scholarly journals Economic Losses due to Subclinical Mastitis in Dairy Animals: A Study in Bidar District of Karnataka

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Prakashkumar Rathod ◽  
Shivamurty V. ◽  
Anant Rao Desai
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Watershed Development ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Dairy Animals ◽  
Development Department

A total of 421 pooled milk samples from zebu/ desi cows, crossbred cows and buffaloes were screened to study the incidence rate and economic losses due to subclinical mastitis (SCM) in 10 villages of two blocks under the World Bank funded, Karnataka watershed Development Department sponsored - Sujala III project during last two years. Nine out of 421 samples (2.13%) were found positive for SCM by CMT. The economic losses due to subclinical form of mastitis were estimated in the range of INR 21,677/- to INR 88,340/- pre animal for a lactation period. The study found that incidence of SCM was also related to managemental practices followed by dairy farmers.

scholarly journals Microbiological analysis and sensitivity profile of Staphylococcus spp. in subclinical mastitis of dairy goats

2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 336-344
Author(s):  
S.R.S. Salaberry ◽  
A.B.S. Saidenberg ◽  
E. Zuniga ◽  
F.F. Gonsales ◽  
P.A. Melville ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp ◽  
Sensitivity Profile

Subclinical mastitis in goats causes economic losses and risks to public health. Given the need for research that shows the most isolated staphylococci species and sensibility tests comparing the resistance between coagulase-negative (CNS) and positive Staphylococcus (CPS) goats with subclinical mastitis, the aim of this study was to identify the microorganisms isolated from milk samples of goats with subclinical mastitis, as well as define the staphylococci species and determine the sensitivity profile of Staphylococcus spp. to antimicrobials. To collect samples, tests were performed for mug of black background and California mastitis test (CMT), collecting milk from CMT positive animals. A total of 226 samples from seven herds of dairy goats was collected and forwarded to the laboratory, where they were seeded for the isolation of the microorganism and implementing the antibiotic sensibility test. Of these, 122 samples had bacterial growth and the most isolated staphylococci species were: S. epidermidis (24.55%), S. lugdunensis (15.40%) and S. intermedius (13.64%). Samples showed increased resistance to antimicrobials: penicillin (81.8%), oxacillin (60.0%) and ampicillin (55.5%). Greater sensitivity to: enrofloxacin (99.1%), erythromycin (98.2%), gentamicin (98.2%) and vancomycin (98.2%) were observed. The S. epidermidis showed higher antimicrobial resistance to amoxicillin and penicillin than S. lugdunensis and S. intermedius. Similar resistance in vitro between CNS and CPS was observed to most antimicrobials. It is important to control the overuse of antibiotics to prevent the emergence of resistant strains.

scholarly journals Prevalence, Etiology, and Risk Factors of Mastitis in Dairy Cattle in Embu and Kajiado Counties, Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Christine M. Mbindyo ◽  
George C. Gitao ◽  
Charles M. Mulei
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Milk Samples

Bovine mastitis continues to be a leading cause of heavy economic losses in the dairy industry and a public health hazard globally. This cross-sectional study investigated the prevalence, etiologies of clinical and subclinical mastitis, and associated predisposing factors in Embu and Kajiado counties in Kenya. A semistructured questionnaire was administered to 154 smallholder dairy farmers to collect data on management practices, animal factors, and disease history. A total of 395 dairy cows were initially screened for subclinical mastitis using the California mastitis test (CMT), and milk samples were aseptically collected. Both CMT positive and CMT negative samples were analyzed using conventional bacteriological isolation and identification procedures. In the present study, the overall prevalence of mastitis based on CMT and clinical examination was 80% (316/395), out of which 6.8% (27/395) was clinical mastitis, while 73.1% (289/395) was subclinical mastitis. Based on culture, the overall prevalence of clinical and subclinical mastitis was 51.6% (815/1580), 74.4% (294/395), and 76.6% (118/154) at the quarter, cow, and farm level, respectively. From the 1574 milk samples analyzed by cultured, 1016 bacteria were yielded. The predominant bacteria were coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CNS), 42.8% (435/1016), and in decreasing order, Streptococcus species, 22.2% (226/1016), Staphylococcus aureus, 15.7% (160/1016), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 5.1% (52/1016), and the least was Enterobacter species, 0.7% (7/1016), while 23.7% of the sample yielded no bacterial growth. Risk factor analysis revealed that milking mastitic cows last (p=0.002), using a clean udder drying towel for each cow (p=0.033) and previous history of mastitis (p=0.046) were significantly associated with presence of mastitis. The current study has shown a relatively high prevalence of subclinical mastitis with CNS as predominant bacteria. Therefore, control measures are urgently warranted. Management factors such as milking mastitic cows last, using a clean towel for udder drying for each cow, and culling mastitic cows should be considered and included in the Kenyan mastitis control programs.

