Gross Morphological and Sex Wise Morphometrical Studies on Mandible of Adult Blue Bull (Boselaphus tragocamelus)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sathapathy ◽  
B.S. Dhote ◽  
S.K. Bharti ◽  
I. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Average Length ◽  
T Test ◽  
Average Thickness ◽  
Legal Cases ◽  
Recorded Data ◽  
Mandibular Notch ◽  
Horizontal Ramus ◽  
Wild Life

Background: The Blue bull (Boselaphus tragocamelus) is one of the biggest antelopes in Asia and is widely distributed in both the forests and adjoining villages with enough green grass.Methods: The present study was carried out on the mandible of six specimens of adult Blue bull (Boselaphus tragocamelus) of either sex. The biometrical parameters were measured by scale, graduated tape and digital Vernier’s caliper. The statistical analysis of the recorded data was done by independent samples t-Test with Systat Software Inc, USA and SPSS 16.0 version software.Result: The mandible of Blue bull consisted of two rami, i.e. horizontal and vertical rami. The two halves of this bone fused incompletely at the mandibular symphysis, situated at the midline. The average length of horizontal ramus of mandible was found to be 24.7±1.02 cm in female, which was significantly less (P less than 0.05) than that of males, where it was recorded as 35.4±1.97 cm. Similarly, the average thickness of vertical ramus at the base was found to be 0.53±0.001 cm in female, which was significantly less (P less than 0.05) than that of males, where it was recorded as 0.80±0.002 cm. The average cranio-caudal length of mandibular notch was found to be 1.32±0.01 cm in female, which was significantly less (P less than 0.05) than that of males, where it was recorded as 1.44±0.02 cm. Most of the biometrical observations on different parameters of mandible of Blue bull were having significantly (P less than 0.05) more values in males than females. Conclusion: Most of the biometrical observations on different parameters of mandible of Blue bull were having significantly (p less than 0.05) more values in males than females. The present gross and biometrical studies would be useful to the wild life professionals for determination of sex of this animal and solving vetero-legal cases related with this species.

Sex Wise Morphometrical Studies on Orbital Cavity and Foramina of Skull of Adult Blue Bull (Boselaphus tragocamelus)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sathapathy ◽  
B.S. Dhote ◽  
I. Singh ◽  
M. Mrigesh ◽  
S.K. Joshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Average Length ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Frontal Bone ◽  
Maximum Distance ◽  
Orbital Cavity ◽  
Legal Cases ◽  
Average Maximum ◽  
Supraorbital Foramen ◽  
Wild Life

Background: The Blue bull (Boselaphus tragocamelus) is one of the biggest antelopes in Asia and is widely distributed in both the forests and adjoining villages with enough green grass.Methods: The present study was carried out on the orbital cavity and foramina of skull of six specimens of adult Blue bull (Boselaphus tragocamelus) of either sex. The biometrical parameters were measured by scale, graduated tape and digital Vernier’s caliper.Result: The average left cranio-caudal orbital diameter was found to be 5.7±0.11 cm in female, which was significantly less (p less than 0.05) than that of males, where it was recorded as 5.3±0.08 cm. Similarly, the average left orbital depth was found to be 5.7±0.08 cm in female, which was significantly less (p less than 0.05) than that of males, where it was recorded as 5.3±0.06 cm. The average length of left orbital process of frontal bone was found to be 5.1±0.05 cm in female, which was significantly less (p less than 0.05) than that of males, where it was recorded as 5.3±0.07 cm. The average diameter of left supraorbital foramen was found to be 0.31±0.001 cm in female, which was significantly less (p less than 0.05) than that of males, where it was recorded as 0.7±0.003 cm. Similarly, the average maximum distance between two cranial palatine foramina was found to be 1.8±0.05 cm in female, which was significantly less (p less than 0.05) than that of males, where it was recorded as 3.3±0.12 cm. Conclusion: Most of the biometrical observations on different parameters of orbital cavity and different foramina of skull of Blue bull were having significantly (p less than 0.05) more values in males than females. The present gross and biometrical studies would be useful to the wild life professionals for determination of sex of this animal and solving vetero-legal cases related with this species.

