Sex Wise Morphometrical Studies on Orbital Cavity and Foramina of Skull of Adult Blue Bull (Boselaphus tragocamelus)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sathapathy ◽  
B.S. Dhote ◽  
I. Singh ◽  
M. Mrigesh ◽  
S.K. Joshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Average Length ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Frontal Bone ◽  
Maximum Distance ◽  
Orbital Cavity ◽  
Legal Cases ◽  
Average Maximum ◽  
Supraorbital Foramen ◽  
Wild Life

Background: The Blue bull (Boselaphus tragocamelus) is one of the biggest antelopes in Asia and is widely distributed in both the forests and adjoining villages with enough green grass.Methods: The present study was carried out on the orbital cavity and foramina of skull of six specimens of adult Blue bull (Boselaphus tragocamelus) of either sex. The biometrical parameters were measured by scale, graduated tape and digital Vernier’s caliper.Result: The average left cranio-caudal orbital diameter was found to be 5.7±0.11 cm in female, which was significantly less (p less than 0.05) than that of males, where it was recorded as 5.3±0.08 cm. Similarly, the average left orbital depth was found to be 5.7±0.08 cm in female, which was significantly less (p less than 0.05) than that of males, where it was recorded as 5.3±0.06 cm. The average length of left orbital process of frontal bone was found to be 5.1±0.05 cm in female, which was significantly less (p less than 0.05) than that of males, where it was recorded as 5.3±0.07 cm. The average diameter of left supraorbital foramen was found to be 0.31±0.001 cm in female, which was significantly less (p less than 0.05) than that of males, where it was recorded as 0.7±0.003 cm. Similarly, the average maximum distance between two cranial palatine foramina was found to be 1.8±0.05 cm in female, which was significantly less (p less than 0.05) than that of males, where it was recorded as 3.3±0.12 cm. Conclusion: Most of the biometrical observations on different parameters of orbital cavity and different foramina of skull of Blue bull were having significantly (p less than 0.05) more values in males than females. The present gross and biometrical studies would be useful to the wild life professionals for determination of sex of this animal and solving vetero-legal cases related with this species.

Gross Morphological and Sex Wise Morphometrical Studies on Mandible of Adult Blue Bull (Boselaphus tragocamelus)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sathapathy ◽  
B.S. Dhote ◽  
S.K. Bharti ◽  
I. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Average Length ◽  
T Test ◽  
Average Thickness ◽  
Legal Cases ◽  
Recorded Data ◽  
Mandibular Notch ◽  
Horizontal Ramus ◽  
Wild Life

Background: The Blue bull (Boselaphus tragocamelus) is one of the biggest antelopes in Asia and is widely distributed in both the forests and adjoining villages with enough green grass.Methods: The present study was carried out on the mandible of six specimens of adult Blue bull (Boselaphus tragocamelus) of either sex. The biometrical parameters were measured by scale, graduated tape and digital Vernier’s caliper. The statistical analysis of the recorded data was done by independent samples t-Test with Systat Software Inc, USA and SPSS 16.0 version software.Result: The mandible of Blue bull consisted of two rami, i.e. horizontal and vertical rami. The two halves of this bone fused incompletely at the mandibular symphysis, situated at the midline. The average length of horizontal ramus of mandible was found to be 24.7±1.02 cm in female, which was significantly less (P less than 0.05) than that of males, where it was recorded as 35.4±1.97 cm. Similarly, the average thickness of vertical ramus at the base was found to be 0.53±0.001 cm in female, which was significantly less (P less than 0.05) than that of males, where it was recorded as 0.80±0.002 cm. The average cranio-caudal length of mandibular notch was found to be 1.32±0.01 cm in female, which was significantly less (P less than 0.05) than that of males, where it was recorded as 1.44±0.02 cm. Most of the biometrical observations on different parameters of mandible of Blue bull were having significantly (P less than 0.05) more values in males than females. Conclusion: Most of the biometrical observations on different parameters of mandible of Blue bull were having significantly (p less than 0.05) more values in males than females. The present gross and biometrical studies would be useful to the wild life professionals for determination of sex of this animal and solving vetero-legal cases related with this species.