scholarly journals The Slime Production by Yeasts Isolated from Subclinical Mastitic Cows

2010 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 581-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Süheyla Türkyılmaz ◽  
Seyhan Kaynarca
Keyword(s):  
Congo Red ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Cryptococcus Laurentii ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Slime Production ◽  
Total Milk ◽  
Infusion Agar

The aim of this study was to isolate yeasts from subclinical mastitic cows and to investigate the slime production by the isolated yeasts. The material used in this study included 339 milk samples from 152 dairy cattle with subclinical mastitis.Milk wasplated onto blood agar, MacConkey agar and Sabouraud dextrose agar. Forty-onesamples (12.1% of total milk samples) were found positive for the yeast by API 20 C AUX identification system. The isolated yeasts were classified into four genera ofCandida, Trichosporon, CryptococcusandSaccharomyces.TheCandidaspecies were following:C. krusei,C. kefyr,C. guilliermondii,C. famata,C. rugosaandC. utulis. Other yeasts were identified asTrichosporon mucoides,T. asahii,Cryptococcus laurentii,C.  neoformansandSaccharomyces cerevisiae. Slime production was tested on Congo red brain heart infusion agar and evaluated according to Congo red phenomenon. Fifteen (36.6%) strains were slime factor positive: seven wereC. krusei, fourC. kefyr, oneC. guilliermondii, oneC. famata, oneT. asahii, and oneC. laurentii. The results of the present study indicate that yeast mastitis is significant for causing economic losses and slime production is mostly found in non-albicans Candidaspecies. Therefore, non-albicans Candidaspecies should be examined for slime production.

scholarly journals Staphylococcus aureus isolates from bovine subclinical mastitis in central Ethiopia revealed the presence of antimicrobial resistance and resistant genes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desiye Tesfaye Tegegne ◽  
Gezahegne Mamo ◽  
Hika Waktole ◽  
Gebrerufael Girmay
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Central Ethiopia ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows

Abstract Background: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the predominant causative agents of mastitis disease in dairy herds. Mastitis disease has a negative impact in the economic losses in the dairy sector across the globe. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence and detect antimicrobial resistance genes in the Staphylococcus aureus isolated from milk samples of subclinical bovine mastitis in Central Ethiopia.Methods: A total of 265 lactating dairy cows from various dairy farms in four different geographical locations were screened by California mastitis test (CMT) for bovine subclinical mastitis. One-hundred thirty CMT positive milk samples were collected and transported to laboratory. Different biochemical tests and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used for the identification of S. aureus isolates. Finally, phenotypic and genotypic methods were performed for detection of some antimicrobial resistance patterns and genes (mecA, ermA, ermC, and msrA), respectively. Results: From total of 265 lactating dairy cows screened, 49% (n=130) were positive for bovine subclinical mastitis. One-hundred thirty mastitic milk samples were subjected to bacterial culturing, one hundred (76%) S. aureus isolates were identified based on phenotypic characters. Sixty-eight confirmed S. aureus isolates were obtained using PCR. Of the sixty-eight isolates tested 12 samples were contained the methicillin resistance gene A (mecA). No amplification was observed for the erythromycin resistance genes (ermA, ermC, and msrA). Conclusion: The high resistance of Staphylococcus aureus to commonly used antimicrobials contribute in dairy farms may cause health problems in the community consuming raw milk purchased from these farms.

scholarly journals Camel Mastitis: Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Isolation of Major Bacterial Pathogens in Gomole District of Borena Zone, Southern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Minda Asfaw Geresu ◽  
Shubisa Abera Leliso ◽  
Galma Wako Liben
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Dromedary Camel ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Dairy Animals

