Preparation of Cowslips from Rubber Wastes to Protect the Hoof of Animals - An Innovative Approach

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Dhoolappa ◽  
R V Prasad ◽  
K T Lakshmishree ◽  
S Sundareshanp ◽  
B U Umesh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Size Range ◽  
Ecological Impact ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Range Data ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Welfare Issue ◽  
Dairy Animals ◽  
Dairy Animal ◽  
Average Body

In dairy animals, lameness due to hoof and leg ailments is one of the major managemental problems which often results due to improper shoeing. It causes economic losses to the farmer and is also an important animal welfare issue. The main objective of the study was to design and develop affordable and durable Cowslips (rubberized shoes) for dairy animals to protect the hoof from injuries. The size range of the hooves was determined by measuring different hoof parameters on 46 dairy cows maintained at the institutional dairy farm. Based on the size-range data obtained, we designed and developed Cowslip of different sizes (small, medium and large) by using used rubber tyre wastes with the aim of withstanding an average body weight of the dairy animal (400-550 kg). Rubberized Cowslips prepared in the present study were evaluated for their retention periods and compared with the imported Cowslip devices. Rubberised Cowslip was found to be equally comparable with the commercial Cowslip in its efficiency and high affordability. These Cowslips will be helpful for the dairy farmers as a preventive device in the effective management of lame animals under field conditions. The data generated on morphometry of hoof would serve as a baseline data for designing indigenous Cowslips. Thus, effectively utilizing rubber obtained from scrap automobile tyre is not only beneficial in terms of cost reduction but has also the less ecological impact in keeping the environment clean and to achieve the better balance of natural resources.

scholarly journals Economic Losses due to Subclinical Mastitis in Dairy Animals: A Study in Bidar District of Karnataka

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Prakashkumar Rathod ◽  
Shivamurty V. ◽  
Anant Rao Desai
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Watershed Development ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Dairy Animals ◽  
Development Department

A total of 421 pooled milk samples from zebu/ desi cows, crossbred cows and buffaloes were screened to study the incidence rate and economic losses due to subclinical mastitis (SCM) in 10 villages of two blocks under the World Bank funded, Karnataka watershed Development Department sponsored - Sujala III project during last two years. Nine out of 421 samples (2.13%) were found positive for SCM by CMT. The economic losses due to subclinical form of mastitis were estimated in the range of INR 21,677/- to INR 88,340/- pre animal for a lactation period. The study found that incidence of SCM was also related to managemental practices followed by dairy farmers.

scholarly journals Etiology of Bovine Mastitis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shoaib ◽  
Amjad Islam Aqib ◽  
Muhammad Aamir Naseer ◽  
Zeeshan Ahmad Bhutta ◽  
Wanxia PU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Dairy Animals ◽  
Environmental Pathogens ◽  
Mastitis Pathogens

Mastitis in dairy animals is the primary concern of dairy farmers, which is the most common disease that causes huge economic losses in the dairy industry. The economic losses due to mastitis are from a reduction in milk yield, condemnation of milk with antibiotic residues, veterinary treatment costs, and death. In addition, some mastitis pathogens also cause serious human diseases associated with the contamination of milk or milk products with bacteria or their toxins. Bovine mastitis is mainly caused by a wide range of environmental and contagious bacterial mastitis pathogens. Contagious pathogens are those whose main reservoir is the infected udder. Contagious pathogens mainly spread among animals during milking process whereas environmental pathogens spread from environment to udder at any time. The source of the environmental pathogens is the surrounding environment of an animal. The major contagious pathogens include Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Mycoplasma spp. and the minor contagious pathogens include Corynebacterium bovis and others. Major environmental pathogens include coliform bacteria (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp. and Citrobacter spp.), environmental streptococci (Strep. dysgalactiae, Strep. uberis). This chapter covers detailed review of published data on contagious and environmental pathogens responsible for bovine mastitis.

