Seroprevalence and comparative study of serological tests for detection of mycoplasma gallisepticum infection in commercial layer farms at few districts of Tamil Nadu, India

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Vadivalagan ◽  
K. Sukumar ◽  
V. Sudha Rani ◽  
M Sivachandran ◽  
P. Logesh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Mycoplasma Gallisepticum ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Avian Mycoplasmosis ◽  
Commercial Poultry

Avian mycoplasmosis causes great economic losses to the poultry industry, and one of the major agents involved is Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG). The study was conducted from October 2008 to September 2010 to detect the presence of antibodies against MG in poultry layers. Serum from commercial poultry layers (n = 1350) was tested for MG by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and serum plate agglutination (SPA). A total of 1350 sera from commercial poultry farm were collected and tested in winter, 453 (33.6%) and 350 (26.0%) were positive in SPA test and ELISA, and in summer, 297 (22.0%) and 219 (16.2%) were positive in SPA test and ELISA respectively. In Pearson chi-square test, statistical significant differectnce (p = 0.000) were observed between serological tests (SPA test and ELISA), and it was also demonstrated that seasonal occurrence of infection were higher in zone C. It has been found that MG infection is still an important disease problem in commercial layer farms and there is need for a stringent surveillance and control to combat avian mycoplasmosis in Tamil Nadu and these diagnostic methods (SPA and ELISA) should be only used as screening tools in monitoring programs.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Serological Tests forMycoplasma synoviaeDiagnosis in Commercial Poultry Breeders

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Luciano ◽  
A. L. S. P. Cardoso ◽  
G. F. Z. Stoppa ◽  
A. M. I. Kanashiro ◽  
A. G. M. de Castro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hemagglutination Inhibition ◽  
Statistical Correlation ◽  
Kappa Coefficient ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Initial Screening ◽  
Weak Correlation ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Avian Mycoplasmosis ◽  
Commercial Poultry

Avian mycoplasmosis causes great economic losses to the poultry industry, and one of the major agents involved isMycoplasma synovie(MS). Serum from commercial poultry breeders () was tested for MS by serum plate agglutination (SPA), hemagglutination inhibition (HI), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). From 2,781 samples tested, 736 (26.46%) were positive in SPA. From 712 SPA-positive sera, 30 samples (4.21%) were positive in HI, and 150 samples (21.06%) were positive in ELISA. Copositivity between ELISA and HI was 90%, and conegativity was 82.0%. Agreement between HI and ELISA was rejected by McNemar's test (), and Kappa coefficient showed a weak correlation between the two techniques (; ). Weak statistical correlation was observed between all serological tests (SPA, HI, and ELISA), and they should only be used for initial screening for MS.

scholarly journals Systematic Literature Review on Burden of Clostridioides difficile Infection in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 2632010X2110138
Author(s):  
Canna J Ghia ◽  
Shaumil Waghela ◽  
Gautam S Rambhad
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multiple Testing ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Antibiotic Usage ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
North India ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile ◽  
The Impact

Background: Owing to limited diagnostic facilities and surveillance protocols, there is a paucity on the prevalence data of Clostridioides difficile infections (CDIs) in developing countries such as India. Objective: The aims of these studies are (1) to determine the prevalence of CDI in India, (2) to understand the risk factors of CDI, and (3) to determine the impact of different diagnostic methods on reported CDI rates. Method: A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar database to identify Indian studies reporting the prevalence of CDI. A total of 31 studies, published between 1990 and 2020 were included in the final analysis. A chi-square test was used to determine statistically significant association between prevalence rates, accuracy of different diagnosis methods, and antibiotic usage rates of CDI. Results: The prevalence of CDI was in the range of 3.4% to 18%, and the difference between regional prevalence of CDI was statistically significant ( P < .001). The use of antibiotics, hospital stay, comorbidities, recent surgery, and the use of proton-pump inhibitors was considered as risk factors for the development of CDI. Compared to other regions, the rate of antibiotic usage was significantly higher in North India ( P < .001). Among different diagnostic methods, C. difficile detection was significantly higher with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (18.02%) versus other multiple testing methods used ( P < .001). Conclusion: There is a significant burden of CDI across the country. Further surveillance studies are required to monitor changes in prevalence of CDI, risk factors, and accuracy of diagnosis methods for a better understanding of the disease burden in India.