Biometrical sexual differentiation of fourth, fifth and sixth lumbar vertebrae in blue bull (Boselaphus tragocamelus)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sathapathy ◽  
B.S. Dhote ◽  
D. Mahanta ◽  
S. Tamilselvan ◽  
M. Mrigesh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Average Length ◽  
Lumbar Vertebrae ◽  
Lumbar Vertebra ◽  
Transverse Process ◽  
Transverse Diameter ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Legal Cases ◽  
Vertebral Canal ◽  
Fifth Lumbar Vertebra ◽  
Wild Life

The present study was carried out on the lumbar vertebrae of adult Blue bull (Boselaphus tragocamelus) of either sex. Biometrical observations on different parameters of lumbar vertebrae reflected significance (P Less than 0.05) differences between the sexes of this species. It was confirmed that the average length of body gradually decreased from fourth to sixth lumbar vertebrae in the Blue bull. The average transverse diameter or width of vertebral canal and average vertical diameter or height of the vertebral canal was largest in the sixth lumbar vertebra. The average length of transverse process gradually increased from fourth to fifth lumbar vertebra and then it suddenly decreased in the sixth lumbar vertebra. The average height of the dorsal supraspinous process gradually decreased from fourth to sixth lumbar vertebrae and it was lowest in the sixth one. The data on the biometry of fourth, fifth and sixth lumbar vertebrae of Blue bull would develop a baseline that could be useful to the wild life Veterinarians in identification and solving vetero-legal cases.

scholarly journals Determination of the critical concentration required for desmin assembly

1990 ◽  
Vol 272 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
R G R Chou ◽  
M H Stromer ◽  
R M Robson ◽  
T W Huiatt
Keyword(s):  
Thermodynamic Analysis ◽  
Intermediate Filaments ◽  
Hydrophobic Interactions ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Critical Concentration ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Ionic Interactions ◽  
Filament Assembly

The critical concentration required for filament assembly in vitro from highly purified desmin was determined by both turbidity and centrifugation assays. Assembly was done in the presence of 2 mM-Ca2+, 2 mM-Mg2+ or 150 mM-Na+ at 2, 22 and 37 degrees C. Similar values for critical concentration were obtained by both assays. As temperature increased, critical concentration decreased for each cation. The critical concentration was lowest in the presence of Ca2+ at 2, 22 and 37 degrees C, but was highest in the presence of 150 mM-Na+ at 2 degrees C. Negative staining showed that supernatants from the centrifugation assays contained protofilaments, protofibrils and short particles (less than 300 nm), but pellets contained long filaments (greater than 1 micron) with an average diameter of 10 nm. As the temperature increased, both the average diameter and average length of particles in the supernatant increased. Thermodynamic analysis indicated that hydrophobic interactions were dominant during desmin assembly, but that ionic interactions might also be involved. Our results demonstrated that the specific cation and temperature and temperature-cation interactions all are important in assembly of desmin intermediate filaments.

Age Wise Internal Morphometrical Studies on the Heart of Pre-natal Non-descript Sheep

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.K. Sahu ◽  
U.K. Mishra ◽  
S. Sathapathy ◽  
S.M. Nanda
Keyword(s):  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Vital Functions ◽  
Internal Parameters ◽  
Measuring Cylinder ◽  
Central Organ