Measuring the cost of environmental compliance for Waikato dairy farmers - a survey approach

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 ◽  
pp. 159-166
Author(s):  
T.O.R. Macdonald ◽  
J.S. Rowarth ◽  
F.G. Scrimgeour
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Environmental Compliance ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
The Past ◽  
Farm Systems ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Farm System ◽  
Survey Approach

The link between dairy farm systems and cost of environmental compliance is not always clear. A survey of Waikato dairy farmers was conducted to establish the real (non-modelled) cost of compliance with environmental regulation in the region. Quantitative and qualitative data were gathered to improve understanding of compliance costs and implementation issues for a range of Waikato farm systems. The average oneoff capital cost of compliance determined through a survey approach was $1.02 per kg milksolids, $1490 per hectare and $403 per cow. Costs experienced by Waikato farmers have exceeded average economic farm surplus for the region in the past 5 years. As regulation increases there are efficiencies to be gained through implementing farm infrastructure and farm management practice to best match farm system intensity. Keywords: Dairy, compliance, farm systems, nitrogen, Waikato

Adoption and Commercialization of Green Corn, Green Corn –Based Silage, Haylage and Ummb Production for Dairy Cattle in Cagayan Valley, Philippines

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 82-92
Author(s):  
Eva U. Cammayo ◽  
Nilo E. Padilla
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Feed Resources ◽  
Dry Spell ◽  
Dairy Animals

This research aimed to improve dairy production and increase the income of dairy farmers using locally available feed resources. Small-scale milk producers rely heavily on available feed resources in the locality which are either indigenous in the area or introduced species for feed and nutrition of their dairy cattle and buffalos. Their milk output depends mainly on seasonal fluctuations in the quality and quantity of natural forage. Crop residues such as corn stover and rice straw which are high in fiber but low in nutrients serve as a feed supplement and filler to the daily diets of dairy cattle and buffalos. Cagayan Valley is an ear of top corn and rice-producing region. The potential of crop residues as feed supplements or raw materials of dairy cattle/buffalo feed mix is great. But dairy farmers still face the scarcity problem of quality feed resources for dairy animals especially during the dry season. The supply of forage is very low during the dry spell. Inadequate feed mix and low nutritive value of feed mix result in low or no milk production. Producing green corn and ensiling it to produce green corn silage preserves and prolong the storage life of forages. In this way, a stable supply of feed mix for dairy animals is assured year-round. Type of Paper: Empirical. Keywords: adoption and commercialization, dairy industry, financial viability, green-corn silage production, indigenous grasses, smallholder farmers.

scholarly journals Association of Livestock Ownership and Household Dietary Quality: Results from a Cross-Sectional Survey from Rural India

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 6060
Author(s):  
Adithya Pradyumna ◽  
Mirko S. Winkler ◽  
Jürg Utzinger ◽  
Andrea Farnham
Keyword(s):  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Milk Consumption ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dairy Animals ◽  
Livestock Ownership ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Dairy Animal

Studies from India and several eastern African countries found that the impact of dairy animal ownership on household nutrition varied greatly, depending on the socio-geographic context. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between livestock ownership and household dietary quality in rural Kolar district, India. We collected data from a household survey in four study villages (n = all 195 households of the four villages) of Kolar district, applying a cross-sectional design. Kendall’s rank correlation coefficient was employed to determine the correlation between milk consumption and other dietary variables. Multivariable logistic regression was used to describe the relationship between dairy animal ownership and household milk consumption. Households owning dairy animals more often had access to irrigation (58.3% vs. 25.2%) and were less often woman-headed (2.4% vs. 22.5%). Household milk consumption was significantly correlated with consumption of vegetable variety, egg, and meat (all p-values < 0.05). After adjusting for multiple confounders, the odds ratio of milk consumption between dairy animal-owning households as compared to other households was 2.11 (95% confidence interval 0.85, 5.45). While dairy animal ownership was found to be associated with improved dietary quality, larger households were in a better position to adopt dairy animals, which, in turn, might contribute to better household nutrition.