scholarly journals Identification of Strain-Specific Sequences That Distinguish a Mycoplasma gallisepticum Vaccine Strain from Field Isolates

2016 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 244-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camir Ricketts ◽  
Larissa Pickler ◽  
John Maurer ◽  
Saravanaraj Ayyampalayam ◽  
Maricarmen García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Strain ◽  
Reference Genome ◽  
Hypothetical Protein ◽  
Mycoplasma Gallisepticum ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Field Isolates ◽  
Avian Mycoplasmosis ◽  
A Cell

ABSTRACTDespite attempts to control avian mycoplasmosis through management, vaccination, and surveillance,Mycoplasma gallisepticumcontinues to cause significant morbidity, mortality, and economic losses in poultry production. Live attenuated vaccines are commonly used in the poultry industry to control avian mycoplasmosis; unfortunately, some vaccines may revert to virulence and vaccine strains are generally difficult to distinguish from natural field isolates. In order to identify genome differences among vaccine revertants, vaccine strains, and field isolates, whole-genome sequencing of theM. gallisepticumvaccine strain ts-11 and several “ts-11-like” strains isolated from commercial flocks was performed using Illumina and 454 pyrosequencing and the sequenced genomes compared to theM. gallisepticumRlowreference genome. The collective contigs for each strain were annotated using the fully annotatedMycoplasmareference genome. The analysis revealed genetic differences amongvlhAalleles, as well as among genes annotated as coding for a cell wall surface anchor protein (mg0377) and a hypothetical protein gene,mg0359, unique toM. gallisepticumts-11 vaccine strain. PCR protocols were designed to target 5 sequences unique to theM. gallisepticumts-11 strain:vlhA3.04a,vlhA3.04b,vlhA3.05,mg0377, andmg0359. All ts-11 isolates were positive for the five gene alleles tested by PCR; however, 5 to 36% of field isolates were also positive for at least one of the alleles tested. A combination of PCR tests forvlhA3.04a,vlhA3.05, andmg0359was able to distinguish theM. gallisepticumts-11 vaccine strain from field isolates. This method will further supplement current approaches to quickly distinguishM. gallisepticumvaccine strains from field isolates.

scholarly journals Expression and novel alternative purification of the recombinant nucleocapsid (N) protein of SARS-CoV-2 in Escherichia coli for the serodiagnosis of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose David Rosales ◽  
William Quintero ◽  
Jhon Cruz ◽  
Balbino Perdomo ◽  
Militza Quintero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Protein S ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Metal Exchange ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
N Protein ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Novel Strategy

The SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus causes severe acute respiratory syndrome and has caused a global pandemic by causing the COVID-19 disease. To monitor and control it, diagnostic methods such as molecular and serological tests are necessary. The serological approach use SARS-CoV-2 antigens to detect the antibodies present in patients using quantitative techniques such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or qualitative rapid tests such as lateral flow chromatography (RDT's). The main antigens used are the spike protein (S) and the nucleocapsid protein (N). Both proteins are obtained in different expression systems, in eukaryotic cells, their production is expensive, so in this work we chose a simpler and cheaper system such as prokaryotic to express and purify the N protein. Thereore, the nucleotide sequence had to being optimized to be expressed in Escherichia coli. The protein N is sensitive to E.coli proteases and also has the ability to self-proteolyze under native conditions, degrading into different fragments. However, under denaturing conditions, using urea and at pH 5.3 it is stable and efficiently purified using metal exchange chromatography (IMAC). In our purification strategy, we surprisingly found that by not using a sonicator, a homogeneous and time-stable preparation of the recombinant antigen is obtained. An approximate yield of 200 mg / L was obtained. It was then tested with healthy sera and sera from COVID-19 convalescent patients in Wester-blot tests that were able to recognize it. Our work provides a novel strategy to produce the SARS-CoV-2 protein N so that it can be used as an input in the development and innovation of serological tests in the diagnosis of COVID-19.

