Pathological description of naturally occurring Mycoplasma bovis associated pneumonia in bovine calves

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pankaj Goswami ◽  
Harmanjit Sing Banga ◽  
Vishal Mahajan
Keyword(s):  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Mycoplasma Bovis ◽  
Molecular Technique ◽  
Associated Lesions ◽  
Bacterial Organism ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Immunohistological Staining ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
Chronic Bronchopneumonia

Mycoplasma bovis is an important etiologic agent of bovine respiratory infection and predominantly causing chronic pneumonic lesion. The present study encompassed standardized pathological, immunohistological and molecular technique for diagnosing natural bovine pneumonic cases with Mycoplasma bovis associated lesions. During the study, examination of 87 carcasses putatively died of pneumonia where Mycoplasma bovis was ascertained in two bovine female calves by immunohistological staining and Polymerase chain reaction. The specific pathological lesions were noted as chronic bronchopneumonia with mild to moderate caseonecrotic lesion and suppurative bronchopneumonia typical of Pasteurella infection. The other bacterial organism associated with these cases was found to be of Pasteurella multocida detected on isolation. No viral etiological association was detected in immunohistological examination in respect of bovine parainfluenza type 3, bovine respiratory syncytial virus and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus. The result also revealed that M bovis infection may develop into a severe necrosuppurative bronchopneumonia when associated with high numbers of intralesional organism and into mild catarrhal bronchointerstitial pneumonia when associated with low numbers of organism.

scholarly journals Fatal Calf Pneumonia Outbreaks in Italian Dairy Herds Involving Mycoplasma bovis and Other Agents of BRD Complex

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Fanelli ◽  
Margie Cirilli ◽  
Maria Stella Lucente ◽  
Aya Attia Koraney Zarea ◽  
Domenico Buonavoglia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Single Agent ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Mycoplasma Bovis ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Histophilus Somni ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Mycoplasma bovis is increasingly recognized worldwide as an important cause of disease with major welfare and production impairments on cattle rearing. Although it was detected in veal calves and beef cattle, little is known on the infection impact and on its temporal morbidity pattern in Italian dairy herds. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the involvement of M. bovis on fatal calf pneumonia outbreaks that occurred during 2009–2019 in 64 Italian dairy farms. Furthermore, a deeper diagnostic workup of concurrent infection with other viral and bacterial respiratory pathogens was assessed. Out of the investigated fatal pneumonia cases, M. bovis was frequently detected (animal prevalence, 16.16%; 95%CI, 11.82–21.33; herd prevalence, 26.56; 95%CI, 16.29–39.08) either as the single agent of the disease in more than half of the positive samples (20/37) or in concurrent infections with Histophilus somni (9/37, 24.3%), Mannheimia haemolytica (6/37, 16.621%), Trueperella pyogenes (1/37, 2.70%), Pasteurella multocida (1/37, 2.70%), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (5/37, 13.51%), and bovine viral diarrhea virus (2/37, 5.55%). Based on time-series analysis, M. bovis was recorded in the area since 2009 with outbreaks displaying a clear morbidity seasonal pattern with peaks in April (43.21%) and in September (13.51%). This might be due to the stressing conditions during spring and late summer periods. Results of this study highlight that M. bovis infection warrants consideration, and control measures are needed given its involvement in lethal pneumonia outbreaks in dairy herds from an extended area.

scholarly journals Enhanced Neutralizing Antibody Response Induced by Respiratory Syncytial Virus Prefusion F Protein Expressed by a Vaccine Candidate

2015 ◽  
Vol 89 (18) ◽  
pp. 9499-9510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Liang ◽  
Sonja Surman ◽  
Emerito Amaro-Carambot ◽  
Barbora Kabatova ◽  
Natalie Mackow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Clinical Evaluation ◽  
Genetic Stability ◽  
Vaccine Candidate ◽  
Early Passage ◽  
F Protein ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Human Parainfluenza Virus ◽  
Type 3

ABSTRACTRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human parainfluenza virus type 3 (HPIV3) are the first and second leading viral agents of severe respiratory tract disease in infants and young children worldwide. Vaccines are not available, and an RSV vaccine is particularly needed. A live attenuated chimeric recombinant bovine/human PIV3 (rB/HPIV3) vector expressing the RSV fusion (F) glycoprotein from an added gene has been under development as a bivalent vaccine against RSV and HPIV3. Previous clinical evaluation of this vaccine candidate suggested that increased genetic stability and immunogenicity of the RSV F insert were needed. This was investigated in the present study. RSV F expression was enhanced 5-fold by codon optimization and by modifying the amino acid sequence to be identical to that of an early passage of the original clinical isolate. This conferred a hypofusogenic phenotype that presumably reflects the original isolate. We then compared vectors expressing stabilized prefusion and postfusion versions of RSV F. In a hamster model, prefusion F induced increased quantity and quality of RSV-neutralizing serum antibodies and increased protection against wild-type (wt) RSV challenge. In contrast, a vector expressing the postfusion F was less immunogenic and protective. The genetic stability of the RSV F insert was high and was not affected by enhanced expression or the prefusion or postfusion conformation of RSV F. These studies provide an improved version of the previously well-tolerated rB/HPIV3-RSV F vaccine candidate that induces a superior RSV-neutralizing serum antibody response.IMPORTANCERespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human parainfluenza virus type 3 (HPIV3) are two major causes of pediatric pneumonia and bronchiolitis. The rB/HPIV3 vector expressing RSV F protein is a candidate bivalent live vaccine against HPIV3 and RSV. Previous clinical evaluation indicated the need to increase the immunogenicity and genetic stability of the RSV F insert. Here, we increased RSV F expression by codon optimization and by modifying the RSV F amino acid sequence to conform to that of an early passage of the original isolate. This resulted in a hypofusogenic phenotype, which likely represents the original phenotype before adaptation to cell culture. We also included stabilized versions of prefusion and postfusion RSV F protein. Prefusion RSV F induced a larger quantity and higher quality of RSV-neutralizing serum antibodies and was highly protective. This provides an improved candidate for further clinical evaluation.