Background: Heart is the central organ of circulatory system that pumps blood into the blood vessels and performs many vital functions. Its development before birth must be studied to safeguard the animal from the occurrence and consequences of various developmental anomalies. The detailed morphometry of different internal parameters of heart especially in pre-natal sheep has not yet been reported. Methods: The foeti of sheep were divided into two age groups viz. mid prenatal (51-100 days) and late prenatal (101 to 150 days) with fifteen animals in each age group. The various internal parameters were recorded by using digital weighing machine, graduated measuring cylinder, digital Vernier’s calliper, non-stretchable nylon thread and graduated scale. The data recorded was statistically analysed by independent t test with IBM SPSS 25.0 version software. Result: The average thickness of left ventricular wall of heart was measured as 2.85±0.15mm and 4.28±0.07mm in mid prenatal and late prenatal stages respectively with significant (p£0.01) differences between the ages. Similarly, the average diameter of left atrio-ventricular opening of heart was measured as 2.06±0.27mm and 6.08±0.36mm in mid prenatal and late prenatal stages respectively with significant (p£0.01) differences between the ages. The average length of septal papillary muscle in right ventricle was measured as 1.12±0.10mm and 3.29±0.21mm in mid prenatal and late prenatal stages respectively with significant (p£0.01) differences between the ages. Further, the average length of moderator band in heart was measured as 1.45±0.11mm and 4.34±0.23mm in mid prenatal and late prenatal stages respectively with significant (p£0.01) differences between the ages. Similarly, the average length of chordae tendinae in right ventricle of heart was measured as 0.97±0.09mm and 3.50±0.34mm in mid prenatal and late prenatal stages respectively with significant (p£0.01) differences between the ages. 

Age Related Histomorphometrical Studies on the Major Lymphoid Organs of Chicken

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Dahariya ◽  
S. Sathapathy ◽  
U.K. Mishra ◽  
R. Patra ◽  
S. Dehury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Average Length ◽  
Bursa Of Fabricius ◽  
Maximum Diameter ◽  
White Pulp ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Average Thickness ◽  
Average Width ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Group I ◽  
Average Maximum

Background: Hansli chicken is reared in Mayurbhanj and Keonjhar districts of Odisha. They play a vital role in the economic upliftment of poor, landless and marginalised people in the rural areas besides providing them with nutritious egg and meat for consumption.Methods: Hansli chicks and Vencobb broiler chicks were divided into three age groups viz. group I (up to 1 month), group II (1-3 months) and group III (3-6 months) with six birds in each age group. On 4th week, 12th week and 24th week, six birds from each breed were used for the study of histomorphometrical features of the thymus, spleen and bursa of Fabricius. Result: The average thickness of the capsule, cortex and medulla of thymus, average width of thymic lobule and average maximum diameter of Hassall’s corpuscles differed significantly (p≤0.05) between the birds at specific ages. Similarly, the average thickness of the splenic capsule, average width of white pulp, average external transverse and internal longitudinal diameters of trabecular artery, average external longitudinal, internal longitudinal, external transverse and internal transverse diameters of central artery, average longitudinal diameter of capillary, average longitudinal and transverse diameters of splenic nodule, average thickness of PALS and PELS differed significantly (p≤0.05) between the birds at specific ages. The average number of bursal follicles in larger and smaller plicae, average height and width of larger and smaller plicae, average length and width of bursal follicle, average height of columnar cell of pseudostratified FAE and IFE, average nuclear height of FAE and IFE columnar cells differed significantly (p≤0.05) between the birds at specific ages.

Mantis shrimps Rissoides desmaresti in Tremadog Bay, North Wales

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 695-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten Ramsay ◽  
Rohan H.F. Holt
Keyword(s):  
Average Length ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Survey Area ◽  
Horizontal Section ◽  
Mantis Shrimp ◽  
North Wales ◽  
Burrow Entrance ◽  
Sand And Gravel ◽  
Sandy Sediments ◽  
Burrow Morphology