Validation of a chemiluminescent assay for specific SARS-CoV-2 antibody

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (8) ◽  
pp. 1357-1364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Tré-Hardy ◽  
Alain Wilmet ◽  
Ingrid Beukinga ◽  
Jean-Michel Dogné ◽  
Jonathan Douxfils ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Performance ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Elisa Method ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Economy Of Scale

AbstractObjectivesFaced with the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on the availability and quality of both therapeutic and diagnostic methods, the Belgian authorities have decided to launch a procedure for additional evaluation of the performance of serological tests offered for sale on the national territory. This has been proposed with a double aim: (1) an in-depth verification of the analytical and clinical performances presented by the manufacturer and (2) an economy of scale in terms of centralized validation for all the laboratories using the tests subject to evaluation.MethodsA retrospective validation study was conducted including the serum of 125 patients in order to determine the analytical and clinical performances of the LIAISON®SARS-CoV-2 from DiaSorin® detecting anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and to compare its clinical performance with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test from Euroimmun®, one of the first commercially available tests allowing the detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA and IgG.ResultsThe performances of the LIAISON®SARS-CoV-2 satisfied all the acceptance criteria and provided “real world” analytical and clinical performances very close to the ones reported by the manufacturer in its insert kit. Comparison between the LIAISON®SARS-CoV-2 and the ELISA method did not reveal any difference between the two techniques in terms of sensitivities and specificities regarding the determination of the IgG.ConclusionsThis study reports the validation of the LIAISON®SARS-CoV-2 allowing to detect IgG antibodies specifically directed against SARS-CoV-2. The analytical and clinical performances are excellent, and the automation of the test offers important rates, ideal for absorbing an extension of testing.

Field survey for strongyloidiasis in eastern Uganda with observations on efficacy of preventive chemotherapy and co-occurrence of soil-transmitted helminthiasis/intestinal schistosomiasis

2010 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.C. Sousa-Figueiredo ◽  
M. Day ◽  
M. Betson ◽  
C. Rowell ◽  
A. Wamboko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agar Plate ◽  
Strongyloides Stercoralis ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Preventive Chemotherapy ◽  
Geographical Patterns ◽  
Intestinal Schistosomiasis ◽  
Eastern Uganda

AbstractFollowing our previous field surveys for strongyloidiasis in western Uganda, 120 mothers and 232 children from four villages in eastern Uganda were examined, with two subsequent investigative follow-ups. As before, a variety of diagnostic methods were used: Baermann concentration, Koga agar plate and strongyloidid enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), as well as Kato–Katz faecal smears for detection of eggs of other helminths. At baseline, the general prevalence ofStrongyloides stercoraliswas moderate: 5.4% as estimated by Baermann and Koga agar methods combined. A much higher estimate was found by ELISA (42.3%) which, in this eastern setting, appeared to be confounded by putative cross-reaction(s) with other nematode infections. Preventive chemotherapy using praziquantel and albendazole was offered to all participants at baseline. After 21 days the first follow-up was conducted and ‘cure rates’ were calculated for all parasites encountered. Eleven months later, the second follow-up assessed longer-term trends. Initial treatments had little, if any, effect onS. stercoralis,and did not alter local prevalence, unlike hookworm infections and intestinal schistosomiasis. We propose that geographical patterns of strongyloidiasis are likely not perturbed by ongoing praziquantel/albendazole campaigns. Antibody titres increased after the first follow-up then regressed towards baseline levels upon second inspection. To better define endemic areas forS. stercoralis, careful interpretation of the ELISA is warranted, especially where diagnosis is likely being confounded by polyparasitism and/or other treatment regimens; new molecular screening tools are clearly needed.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of ovine brucellosis in the microregion of Teresina, Piauí, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Letícia Soares de Araújo Teixeira ◽  
Joilson Ferreira Batista ◽  
Pedro Henrique Fonseca Silva ◽  
Maria Luiza Lima Cordeiro ◽  
Raissa Costa Amorim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive System ◽  
Indirect Elisa ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Agar Gel ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
The Face

ABSTRACT: Among the diseases that affect the reproductive system of domestic animals, brucellosis in the sheep species is important because it generates significant economic losses to sheep rearing. Thus, it is a threat to the growth and productivity of sheep herds. In the face of this problem, the objective of the present research was to identify the prevalence of ovine brucellosis in herds in municipalities of the Teresina, Piauí, Brazil microregion by using the agar gel immunodiffusion assay (AGID) and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) serological tests. Fourteen municipalities were included in the research. Blood samples were collected from 521 pubescent animals by puncturing the jugular vein. After collection, the samples were submitted to the serological techniques, AGID and indirect ELISA, to detect anti B. ovis antibody. Of the 521 samples submitted to the AGIDtest, 23 (4.41%) were sera reagent and 498 (95.58%) negative. The indirect ELISA tests, 24 (4.61%) suspect samples and 497 (95.39%) negative samples were obtained, and there were no reagent animals in this test, only suspect. The seroprevalence of ovine brucellosis in the Teresina, Piauí microregion was 4.41%. Thus, it is possible to identify sheep with reagent serology to infection by B. ovis, that is present in municipalities in the state of Piauí, Brazil. Furthermore, AGIDwas shown to be more sensitive in detecting animals that had had contact with the etiological agent of the disease.

