Short durartion cowpea varieties for cultivation as a niche crop in various cropping systems for enhanced pulse production

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. V. Singh ◽  
B. B. Singh ◽  
Preeti Massey ◽  
P. K. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Short Duration ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Food Legumes ◽  
Food Legume ◽  
Cowpea Varieties

Agriculture must become nutrition-smart. Food security without nutrition security is not enough. Our basic food systems have to be optimized to provide the greatest amount of nutrients per square meter per unit time, especially in the face of climate change. Majority of the Indian people are vegetarian and they depend primarily upon grain legumes for dietary protein. Unfortunately the production of grain legumes in India has remained stagnant since 1950 causing declining per capita availability and widespread malnutrition. This is because most of the good lands have gone to the green revolution led ‘wheat-rice’ and ‘rice-rice’ cropping systems and food legumes have been pushed to marginal lands. Also, the traditional food legume varieties are late in maturity with low yield potential. This has led to inadequate protein and minerals in the diets of rural and urban masses on one hand and imbalanced soil fertility due to cereal-cereal rotation on the other hand. Therefore, increased cultivation of pulses is urgently needed. How can this be achieved with the limited land is one of the major challenges of agricultural research. The only answer is to breed and cultivate short duration food legumes in the existing niches between cereal-cereal systems. Wheat is harvested in March–April and rice is transplanted in July leaving about 80-90 days gap in which a short duration food legume can be grown. A number of photo-insensitive and heat tolerant ‘60-day cowpea’ varieties have been recently developed by Pantnagar University which were tested under farmer participatory on-farm trials and All India Multi-location Coordinated Trials with the support from Harvest Plus Project of CGIAR. These varieties can be grown as a niche crop in the wheat-rice cropping system of northern India which has a potential area of over 10 million ha. and also fit well in rice fellows in southern India.

scholarly journals Diversifying European agricultural systems by intercropping

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 174-186
Author(s):  
Erik S. Jensen ◽  
Iman R. Chongtham ◽  
Nawa R. Dhamala ◽  
Carolina Rodriguez ◽  
Nicolas Carton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Systems ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Ecological Intensification ◽  
Cereal Grain ◽  
Key Factor

Cropping system diversification is a key factor in developing more sustainable cropping and food systems. The agroecological practice of intercropping, meaning the simultaneous cultivation of two or more species in the same field, has recently gained renewed interest as a means of ecological intensification in European agricultural research. We discuss some recent research developments regarding 1) intercropping for ecological intensification in agroecological and conventional cropping systems, 2) studies on nitrogen resource use by cereal-grain legume intercropping cultivation, 3) the role of intercropping in the management of biotic stressors, especially weeds, and 4) intercropping as a means of creating cropping systems that are more resilient to the abiotic and biotic stress associated with climate change. Finally, we propose methods for the greater adoption of intercropping in European agriculture by unlocking farming systems from upstream and downstream barriers, with the aim of developing more sustainable agricultural and food systems.

Comparative Effect of Groundnut (Arachis hypogea l.) Genotypes on Yield and N Fixation in Sudan and Northern Guinea Savannahs of Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 61-67
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Pod Yield

Recognition of high yielding and nitrogen (N) fixing groundnut genotypes and desegregating them in the cereal-based cropping systems common in savannah regions will enhance food security and reduce the need for high N fertilizers hence, minimize the high cost and associated environmental consequences. Field trials were conducted during the 2015 growing season at the Research Farms of Bayero University Kano (BUK) and Institute for Agricultural Research (IAR), Ahmadu Bello University, Samaru-Zaria to assess the yield potential and Biolog- ical N fixation in 15 groundnut genotypes (ICG 4729, ICGV-IS 07823, ICGV-IS 07893, ICGV-IS 07908, ICGV- SM 07539, ICGV- SM 07599, ICGV-IS 09926, ICGV-IS 09932, ICGV-IS 09992, ICGV-IS 09994, SAMNUT-21, SAMNUT-22, SAMNUT-25, KAMPALA and KWANKWAS). The groundnut genotypes and reference Maize crop (SAMMAZ 29) were planted in a randomized complete block design in three replications. N difference method was used to estimate the amount of N fixed. The parameters determined were the number of nodules, nod- ule dry weight, shoot and root dry weights, pod, and haulm yield as well as N fixation. The nodule dry weight, BNF, haulm, and pod yield were statistically significant (P<0.01) concerning genotype and location. Similarly, their interac- tion effect was also highly significant. ICGV-IS 09926 recorded the highest nod- ule dry weight of 2.07mg /plant across the locations while ICGV-IS 09932 had the highest BNF value of 140.27Kg/ha. Additionally, KAMPALA had the high- est haulm yield, while ICGV-IS 07893 had the highest pod yield across the loca- tions with a significant interaction effect. The result shows that ICGV-IS 07893 and ICGV-IS 09932, as well as ICGV-IS 09994 and SAMNUT – 22, were the best genotypes concerning BNF, haulm and pod yield in the Northern Guinea and Sudan Savannahs of Nigeria respectively with the potential for a corresponding beneficial effect.