scholarly journals Fasting, food and farming: Value chains and food taboos in Ethiopia

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0259982
Author(s):  
Eline D’Haene ◽  
Senne Vandevelde ◽  
Bart Minten
Keyword(s):  
Poor Performance ◽  
Annual Number ◽  
Milk Consumption ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Food Taboos ◽  
Dairy Consumption ◽  
Dairy Animals ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Religious Fasting

The impact of food taboos–often because of religion–is understudied. In Ethiopia, religious fasting by Orthodox Christians is assumed to be an important impediment for the sustainable development of a competitive dairy sector and desired higher milk consumption, especially by children. However, evidence is limited. Relying on unique data, we shed light on three major issues. First, we observe that the average annual number of fasting days that Orthodox adults are effectively adhering to is 140, less than commonly cited averages. Using this as an estimate for extrapolation, fasting is estimated to reduce annual dairy consumption by approximately 12 percent nationally. Second, farms adapt to declining milk demand during fasting by increased processing of milk into storable products–fasting contributes to larger price swings for these products. We further note continued sales of milk by non-remote farmers and reduced production–by adjusting lactation times for dairy animals–for remote farmers. Third, fasting is mostly associated with increased milk consumption by the children of dairy farmers, seemingly because of excess milk availability during fasting periods. Our results suggest that fasting habits are not a major explanation for the observed poor performance of Ethiopia’s dairy sector nor low milk consumption by children. To reduce the impact of fasting on the dairy sector in Ethiopia further, investment is called for in improved milk processing, storage, and infrastructure facilities.

scholarly journals Still ‘dairy farm fever’? A Bayesian model for leptospirosis notification data in New Zealand

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (175) ◽  
pp. 20200964
Author(s):  
Jackie Benschop ◽  
Shahista Nisa ◽  
Simon E. F. Spencer
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Public Health Surveillance ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Nucleic Acid Detection ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Occupational Groups ◽  
Specific Occupation ◽  
Health Surveillance Data ◽  
Notification Data ◽  
Important Evidence

Routinely collected public health surveillance data are often partially complete, yet remain a useful source by which to monitor incidence and track progress during disease intervention. In the 1970s, leptospirosis in New Zealand (NZ) was known as ‘dairy farm fever’ and the disease was frequently associated with serovars Hardjo and Pomona. To reduce infection, interventions such as vaccination of dairy cattle with these two serovars was implemented. These interventions have been associated with significant reduction in leptospirosis incidence, however, livestock-based occupations continue to predominate notifications. In recent years, diagnosis is increasingly made by nucleic acid detection which currently does not provide serovar information. Serovar information can assist in linking the recognized maintenance host, such as livestock and wildlife, to infecting serovars in human cases which can feed back into the design of intervention strategies. In this study, confirmed and probable leptospirosis notification data from 1 January 1999 to 31 December 2016 were used to build a model to impute the number of cases from different occupational groups based on serovar and month of occurrence. We imputed missing occupation and serovar data within a Bayesian framework assuming a Poisson process for the occurrence of notified cases. The dataset contained 1430 notified cases, of which 927 had a specific occupation (181 dairy farmers, 45 dry stock farmers, 454 meatworkers, 247 other) while the remaining 503 had non-specified occupations. Of the 1430 cases, 1036 had specified serovars (231 Ballum, 460 Hardjo, 249 Pomona, 96 Tarassovi) while the remaining 394 had an unknown serovar. Thus, 47% (674/1430) of observations had both a serovar and a specific occupation. The results show that although all occupations have some degree of under-reporting, dry stock farmers were most strongly affected and were inferred to contribute as many cases as dairy farmers to the burden of disease, despite dairy farmer being recorded much more frequently. Rather than discard records with some missingness, we have illustrated how mathematical modelling can be used to leverage information from these partially complete cases. Our finding provides important evidence for reassessing the current minimal use of animal vaccinations in dry stock. Improving the capture of specific farming type in case report forms is an important next step.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Economic Impacts of Regional Milk Pricing Authorities: The Case of Dairy Compacts