Analysis of Sulfites in Shrimp Using Rapid Distillation Followed by Redox Titration1

1988 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARIAN V. SIMPSON ◽  
W. STEVEN OTWELL ◽  
MAURICE R. MARSHALL ◽  
JOHN A. CORNELL
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
T Test ◽  
Distillation Method ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

The use of rapid steam distillation followed by redox iodine titration provides a rapid and accurate determination of total sufite residual in shrimp. Values obtained for sulfite-treated shrimp using the rapid distillation method gave comparable results to those of the officially recognized Monier-Williams method. Values for the rapid distillation method ranged from 6 to 212 ppm while those of the Monier-Williams procedure ranged from 6 to 241 ppm for untreated and treated shrimps, respectively. Statistical analysis using two-sample Student's t-test indicated that there were no significant differences (p>0.05) for residual levels below 100 ppm but the values obtained by the rapid distillation method and the Monier-Williams procedure were significantly different (p<0.05) at concentrations near and above 100 ppm.

Biometrical sexual differentiation of fourth, fifth and sixth lumbar vertebrae in blue bull (Boselaphus tragocamelus)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sathapathy ◽  
B.S. Dhote ◽  
D. Mahanta ◽  
S. Tamilselvan ◽  
M. Mrigesh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Average Length ◽  
Lumbar Vertebrae ◽  
Lumbar Vertebra ◽  
Transverse Process ◽  
Transverse Diameter ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Legal Cases ◽  
Vertebral Canal ◽  
Fifth Lumbar Vertebra ◽  
Wild Life

The present study was carried out on the lumbar vertebrae of adult Blue bull (Boselaphus tragocamelus) of either sex. Biometrical observations on different parameters of lumbar vertebrae reflected significance (P Less than 0.05) differences between the sexes of this species. It was confirmed that the average length of body gradually decreased from fourth to sixth lumbar vertebrae in the Blue bull. The average transverse diameter or width of vertebral canal and average vertical diameter or height of the vertebral canal was largest in the sixth lumbar vertebra. The average length of transverse process gradually increased from fourth to fifth lumbar vertebra and then it suddenly decreased in the sixth lumbar vertebra. The average height of the dorsal supraspinous process gradually decreased from fourth to sixth lumbar vertebrae and it was lowest in the sixth one. The data on the biometry of fourth, fifth and sixth lumbar vertebrae of Blue bull would develop a baseline that could be useful to the wild life Veterinarians in identification and solving vetero-legal cases.

PENENTUAN KRITERIA PENILAIAN KESAN JUMLAH LEUKOSIT PADA PEMERIKSAAN APUSAN DARAH TEPI

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-61
Author(s):  
Dzikra Arwie ◽  
Islawati
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Smear ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Peripheral Blood Smear ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Laboratory Observation ◽  
Number Of Cells

Leukocytes or white blood cells have a characteristic characteristic of different cells. Determination of the impression of the number of leukocytes is determined in the number of cells in the field of view. While the number of viewable field cells expressed is still quite varied. The purpose of this study was to determine the number of leukocytes in the field of view and expressed the impression of a sufficient amount. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Health Analyst Department Panrita Husada Bulukumba on 9 April 2017 to 14 July 2017. This type of research is a laboratory observation that aims to determine the criteria for assessing the impression of the number of leukocytes on a peripheral blood smear. Data analysis using statistical analysis is the average and standard deviations to determine the impression of the number of leukocytes and use 3 inspection zones. The results of this study obtained results in zone IV the number of leukocyte impressions said to be sufficient was 7-10, in zone V the number of leukocyte impressions said to be sufficient was 4-9, and in zone VI the number of leukocyte impressions said to be sufficient was 3-8.  