scholarly journals Effect of conservation agriculture on grain yield and income of maize under maize based cropping system in far western Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 320-332
Author(s):  
H.K. Prasai ◽  
S.K. Sah ◽  
A.K. Gautam ◽  
A.P. Regmi
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Net Benefit ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Hybrid Maize

Abstract. The adoption of Conservation agriculture (CA) contributes to sustainable production and its advantages include lower inputs and stable yields. This study was conducted in the research field of Regional Agricultural Research Station, Bhagetada, Dipayal, Doti during 2014 and 2015 to identify the effect of CA on grain yield and income of maize in Maize based cropping system. Both conservation and conventional agricultural (ConvA) practices were evaluated on two maize based cropping systems namely maize-wheat-mungbean (M-W-MB) and maize-lentil-mungbean (M-L-MB). For this purpose two maize varieties namely Raj Kumar and Arun-2 were used. The average productivity of maize under M-L-MB cropping system was 1.6% higher (5.75 t/ha) than M-W-MB cropping system (5.66 t/ha). The average grain yield of maize under CA was 16.7% higher (6.15 t/ha) than ConvA (5.27 t/ha). Rajkumar produced 43% higher average grain yield (6.73 t/ha) than Arun-2 variety (4.69 t/ha). The average net benefit was slightly higher (US$ 597.33/ha) under M-L-MB cropping system than M-W-MB cropping system (US$ 573.89/ha). Similarly, the average net benefit from CA was 102% higher (US$ 783.67/ha) than ConvA (US$ 386.79/ha). Rajkumar variety gave 127% higher average net benefit (US$ 813.49/ha) than Arun-2 (US$ 357.81/ha). The average benefit - cost (B:C) ratio of M-L-MB cropping system was slightly higher (1.72) than the average B:C ratio of M-W-MB cropping system (1.70). The average B:C ratio of CA was 42% higher (2.01) than ConvA (1.41). The average B:C ratio of Rajkumar variety was found 33% higher (1.95) than Arun-2 (1.46). The higher grain yield, net profit and B:C ratio were found in CA practices under M-L-MB cropping system and Rajkumar variety. This study suggests that hybrid maize planting and the adoption of M-L-MB cropping system should be used to increase grain yield and economic performance under CA practices.

Isotopic evidence reveals  persistent microbial residues in soil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten Hofmockel ◽  
Sheryl Bell ◽  
Chris Kasanke
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Bulk Soil ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Geochemical Reactions ◽  
Silty Loam ◽  
Selective Preservation ◽  
Microbial Residues