2000 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth W. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Class I ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Compact Region ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Economic Tradeoffs

Congress consented to the creation of the Northeast Interstate Dairy Compact in the 1996 Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act. Interest is now growing in expanding this compact and creating new multi-regional dairy compacts. Dairy compacts provide a floor for Class I fluid prices and thus stabilize and enhance farm milk prices in compact regions. This analysis indicates that multi-regional dairy compacts will result in clear economic tradeoffs between dairy farmers, processors, retailers, and consumers. While dairy farmers within the compact region may economically benefit from higher farm milk prices, processors, retailers and consumers in the compact region and dairy farmers outside the compact region will face economic losses.

scholarly journals The Potential Analysis of Dairy Cattle Farm Development at Dairy Farmer Group in West Ungaran District, Semarang Region

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 128
Author(s):  
Iven Patu Sirappa ◽  
Sunarso Sunarso ◽  
Marthen P. Sirappa
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
The West ◽  
Cattle Farm ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Development Analysis

The objective of the study was to determine the potency of dairy cattle development, famers income, factors influencing the income of dairy farmers in the West Ungaran District. This study was conducted from February to April 2016. The determination of the sample villages was using purposive based Livestock Farmer Group (LFG) and the total population of dairy cattle. Further, respondents were determined by using census method for 47 people; those were 13 respondents of “Mardi Mulyo” LFG members, 7 respondents of “Sumber Hasil” LFG members, and 27 respondents of “Ngudi Makmur” LFG members. This study used regression, and SWOT analysis. The results of this study showed the multiple regression analysis showed that milk production significantly influences the income of dairy farmers. Farmers income in “Mardi Mulyo”, “Sumber Hasil” and “Ngudi Makmur” group in a row during one month arrived at IDR 703,292/had, IDR 2.157.250/had and IDR 1,649,395/had, respectively. In addition, SWOT analysis showed a total score of internal and external scores of 3.61 and 2.73. Based on the results of business development analysis of dairy cattle in West Ungaran District, it could be concluded that the dairy farm in category IV, stability strategy and coordinate points are in quadrant IV.

Factors affecting the preference of bovine by dairy farmersin the South-Bihar Alluvial Plain Zone

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjeev Kumar ◽  
Ritu Chakravarty ◽  
A. K. Chakravarty ◽  
Mukesh Bhakat ◽  
Niketha L. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influencing Factor ◽  
Economic Factor ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Alluvial Plain ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Governmental Support ◽  
Technical Factors ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Dairy Animal

Dairy farmers bear the flagship of the mammoth total of milk production, therefore, their preference for the bovine which includes cattle and buffalo, must be counted. The liking or preference is affected by a range of factors. Bovine preference can be referred to as the greater liking for one dairy animal over another or other dairy animal. This includes certain major factors as economic, climatic, animal or bovine trait, marketing, governmental support, traditional aspects, technical support, infrastructure and so on. For the study, South-Bihar Alluvial Plain Zone was selected purposefully from where two districts and under each district, two blocks and from each block two villages were selected randomly. From each village, twenty respondents were selected randomly, which constitute the total sample size of 160 respondents. The study, revealed that economic factor was found to be most (92.7 %) influencing factor and ranked 1st among various factors followed by climatic factor (92.3 %) ranked 2nd, marketing factor (91.8 %) ranked 3rd, trait factor (85.6%) ranked 4th, governmental factors (78.5 %) ranked 5th, traditional factors (76.9 %) ranked 6th, technical factors (74.4 %) ranked 7th , infrastructural factor (70.1 %) ranked 8th, socio-psychological factor (61.7 %) ranked 9th and NGOs factor (60.4 %) ranked 10th among above said factors.

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