As of other dairy animals, dromedary camel could be affected by mastitis, a complex disease occurring worldwide among dairy animals, with heavy economic losses largely due to clinical and subclinical mastitis. Yet, little is known about the occurrence and potential risk factors exposing to lactating camel mastitis in Ethiopia. Consequently, a cross-sectional study was carried out from November 2018 to April 2019 so as to determine the prevalence, associated risk factors, and major bacterial pathogens causing mastitis in traditionally managed lactating camels in Gomole district of Borena Zone. Consequently, 348 lactating camels were examined for clinical and subclinical mastitis, using California Mastitis Test (CMT). The overall prevalence of mastitis was 22.4% (78/348), including clinical 4.3% (15/348) and subclinical 18.1% (63/348) cases, respectively, whereas the quarter level prevalence of mastitis was 16.6% (232/1,392). Of the total 1,392 examined teats, the right hind (RHQ) (4.3%, 60/1392) and left hind quarters (LHQ) (4.3%, 60/1392) were the most frequently infected quarter, whereas the left front quarter (LFQ) (3.9%, 55/1392) was the least infected quarter. Age, body condition score, and lactation stages were significantly associated ( p < 0.05 ) with lactating camel mastitis prevalence among the putative risk factors. Among 312 quarters milk samples subjected to bacteriological examination, 69.9% (218/312) yielded mastitis causing pathogens, both Gram-positive and -negative bacterial isolates, while no growth was observed in 30.1% (94/312) of quarters sampled. Of the bacterial isolates obtained by culturing, Streptococcus spp. excluding Streptococcus agalactiae (S. agalactiae) (26.1%; 57/218) and Coagulase negative Staphylococci (22.9%, 50/218) were the dominant isolates identified, whereas S. agalactiae (3.2%, 7/218) was the least isolates obtained. The prevalence of camel mastitis in the study area was found to be considerably high. Hence, implementation of integrated approaches has great importance in the study setting for the prevention and control of mastitis so as to improve quality of camel milk, minimize economic loss, and prevent significant public health risks.

scholarly journals Genes conferring anti­microbial resistance in cattle with subclinical mastitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-85
Author(s):  
N. H. Youssif ◽  
N. M. Hafiz ◽  
M. A. Halawa ◽  
H. M. Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Dairy Animals ◽  
Susceptibility Tests ◽  
Moderate Resistance

This study was carried out to evaluate the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) as a risk factor associated with some microorganisms isolated from subclinical mastitis (SCM) milk samples from Holstein Friesian dairy animals in Fayoum area, Egypt. The percentage of the SCM in the farm was found to be 41.18% and 63.88% at quarter and cows level respectively, with mean somatic cell count (SCC) of 8.8×105 ± 9.2×103 cells/mL and electrical conductivity (EC) 6.27 ± 0.066 mS/cm for SCM quarter milk samples. Out of the total 444 SCM cow milk samples, the most often isolated microorganisms were Staphylococcus aureus: 296 (66.6%), Enterococcus spp.: 230 (51.80%), Escherichia coli: 210 (47.29%) and Streptococcus agalactiae: 106 (23.87%). AMR was determined by disc diffusion test and the corresponding resistance genes were detected by PCR. Results of the in vitro susceptibility tests performed and the phenotypes indicated that the highest resistance to antibiotics for isolated microorganisms was against penicillin followed by amoxicillin + clavulanic acid, oxacillin and tetracycline, whereas moderate resistance was exhibited to oxytetracycline, ampicillin, sulfamethazole/trimethoprim, cefotaxime and erythromycin. However the most effective antibiotics against most isolates were nitrofurantoin and gentamicin followed by enrofloxacin, norfloxacin and cefoxitin. It was shown that the resistance to tetracyclines was due to the tetK or tetA(A) genes, the resistance to β-lactams (penicillins) – to blaZ and blaTEM genes, to macrolides (erythromycin): to ermB and ermC genes. Methicillin resistance genes were mecA, mec1 and mecC, glycopeptides (vancomycin) resistance gene was vanA, and norfloxacin resistance was attributed to norA gene.