&lt;p&gt;Microbial derivatives and necromass are dominant sources of soil organic matter (SOM), yet the specific microbiological and geochemical reactions leading to the persistence of microbial compounds in SOM remains to be discovered. Identification of the microbial taxa and classes of microbial-derived compounds that are selectively preserved may enhance our ability to manage SOM, particularly in agroecosystems. We examined how perennial and annual biofuel cropping systems influence the production and selective preservation of microbial residues. Our experiment was replicated on a sandy and a silty loam to test the relative importance of microbial (biotic) and mineral (abiotic) filters on necromass accumulation and persistence. Using a &lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C-labeling incubation experiment, we tested the effects of cropping system and soil texture on the production and persistence of microbial-derived residues. Soils were collected from sandy loams at the Kellogg Biological Station (MI, USA) and silty loams at the Arlington Agricultural Research Station (WI, USA). These soils were amended with &lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C-labeled glucose, which was rapidly incorporated into microbial biomass. After 2 months, ~50% of the added &lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C remained in the bulk soil. Approximately 30% of the &lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C remaining in the bulk soil was recovered in the lipid, protein, and metabolite pools. Lipids contained the most &lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C (16%) and the contribution was similar in both soils. Both soils had similar protein pools, but protein from the sandy loam was significantly more enriched than protein from the silty loam. The pool of metabolites was small, but highly enriched, suggesting substantial recycling over the 2-month incubation. The majority (40%) of the whole soil &lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C persisted in the SOM even after repeat extractions. The remaining ~30% of the whole soil &lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C was recovered in a complex of remaining unknown debris that separates from the soil at the solvent interphase with the protein but could not be solubilized. We provide novel evidence of the carbon pools that contribute to persistent microbial residues in soil. Our results suggest that metabolites may be more important than was previously recognized. Ongoing work is identifying the labeled metabolites and characterizing the chemistry of the highly enriched protein residue fraction.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Effects of Cropping System and Cowpea Variety on Symbiotic Potential and Yields of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculataL. Walp) and Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucumL.) in the Sudano-Sahelian Zone of Mali

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoumana Kouyaté ◽  
Tatiana Krasova-Wade ◽  
Inamoud Ibny Yattara ◽  
Marc Neyra
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Mycorrhizal Infection ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Sole Crop ◽  
Cowpea Varieties ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Cowpea Variety

Many cowpea varieties (Vigna unguiculataL. Walp) have been proposed by research in Mali. None of these varieties were investigated for their symbiotic potential in terms of root nodulation and mycorrhizal infection. An experiment was conducted at Cinzana Research Station, from 2007 to 2009 with an objective to identify a cowpea variety with high symbiotic potential which may improve millet/cowpea cropping global production. Randomized complete block (RCBD) design with a factorial combination of 3 cowpea varieties (IT89KD-374, CZ1-94-23-1, and CZ11-94-5C) and 2 cropping systems (millet/cowpea intercropping and cowpea-millet rotation) was used. On farm test was conducted to evaluate CZ11-94-5C and IT89KD-374 nodulation performance. Cowpea variety CZ11-94-5-C had the highest nodule number and nodule weight. Millet/cowpea alternate rows intercropping (1/1), only, had a significant influence on cowpea root infection rates by mycorrhizae, on the 45th day after emergence. IT89KD-374 gave the best cowpea grain yield (1540 kg ha−1) in sole crop. The highest millet grain yield (1650 kg ha−1) was obtained under CZ11-94-5C-millet rotation. Farmers' fields assessments results confirmed CZ11-94-5C performance on research station. The CZ11-94-5C cowpea variety needs to be more characterized.

scholarly journals Inclusion Effect of Fox Tail Millet in Fallow-chickpea Production System: An Approach to Improve Land Productivity in Vertisols under Variable Water Regimes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Munirathnam ◽  
K. Ashok Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Short Duration ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Foxtail Millet ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Land Utilization ◽  
Water Regimes ◽  
Variable Water

Background: The land utilization efficiency of vertisols can be increased by inclusion of a short duration crop preceding Bengal gram in fallow-bengalgram cropping system in scarce rainfall zone of Andhra Pradesh.Methods: A field investigation was conducted at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Nandyal, Kurnool (District), Andhra Pradesh during 2010-11, 2011-12 and 2012-13 to study the influence of including a short duration crop like foxtail millet in traditional fallow-chickpea system. The field was laid out in Split plot design and the treatments are comprised of cropping systems i.e foxtail millet-chickpea and fallow-chickpea as main plots and variable water regimes (with and without irrigation) as subplots. Result: The results revealed that in deep vertisols, kharif fallows can be grown with a short duration crop like foxtail millet by utilising the initial rains of the season thus providing an additional income to chickpea farmer and was also observed that seed yield of chickpea taken up during rabi was not affected due to preceding foxtail millet.

scholarly journals Winter Wheat Row Spacing and Alternative Crop Effects on Relay-Intercrop, Double-Crop, and Wheat Yields