In 1999 divers discovered a population of the burrowing mantis shrimp Rissoides (Meiosquilla) desmaresti (Crustacea: Stomatopoda) east of the St Tudwal's Islands, North Wales. This species has only sporadically been recorded in UK waters and commonly occurs in the Mediterranean. In summer 2000 the burrow morphology and distribution of these shrimps in the area east of the St Tudwal's Islands was investigated. Burrows were found at ten of the 15 sites investigated in a survey area measuring ∼18 km2. Burrow density varied from one to 11 burrows per 100 m2. The burrows were always recorded in sediments consisting of a mixture of mud, sand and gravel but were not present at sites with a high proportion of mud (>70%) or sandy sediments with very little mud ([les ]2%). Resin casts of six burrows revealed that these have a simple elongated U-shape, with an average length of ∼450 mm and depth of ∼160 mm. The average diameter of the burrow entrance was 19±2 mm and the diameter of the burrow along the horizontal section varied between 18 and 38 mm with a distinct constriction part way along.

scholarly journals On the elementary structure of muscular fibre of animal and organic life

1837 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 462-463
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Direction ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
The Other ◽  
Arterial System ◽  
Muscular Fibre ◽  
Exact Nature ◽  
Animal Life ◽  
Partial Separation ◽  
Organic Life

The author concludes, from his microscopic examinations of the structure of muscular fibres, that those subservient to the functions of animal life have, in man, an average diameter of one 400dth of an inch, and are surrounded by transverse circular striae varying in thickness, and in the number contained in a given space. He describes these striae as constituted by actual elevations on the surface of the fibre, with intermediate depressions, considerably narrower than the diameter of a globule of the blood. Each of these muscular fibres, of which the diameter is one 400dth of an inch, is divisible into bands or fibrillae, each of which is again subdivisible into about one hundred tubular filaments, arranged parallel to one another, in a longitudinal direction, around the axis of the tubular fibre which they compose, and which contains in its centre a soluble gluten. The partial separation of the fibrillae gives rise to the appearance of broken or interrupted circular striae, which are occasionally seen. The diameter of each filament is one 16,000dth of an inch, or about a third part of that of a globule of the blood. On the other hand, the muscles of organic life are composed, not of fibres similar to those above described, but of filaments only ; these filaments being interwoven with each other in irregularly disposed lines of various thickness; having for the most part a longitudinal direction, but forming a kind of untraceable network. They are readily distinguishable from tendinous fibres, by the filaments of the latter being uniform in their size, and pursuing individually one unvarying course, in lines parallel to each other. The fibres of the heart appear to possess a somewhat compound character of texture. The muscles of the pharynx exhibit the character of animal life; while those of the oesophagus, the stomach, the intestines, and the arterial system, possess that of inorganic life. The determination of the exact nature of the muscular fibres of the iris presented considerable difficulties, which the author has not yet been able satisfactorily to overcome.

SEL VƏ DAŞQIN AXINLARINDA DAĞ ÇAYLARI MƏCRASININ YUYULMA DƏRİNLİYİNİN TƏYİNİ

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-88
Author(s):  
F.Ş., Əhmədov ◽  
R.K., Quliyev ◽  
R.Ü Əbdüləzimov
Keyword(s):  
Average Velocity ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Average Depth ◽  
Mountain River ◽  
Mountain Rivers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Average Width ◽  
Caucasus Mountains ◽  
Flood Flow

Abstract. The article is dedicated to the determination of the wash depth of mountain rivers in floods and overflows. As well-known, hydrotechnical equipment is exposed to destructive damages of the floods and overflows. The undersurface of bridge basement and coast guards are washed away, the surface of drainage devices in water supply and dams (Düker) at river crossings are opened up. Therefore, the protection of the equipment against the destructive damage of the floods and overflows should be ensured. To this aim, first of all, the depth of the fortification of the equipment basement in riverbeds and the width through which the river can flow should be determined and the works of installing coast guards should be accordingly implemented. Since the flow regime of rivers due to floods in the course of mountain riverbeds dramatically changes, the width, depth, roughness and cross-sectional area of the riverbed also changes. To that reason, in the smallest case, calculation formulas includes the average width and wash depth of the riverbed in the course of the floods and overflows, average diameter of undersurface soils, the slope of the location of hydrotechnical structures, velocity due to the average diameter of the riverbed soils and so on. The article contains the analyses of theoretical and practical materials about the floods and overflows in mountain rivers. For the rivers flowing through the southern hills of Great Caucasus Mountains, the expressions for determining the riverbed parameters and hydrological parameters of rivers are used. According to the expressions, average width due to non-washing of the riverbed in floods in accordance with flood flow and slope of the studied part of the riverbed, the average depth of the riverbed crossing the flood, the average velocity of the flow and the wash depth in accordance with them are determined. basing on all these, the determining method of the wash depth of mountain riverbeds in floods have been worked out and determining the wash depth have been recorded. The studied methodology can be used in determining the riverbed parameters in floods and overflows. Keywords: Flood, riverbed deformation, mountain river, wash depth, average diameter of undersurface sediments, riverbed stability, flood velocity