scholarly journals Evolution of the Seroprevalence of Pestivirus and Respiratory Viral Infections in Spanish Feedlot Lambs

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
Teresa Navarro ◽  
Aurora Ortín ◽  
Oscar Cabezón ◽  
Marcelo De Las Heras ◽  
Delia Lacasta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infections ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Herpesvirus Type ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus Type 1 ◽  
Feedlot Lambs ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
Bovine Parainfluenza Virus

The presence of respiratory viruses and pestiviruses in sheep has been widely demonstrated, and their ability to cause injury and predispose to respiratory processes have been proven experimentally. A longitudinal observational study was performed to determine the seroprevalence of bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (BPIV-3), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1) and pestiviruses in 120 lambs at the beginning and the end of the fattening period. During this time, the animals were clinically monitored, their growth was recorded, and post-mortem examinations were performed in order to identify the presence of pneumonic lesions in the animals. Seroconversion to all viruses tested except BHV-1 was detected at the end of the period. Initially, BPIV-3 antibodies were the most frequently found, while the most common seroconversion through the analysed period occurred to BRSV. Only 10.8% of the lambs showed no detectable levels of antibodies against any of the tested viruses at the end of the survey. In addition, no statistical differences were found in the presentation of respiratory clinical signs, pneumonic lesions nor in the production performance between lambs that seroconverted and those which did not, except in the case of pestiviruses. The seroconversion to pestiviruses was associated with a reduction in the final weight of the lambs.

Bovine respiratory disease research (1983–2009)

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Fulton
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Viral Vectors ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
T Cell Subsets ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
New Antibiotics ◽  
Syncytial Virus

AbstractBovine respiratory disease (BRD) research has provided significant understanding of the disease over the past 26 years. Modern research tools that have been used include monoclonal antibodies, genomics, polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry (IHC), DNA vaccines and viral vectors coding for immunogens. Emerging/reemerging viruses and new antigenic strains of viruses and bacteria have been identified. Methods of detection and the role for cattle persistently infected bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) were identified; viral subunits, cellular components and bacterial products have been characterized. Product advances have included vaccines for bovine respiratory syncytial virus, Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida; the addition of BVDV2 to the existing vaccines and new antibiotics. The role of Mycoplasma spp., particularly Mycoplasma bovis in BRD, has been more extensively studied. Bovine immunology research has provided more specific information on immune responses, T cell subsets and cytokines. The molecular and genetic basis for viral–bacterial synergy in BRD has been described. Attempts have been made to document how prevention of BRD by proper vaccination and management prior to exposure to infectious agents can minimize disease and serve as economic incentives for certified health programs.

Detección de Pasteurella multocida, Mannhemia haemolytica, Histophilus somni y Mycoplasma bovis en pulmón de bovinos

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 710-720
Author(s):  
Seyda Cengiz ◽  
M. Cemal Adıgüzel ◽  
Gökçen Dinç
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Positive Sample ◽  
Mycoplasma Bovis ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogens ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
Histophilus Somni ◽  
Healthy Cattle ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Molecular Evaluation

In this study, it was aimed to determine of P. multocida, M. haemolytica, H. somni and M. bovis in macroscopically healthy cattle lungs by PCR. The study was carried out on 82 macroscopically healthy cattle lung. DNA extraction was performed to the lung samples. PCR was then performed using all specific primers. By molecular evaluation, positive results  were achieved for  P. multocida,  M. haemolytica,  H. somni and  M. bovis in 4 (4.8 %), 4 (4.8 %), 6 (7.3 %) and 3 (3.6 %) of the samples, respectively. Mix infections were detected in five samples. Of the samples, two were positive for both P. multocida and M. haemolytica, two were positive for both M. haemolytica and H. somni and one was positive for both P. multocida and H. somni. However, a positive sample, which carried all of pathogens, was not detected. In conclusion, P. multocida, M. haemolytica, H. somni and M. bovis are the important opportunistic pathogens of respiratory tract in cattle and these pathogens have a major role during infections. But multifactorial nature of bovine respiratory disease and immune system affected the formation of the disease. Hence, firstly cattle’s immunity should be strengthened and other conditions should be kept under control.

scholarly journals Adenovirus, parainfluenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus antibodies in the sera of Jamaicans

1972 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 523-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy Jennings
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
High Titre ◽  
Parainfluenza Virus ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Type 3

SUMMARYSurveys for respiratory virus antibodies in the Jamaican population have shown that adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza types 1 and 3 virus antibodies are acquired early in life. The incidence of haemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies to parainfluonza viruses increases rapidly with age and almost all adults possess parainfluenza type 3 antibody, usually in high titre. Parainfluenza type 1 antibodies are only slightly less common. Complement-fixing antibodies to the adenovirus group were also observed to increase in incidence with age.Complement-fixing antibody to respiratory syncytial virus was less common in Jamaican sera than antibody to the other respiratory viruses described here. The highest titres were observed in the youngest age-group.

scholarly journals A Prototype Recombinant Vaccine Against Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Parainfluenza Virus Type 3

1994 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 813-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Run-Pan Du ◽  
Gail E. D. Jackson ◽  
Philip R. Wyde ◽  
Wei-Yao Yan ◽  
Qijun Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Recombinant Vaccine ◽  
Parainfluenza Virus ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Type 3
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