A Standard Primary Toxicity Bioassay Using Daphnia Magna as a Test Species

1977 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.A. Behie ◽  
J.E. Zajic ◽  
D. Berk ◽  
R.J.P. Brouzes ◽  
V.A. Naish
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Biological Indicator ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Toxicity Bioassay ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Test Species ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Dilution Water

Abstract Although Daphnia magna have been widely used in the determination of the toxicity of various substances, there are no reports in the literature that describe a rigorous bioassay method using this organism as a test species. The test described herein involves the standariza-tion of various important aspects of the method such as the age of the test organisms, and the dilution water used for the preparation of the various toxicant concentrations. Also described is a simple method for the statistical analysis of the results. The sensitivity of the proposed bioassay is demonstrated by determining the toxicity of various pulp and paper effluents. Finally, extensive bioassays were carried out simultaneously with rainbow trout and Daphnia magna indicating that Daphnia are as good a biological indicator of acute toxicity as fish.

Sensitive quantitative and rapid immunochromatographic diagnosis of clinical samples by scanning electron microscopy - preparing for future outbreaks (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideya Kawasaki ◽  
Hiromi Suzuki ◽  
Masato Maekawa ◽  
Takahiko Hariyama
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
T Test ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
School Of Medicine ◽  
P Gene ◽  
Scanning Electron

BACKGROUND As pathogens such as influenza virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can easily cause pandemics, rapid diagnostic tests are crucial for implementing efficient quarantine measures, providing effective treatments to patients, and preventing or containing a pandemic infection. Here, we developed the immunochromatography-NanoSuit® method, an improved immunochromatography method combined with a conventional scanning electron microscope (SEM), which enables observation of immunocomplexes labeled with a colloidal metal. OBJECTIVE A total of 197 clinical samples from patients suspected to be suffering from influenza were provided by a general hospital at the Hamamatsu University School of Medicine for examination using the Flu kit. METHODS Immunochromatography kit The ImunoAce® Flu kit (NP antigen detection), a human influenza commercial diagnosis kit, was purchased from TAUNS Laboratories, Inc. (Shizuoka, Japan). Au/Pt nanoparticles were utilized to visualize the positive lines. A total of 197 clinical samples from patients suspected to be suffering from influenza were provided by a general hospital at the Hamamatsu University School of Medicine for examination using the Flu kit. After macroscopic diagnosis using the Flu kit, the samples were stored in a biosafety box at room temperature (20-25 °C / 68 - 77 °F). The IgM detection immunochromatography kit against SARS-CoV-2 was obtained from Kurabo Industries, Ltd. (Osaka, Japan). One step rRT-PCR for influenza A rRT-PCR for influenza A was performed as described previously using Flu A universal primers. A Ct within 38.0 was considered as positive according to the CDC protocol. The primer/probe set targeted the human RNase P gene and served as an internal control for human nucleic acid as described previously. SEM image acquisition The immunochromatography kit was covered with a modified NanoSuit® solution based on previously published components (Nisshin EM Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan), placed first onto the wide stage of the specimen holder, and then placed in an Lv-SEM (TM4000Plus, Hitachi High-Technologies, Tokyo, Japan). Images were acquired using backscattered electron detectors with 10 or 15 kV at 30 Pa. Particle counting In fields containing fewer than 50 particles/field, the particles were counted manually. Otherwise, ImageJ/Fiji software was used for counting. ImageJ/Fiji uses comprehensive particle analysis algorithms that effectively count various particles. Images were then processed and counting was performed according to the protocol. Diagnosis and statistics The EM diagnosis and criteria for a positive test were defined as follows: particle numbers from 6 fields from the background area and test-line were statistically analyzed using the t-test. If there were more than 5 particles in one visual field and a significant difference (P < 0.01) was indicated by the t-test, the result was considered positive. Statistical analysis using the t-test was performed in Excel software. Statistical analysis of the assay sensitivity and specificity with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was performed using the MedCalc statistical website. The approximate line, correlation coefficient, and null hypothesis were calculated with Excel software. RESULTS Our new immunochromatography-NanoSuit® method suppresses cellulose deformity and makes it possible to easily focus and acquire high-resolution images of gold/platinum labeled immunocomplexes of viruses such as influenza A, without the need for conductive treatment as with conventional SEM. Electron microscopy (EM)-based diagnosis of influenza A exhibited 94% clinical sensitivity (29/31) (95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 78.58–99.21%) and 100% clinical specificity (95%CI: 97.80–100%). EM-based diagnosis was significantly more sensitive (71.2%) than macroscopic diagnosis (14.3%), especially in the lower influenza A-RNA copy number group. The detection ability of our method is comparable to that of real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. CONCLUSIONS This simple and highly sensitive quantitative analysis method involving immunochromatography can be utilized to diagnose various infections in humans and livestock, including highly infectious diseases such as COVID-19.