A precise, low-cost milk sampler to enable the analysis of fat, protein, lactose and somatic cells in milk from individual cows

2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (9) ◽  
pp. 1100
Author(s):  
T. Clarke ◽  
M. C. Hannah ◽  
H. Wientjes
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
International Committee ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Milk Samples

Less than half of Australian dairy farmers undertake production recording that normally requires the collection of milk samples for the measurements of fat, protein and lactose percentages and somatic cell count. Usually the milk samples are collected from individual animals on a ‘one-day-per-month’ basis by temporary milk-metering or sampling devices. Farmers who do not participate in production recording programs may be encouraged to do so if they could use a simple, robust, inexpensive, convenient and precise sampler. A sampler has been developed to meet these criteria. In this paper we report on the precision and bias of the new sampler with respect to milk composition and somatic cell count by comparison with samples collected by test buckets. For milk fat, the precision was only 3.1% and bias was +0.002% coefficient of variation. Precision for fat yield over a lactation period increases by only 0.02% when compared with results based on samplers that are approved by the International Committee for Animal Recording. We consider that the combination of low sampler cost and low sampler errors makes the new sampler aptly suited for production recording and monitoring somatic cell count.

scholarly journals Influence of lactation stages and rain periods on subclinical mastitis in meat producing ewes

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 1797-1803
Author(s):  
Luiz Francisco Zafalon ◽  
Guilherme Aparecido Fim Júnior ◽  
Carolina Orlando Vaso ◽  
Nahryda Samara dos Santos Lopes ◽  
Josir Laine Aparecida Veschi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Rainy Period ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Rainfall Index ◽  
Santa Inês

ABSTRACT: Mastitis negatively influences the survival and weight gain of ovines for meat production. The purpose of this study was to investigate, in sheep for meat production, the occurrence of subclinical mastitis in ewes at the end of lactation and beginning of the consecutive lactation and to assess the composition and cellular characteristics of milk as a function of different rainfall indices. Mammary halves (821) of Santa Ines (479) and Morada Nova (342) ewes were examined. Milk samples were collected in two different moments of lactation: at weaning and postpartum of the consecutive lactation. Sample collection periods were called "dry" or "rainy" according to the rainfall index in the month immediately before the month of collection. The occurrence of subclinical mastitis at weaning in the Santa Ines and Morada Nova ewes were 16.4 and 12.6% in the dry period, and 17.7 and 23.5% in the rainy period, respectively. In the consecutive lactation period, the occurrences were 26.7 and 27.7% in the dry period and 41.8 and 39.1% in the rainy period, for the Santa Ines and Morada Nova ewes, respectively. Postpartum stage was critical for the occurrence of subclinical mastitis, as compared to that at the end of the previous lactation. Occurrence of the disease negatively influenced the SCC in the milk at the beginning of lactation and changed its composition, mainly in the rainiest periods, probably due to a difficulty in maintaining hygiene in the environment where the animals remained.

Interleukin-6 in quarter milk as a further prediction marker for bovine subclinical mastitis

2010 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoko Sakemi ◽  
Yutaka Tamura ◽  
Katsuro Hagiwara
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Accuracy ◽  
Sandwich Elisa ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Future Prediction ◽  
Cross Tabulation

Subclinical mastitis (SM) is a major concern in the dairy industry because it causes economic losses and can lead to clinical mastitis. The mechanisms of the onset and progression of SM are not fully understood, and a new procedure for the detection and appropriate prediction of SM leading to clinical mastitis is necessary for dairy cow management. Inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-6 are known to be present in inflamed mammary glands at the onset of mastitis, and IL-6 concentrations correlate with the levels of inflammation. In this study, the detection of IL-6 was examined for the evaluation for the future prediction of SM in 77 quarter milk samples from 20 cows. IL-6 concentrations in quarter milk were measured by sandwich ELISA, and the data were compared with milk somatic cell count (SCC) levels to diagnose SM. Average IL-6 concentration was significantly higher in SM quarter milk (207·0±441·6 pg/ml) than in healthy control quarter milk (12·6±33·4 pg/ml, P<0·01). Results of the cross-tabulation table show that SM prediction accuracy based on IL-6 concentration was almost equal or superior to SM prediction accuracy based on SCC. The detection of IL-6 in milk indicated SM earlier than did the detection of elevated SCC. Thus, the detection of IL-6 in milk could be a future prediction marker for SM.

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