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leah Sandler ◽  
Kelly A. Nelson ◽  
Christopher Dudenhoeffer
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Alternative Crops ◽  
The Impact

In Missouri as well as much of the Midwest, the most popular double-cropping system was winter wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) followed by soybean (Glycine max(L.) Merr). These two crops can also be used in an intercrop system, but optimal row spacing was important to increase crop productivity. Research was conducted to evaluate (1) winter wheat inter- and double-crop production systems, using a variety of alternative crops, and (2) the impact of different wheat row spacings on intercrop establishment and yields within the various cropping systems. Field research was conducted during droughts in 2012 and 2013. Spacing of wheat rows impacted wheat yields by 150 kg ha−1, as well as yields of the alternative crops. Narrower row spacings (150 kg ha−1) and the double-crop system (575 kg ha−1) increased yield due to the lack of interference for resources with wheat in 2013. Land equivalent ratio (LER) values determining productivity of intercrop systems of 19 and 38 cm row showed an advantage for alternative crops in 2013, but not 2012. This signified that farmers in Northeast Missouri could potentially boost yield potential for a given field and produce additional forage or green manure yields in a year with less severe drought.

scholarly journals Maximizing land productivity by diversified cropping systems with different nitrogen fertilizer types

2017 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abd El-Hafeez Ahmed ZOHRY ◽  
Khadra A. ABBADY ◽  
Enshrah I.M. EL-MAAZ ◽  
Hoda M.R.M. AHMED
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Land Equivalent Ratio ◽  
Insignificant Effect ◽  
N Fertilizers ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Plot Design

Six field experiments were conducted in Giza Agricultural Research Station, Egypt during 2010, 2011 and 2012 growing seasons to study the effect of two types of N fertilizers (urea and urea form as slow-release (UF)) on intercropping cowpea with sunflower and intercropping wheat with pea. A split plot design with three replications was used. The results indicated that insignificant effect of cropping systems was found for sunflower and significant effect was found for cowpea yield. Significant effect of N fertilizers was found on sunflower and insignificant effect was found for cowpea yield. Furthermore, insignificant effect of interaction of cropping systems and N fertilizers was found for sunflower and significant effect was found for cowpea yield. With respect to wheat and pea intercropping, both crops were significantly affected by intercropping system. Significant effect of N fertilizers was found on wheat and insignificant effect was found for pea yield. Both wheat and pea were significantly affected by the interaction of cropping system and N fertilizers. Yield advantage was achieved because land equivalent ratio exceeded 1.00. Dominance analysis proved that leguminous crop is dominated component. Thus, the studied intercropping systems could be recommended to farmers due to its beneficial returns.

Advances in the production of cool season food legumes

1996 ◽  
Vol 11 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 71-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.J. Muehlbauer
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Ascochyta Blight ◽  
Leaf Roll ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Root Rots ◽  
Food Legumes

AbstractDisease resistance, increased crop residues and altered plant and canopy design are the primary strategies being used to solve the major problems of cool season food legumes that are an integral component of cropping systems in the rainfed areas of the U.S. Pacific Northwest. Dry pea, seed pea and lentil predominate among these legumes, but there is increasing interest in chickpea. Several diseases are major hazards to production, including root rots, wilts, powdery mildew, Ascochyta blight, and viruses. Pea and lentil cultivan resistant to root rots, wilts, and powdery mildew are being developed and released. Progress is being made on resistance to v iruses transmitted by aphids, including pea enation mosaic and bean leaf roll. Development of res istant cultivars has been the principal control strategy for several diseases: Ascochyta blight of chickpea and lentil; root rots and wilts of pea, lentil, and chickpea; powdery mildew of pea; and viruses of pea and lentil. Chickpea cultivars resistant to Ascochyta blight were recently made avallable to producers. Another problem is that crop residues are insufficient to control erosion. Research is underway on genetically increasing biomass and residue production in lentil and dry pea and on producing more lignified stems and other plant parts that are more resistant to breakdown during harvesting and subsequent tillage. Increased biomass also might increase grain yields and red uce harvesting losses. The semi-leafless and woody stem traits in pea, the bushy plant types of lentil and chickpea, and diverse pod traits in all the legumes have shown promise for increased yield potential, ease of harvest, and reduced shattering losses.

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