scholarly journals Measurement of Retinal Microvascular Blood Velocity Using Erythrocyte Mediated Velocimetry

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Breanna M. Tracey ◽  
Lakyn N. Mayo ◽  
Christopher T. Le ◽  
Victoria Y. Chen ◽  
Julian Weichsel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Average Diameter ◽  
Retinal Blood Flow ◽  
Direct Visualization ◽  
Ocular Diseases ◽  
Novel Technique ◽  
Retinal Microvasculature ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pharmacologic Agents

AbstractChanges in retinal blood flow may be involved in the pathogenesis of glaucoma and other ocular diseases. Erythrocyte mediated velocimetry (EMV) is a novel technique where indocyanine green (ICG) dye is sequestered in erythrocyte ghosts and autologously re-injected to allow direct visualization of erythrocytes for in vivo measurement of speed. The purpose of this study is to determine the mean erythrocyte speed in the retinal microvasculature, as well as the intravisit and intervisit variability of EMV. Data from 23 EMV sessions from control, glaucoma suspect, and glaucoma patients were included in this study. In arteries with an average diameter of 43.11 µm ± 6.62 µm, the mean speed was 7.17 mm/s ± 2.35 mm/s. In veins with an average diameter of 45.87 µm ± 12.04 µm, the mean speed was 6.05 mm/s ± 1.96 mm/s. Intravisit variability, as measured by the mean coefficient of variation, was 3.57% (range 0.44–9.68%). Intervisit variability was 4.85% (range 0.15–8.43%). EMV may represent reliable method for determination of retinal blood speed, potentially allowing insights into the effects of pharmacologic agents or pathogenesis of ocular diseases.

scholarly journals A computed tomography study on two skulls of mistreated dogs from the Roman Age

2013 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Farina ◽  
A. Mura ◽  
V. Petruzzi ◽  
G. Lepore ◽  
E. Mura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Parietal Bone ◽  
Frontal Bone ◽  
Orbital Cavity ◽  
Traumatic Lesion ◽  
First Case ◽  
Traumatic Lesions ◽  
Roman Age

The study of ancient skeletons is of high interest, as the relationship between men and animals can be reconstructed. In dogs, head injuries frequently result from direct physical traumas. The excavation of a prehistoric well (Genomi, Sardinia) brought to light sixty canine bones of the Age Roman (2nd century AD), although this well was built during the Nuragic Age. (1st millennium BC). Two canine skulls showing three traumatic lesions underwent computed tomography in order to study the endocast of the brain cavity and indirectly locate possible brain lesions. In the first case, a traumatic lesion was found in the left parietal bone with depression of the outer surface. This lesion determined compression of the left frontal cortex and was compatible with life, as can be deduced by the inflammation of the periostenum. In the second case, two different traumatic lesions were found. The former was a wide fracture of the right frontal bone near the orbital cavity. The injured area showed clear signs of bone remodeling which took place many months before death. The latter was a severe comminuted fracture involving both the outer and inner surface of the left frontal bone, which provoked a deep wound in the left frontal cortex. The sharp outline of bone splinters with no signs of bone remodelling indicates that the trauma was not compatible with life. All lesions described were consequent to severe blows from humans and testify mistreatment of dogs in the Roman Age.

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