustainable Outbreak Prevention

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 312
Author(s):  
Allan T. Showler ◽  
Mohammed Abdallahi Ould Babah Ebbe ◽  
Michel Lecoq ◽  
Koutaro O. Maeno
Keyword(s):  
Early Intervention ◽  
Schistocerca Gregaria ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Desert Locust ◽  
Preventive Control ◽  
Proactive Approach ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
And Control ◽  
Further Development

The desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria (Forskål) (Orthoptera: Acrididae), a major Old World pest, is associated with agricultural losses and undesirable societal effects. There are three broad approaches to its control: reaction, proaction, and outbreak prevention. Reaction protects crops from swarms but it is costly and disruptive. Proaction involves early intervention during outbreaks to avert further development to plague status; it is in current use because it is effective, relatively inexpensive, and it is the best available option for now. Outbreak prevention, largely unavailable since the 1970s, at least on a regional scale, will require highly sensitive surveillance to detect the onset of gregarization. Sufficiently early intervention can, hypothetically, extend desert locust recession indefinitely. While research on desert locust biology and behavior is, almost, no longer an urgent requirement to improve the efficacy of control, new priorities have arisen for developing outbreak prevention capability (and for enhancing proaction). Salient needs presently include long residual tactics for prophylactic (preventive) control in breeding areas, intervention thresholds, and improved, sustainable coordination among stakeholders at national, regional, and international levels. The most recent desert locust episode of 2020 provides an illustrative example of how prevention might have averted the entire upsurge, and how proaction in some countries contained the spread of swarms. The initial outbreak in Saudi Arabia escaped control due to unpreparedness, and impacts of armed conflict in Somalia and Yemen, which weakened surveillance and control, further contributed to the invasion of ≥22 countries, and the spraying of ≈4.9 million ha, by the end of 2020.

scholarly journals Desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria Forskal) and its management: A review

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-69
Author(s):  
Shambhu Katel ◽  
Honey Raj Mandal ◽  
Pooja Neupane ◽  
Sandipa Timsina ◽  
Pratima Pokhrel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Schistocerca Gregaria ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Cultural Control ◽  
Desert Locust ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Polyphagous Insect ◽  
And Control ◽  
Published Research

The desert locust [Schistocerca gregaria (Forskal)] (Orthoptera: Acrididae) is one of the world’s most dangerous and destructive migratory pests. It is a highly voracious and polyphagous insect. Its swarms can travel hundreds of kilometers per day and infest areas covering millions of square kilometers, resulting in substantial crop losses. We synthesize published research data and reports on the life cycle, behavior, phases, and damage of the desert locust, as well as its possible management practices, in this study. There are diffi-culties involved in estimating locust populations because locust swarms are highly mobile. Cultural control, baiting, dusting with insecticide, and spraying liquid insecticides (chemical or biological) using ultra-low volume (ULV) application are all options for control-ling locust swarms. Improved knowledge on pest biology, as well as more efficient monitoring and control strategies, are essential com-ponents of an effective management strategy.

scholarly journals Desert locust and its management in Nepal: a review

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Suraj Shrestha ◽  
Gaurav Thakur ◽  
Jayanti Gautam ◽  
Namoona Acharya ◽  
Meena Pandey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Schistocerca Gregaria ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Desert Locust ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Cultural Methods ◽  
Unique Character ◽  
Tools And Techniques ◽  
And Control

Locusts are among the most dangerous agricultural pests. They are a group of short horned grasshoppers belonging to Acrididae family and are hemimetabolous insects. This group of grasshoppers have a unique character of changing habits and behaviors when they aggregate in a group and this habit is catalyzed by different environmental factors. In the adult stage, gregarious locusts migrate from one place to another in a swarm. Desert Locust, Schistocerca gregaria (Forksal), is one of those locusts which cause damage to different types of crop which fly in the direction of wind up to a distance of 150 km. Because of polyphagous feeding habits and swarming in a plague (large group of adults), this pest is considered as the hazardous migratory pest. These pests entered Nepal for the first time in 1962 and then in 1996. In 2020 the pest entered the country from India on three different dates 27th June and continued till 29th (5 districts), 12th July (1 district), and 16th July (2 districts). The swarms migrated to 53 districts and caused the considerable loss in agricultural and field crop in 1118 hectare. These pests are monitored on the basis of environmental factors and many tools and practices such as eLocust3, SMELLS (Soil Moisture for Desert Locust Early Survey), P-locust and SUPARCO Disaster Watch Desert Locust Situation Alert are being used. Their control is critical to food security. Many tools and techniques are integrated for prevention and management of these pests to minimize damage in the existing crops where they migrate. These are physical methods, cultural methods, use of botanicals, green muscle, PAN (phenylacetonitrile) and chemicals. Effective preventive management strategy relies on an improved knowledge of the pest biology, more efficient monitoring and control techniques.

PROJECT ON ELECTRONIC STEERING SYSYTEM

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Shivam Dwivedi ◽  
Prof. Vikas Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Steering System ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Variable Pressure ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Control Techniques ◽  
Steering Mechanism ◽  
Dynamics And Control ◽  
Active Research ◽  
Electronic Steering ◽  
And Control

As the four-wheel steering (4WS) system has great potentials, many researchers' attention was attracted to this technique and active research was made. As a result, passenger cars equipped with 4WS systems were put on the market a few years ago. This report tries to identify the essential elements of the 4WS technology in terms of vehicle dynamics and control techniques. Based on the findings of this investigation, the report gives a mechanism of electronically controlling the steering system depending on the variable pressure applied on it. This enhances the controlling and smoothens the operation of steering mechanism.

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