scholarly journals Animal Health in the Tropics

1996 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
M.R. Jainudeen ◽  
A. R. Sheikh-Omar
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
National Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Herd Health ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
The Tropics

Most developing countries in Africa and Asia are located in the tropics (23° north and south of the equator). The poor productivity of ruminants in these countries is mostly due to inadequate nutrition, infectious diseases, low rates of reproduction, poor genotype, high ambient temperatures and socioeconomic constraints. In addition to infectious diseases which have long since been eradicated or brought under control in developed countries, there are diseases unique to the tropical environment. In the past, the diagnosis of most diseases was based on serological tests. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), a rapid method of identifying viral and bacterial infections, is contributing to the eradication or control of most epidemic diseases which inflict high mortality. Less attention has; however, been given to subclinical diseases which adversely affect reproduction, growrh rates and reduced performance (draught power, milk and meat). The interaction of veterinary epidemiology and agricultural economics has helped epidemiologists and veterinarians to focus on the economic importance of animal diseases. The emerging trends in animal health include new diagnostic methods using DNA probes, new vaccines, sustainable parasite control schemes and herd health monitoring. The study of infectious diseases of veterinary importance will continue to he supported by modern techniques of molecular biology. Veterinary curricula should emphasis both animal health and production in the context of current national development occurring in the livestock sector.

scholarly journals Diagnosis of Mycoplasma pulmonis infection of rats by an indirect immunofluorescence test compared with 4 other diagnostic methods

1982 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Kraft ◽  
Barbara Meyer ◽  
A. Thunert ◽  
F. Deerberg ◽  
Sabine Rehm
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Immunofluorescence ◽  
Immunofluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Mycoplasma Pulmonis ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Indirect Immunofluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Routine Monitoring ◽  
Cultural Isolation ◽  
Disease Stages

Efficiency of indirect immunofluorescence microscopy (IFM) for detection of M. pulmonis antibody (IgG) in rats was compared with results of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), complement fixation (CF), cultural isolation and histopathology. IFM was carried out on M. pulmonis infected BHK-21 cells grown on cover slips or multitest slides. After acetone fixation these antigen carriers could be stored at -20°C for several months so that serological tests could be done at any time and completed within 2 h. The IFM was strain specific and the sensitivity of the test was comparable with that of the ELISA, whereas the CF-test proved to be very insensitive. For routine monitoring, only in cases of fresh infections should time consuming cultural procedures be preferred to serological tests. Chronic disease stages were readily detected by histological examination.

scholarly journals Epidemiological survey on Mycoplasma gallisepticum and M. synoviae by multiplex PCR in commercial poultry

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 552-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Roberto Buim ◽  
Elena Mettifogo ◽  
Jorge Timenetsky ◽  
Stanley Kleven ◽  
Antonio J. Piantino Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Mycoplasma Gallisepticum ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Joint Diseases ◽  
Respiratory Problems ◽  
Pcr Multiplex ◽  
Commercial Poultry

Mycoplasmas are important avian pathogens, which cause respiratory and joint diseases that result in large economic losses in Brazilian and world-wide poultry industry. This investigation regarding the main species of mycoplasmas, Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) and M. synoviae (MS), responsible for the above mentioned conditions, was carried out through PCR Multiplex analysis. One thousand and forty-six (1,046) samples of tracheal swabs and piped embryos were collected from 33 farms with laying hens, breeders, broilers or hatchery, located in the Brazilian states of São Paulo, Paraná and Pernambuco, where respiratory problems or drops in egg production had occurred. The MG and MS prevalence on the farms was 72.7%. These results indicated (1) high dissemination of mycoplasmas in the evaluated farms, with predominance of MS, either as single infectious agent or associated with other mycoplasmas in 20 farms (60.6%), and (2) an increase of MS and decrease of MG infection in Brazilian commercial poultry.

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