Cryoscopy of Milk: Effect of Variations in the Method

1966 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 511-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
R W Henningson
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Sample Temperature ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Temperature Rate

Abstract Bath level, sample temperature, rate of stirring, degree of supercooling, sample size, sample isolation, and refreezing of the sample were the variables in the thermistor cryoscopic method for the determination of the freezing point value of milk chosen for study. Freezing point values were determined for two samples of milk and two secondary salt standards utilizing eight combinations of the seven variables in two test patterns. The freezing point value of the salt standards ranged from –0.413 to –0.433°C and from –0.431 to –0.642°C. The freezing point values of the milk samples ranged from –0.502 to –0.544°C and from –0.518 to –0.550°C. Statistical analysis of the data showed that sample isolation was a poor procedure and that other variables produced changes in the freezing point value ranging from 0.001 to 0.011°C. It is recommended that specific directions be instituted for the thermistor cryoscopic method, 15.040–15.041, and that the method be subjected to a collaborative study.

scholarly journals Decrease in white blood cell counts after thiopentone barbiturate therapy for refractory intracranial hypertension: A common complication

2013 ◽  
Vol 04 (S 01) ◽  
pp. S31-S34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shin Yi Ng ◽  
Ki Jinn Chin ◽  
Tong Kiat Kwek
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Intracranial Hypertension ◽  
White Blood Cell ◽  
Retrospective Review ◽  
T Test ◽  
Barbiturate Coma ◽  
Barbiturate Therapy ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Wbc Count

ABSTRACT Background: Leucopenia has been reported after induction of thiopentone barbiturate therapy for refractory intracranial hypertension. However, the incidence and characterisitics are not well described. Aims: We performed a retrospective review to describe the incidence and characteristics of leucopenia after induction of thiopentone barbiturate therapy. Setting and Design: Our centre is a national referral centre for neurotrauma and surgery in a tertiary medical institution.Materials and Methods: We performed a retrospective review of all patients who received thiopentone barbiturate therapy for refractory intracranial hypertension during an 18 month period from January 2004 to June 2005 in our neurosurgical intensive care unit. Statistical Analysis Used: Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 15.0. All data are reported as mean ± standard deviation or median (interquartile range). The Chi square test was used to analyze categorical data and student t test done for comparison of means. For paired data, the paired t?test was used.-test was used. Results: Thirty eight (80.9%) out of 47 patients developed a decrease in white blood cell (WBC) count after induction of thiopentone barbiturate coma. The mean decrease in WBC from baseline to the nadir was 6.4 × 10 9 /L (P <lt; 0.001) and occurred 57 (3-147) h after induction. The mean nadir WBC was 8.6 < 3.6 × 10 9 /L. Three (6.4%) patients were leucopenic, with a WBC count of 2.8, 3.1, and 3.6 < 10 9 /L. None of them were neutropenic. We did not find an association between decrease in WBC count and clinical diagnosis of infection. We did not find any association between possible risk factors such as admission GCS, maximum ICP prior to induction of barbiturate coma, APACHE II score, total duration and dose of thiopentone given, and decrease in WBC count. Conclusions: Decrease in WBC count is common, while development of leucopenia is rare after thiopentone barbiturate coma. Regular monitoring of WBC counts is recommended.

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