In vitro Antimicrobial, Antibiofilm and Antiquorum Sensing Activity of Indian Rhododendron (Melastoma malabathricum) against Clinical Isolates of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Honeysmita Das ◽  
A.K. Samanta ◽  
Sanjeev Kumar ◽  
P. Roychoudhury ◽  
Kalyan Sarma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Melastoma Malabathricum

Background: Development and persistence of multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria is considered to be one of the biggest threats to public health worldwide. Development of new antimicrobial agents and alternatives to the conventional antimicrobial agents to control the menace of AMR is the need of the hour. Plants based products can be effectively explored as potential antimicrobial, antibiofilm and antiquorum sensing agents against major bacterial pathogens of human and animals. This present study was conducted to explore the antimicrobial, antibiofilm and antiquorum sensing activity of aqueous and methanol extracts of leaf, flower, fruit and stem of Melastoma malabathricum against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.Methods: E. coli and S. aureus were isolated and identified from diarrhoeic pigs and poultry and mastitic milk of cattle of Mizoram, respectively. Leaf, flower, fruit and stem of M. malabathricum were collected from Mizoram and extracted by methanol and aqueous solvents. The antimicrobial activity and MIC was determined by using well diffusion method and 96 wells microtiter plate method, respectively. Antibiofilm activity of plant extracts was determined in 96 well tissue culture plate. Antiquorum sensing activity was determined by disc diffusion method.Result: Methanol leaf extract exhibited antimicrobial activity against E. coli but not against S. aureus with 18 mm and 6 mm zone of inhibition at 200 mg/mL and 12.5 mg/mL, respectively. Methanol flower extract showed antimicrobial activity against S. aureus but not against E. coli with 14 mm and 6 mm zone of inhibitions at 200 mg/ml and 12.5 mg/mL, respectively. Similarly, the aqueous leaf extract showed antimicrobial activity against S. aureus but not against E. coli with 12 mm and 6 mm zone of inhibition at 200 mg/mL and 100 mg/mL, respectively. The MIC of M. malabathricum methanol leaf extract against E. coli was 3.125 mg/mL, whereas the MIC value of methanol flower and leaf extracts was 6.25 mg/mL against S. aureus. Antibiofilm activity of M. malabathricum methanol leaf, methanol flower and aqueous leaf extracts was recorded only against S. aureus isolates with maximum inhibition at 0.05 mg/mL concentration. Good antiquorum sensing activities was exhibited by the M. malabathricum methanol leaf, methanol flower and aqueous leaf extracts against S. aureus isolates at 200 mg/mL concentration.

Exploration of Antimicrobial, Antibiofilm and Antiquorum Sensing Activity of the Himalayan Yellow Raspberry (Rubus ellipticus) against Clinical Isolates of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Honeysmita Das ◽  
A.K. Samanta ◽  
Sanjeev Kumar ◽  
P. Roychoudhury ◽  
Kalyan Sarma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Rubus Ellipticus

Background: Management of ever growing multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria becomes one of the biggest threats to public health worldwide. The situation is worsening due to lack of new generation antimicrobials in the arsenal of the clinicians. Development of new alternatives to the conventional antimicrobial agents is the need of the hour to control the menace of AMR. Plants based products are attractive alternatives with proven efficacy but needs scientific investigation to explore their potential antimicrobial, antibiofilm and antiquorum sensing activities against major bacterial pathogens of human and animals. The present study was conducted to explore the antimicrobial, antibiofilm and antiquorum sensing activity of aqueous and methanol extracts of leaf, flower, fruit and stem of the Himalayan yellow raspberry (Rubus ellipticus) against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Methods: E. coli and S. aureus were isolated and identified from diarrhoeic pigs and poultry and mastitic milk of cattle of Mizoram, respectively. Leaf, flower, fruit and stem/bark of R. ellipticus were collected from Mizoram and extracted by methanol and aqueous solvents. The antimicrobial activity and MIC was determined by well diffusion method and 96 wells microtiter plate method, respectively. Antibiofilm activity of plant extracts was determined in 96 well tissue culture plate. Antiquorum sensing activity was determined by disc diffusion method. Result: Methanol leaf extract exhibited antimicrobial activity against S. aureus with 19 mm and 7 mm zone of inhibition at 200 mg/mL and 12.5 mg/mL, respectively. Methanol fruit extract also showed antimicrobial activity against S. aureus only. Highest and lowest activities were observed at 200 mg/mL and 25 mg/mL concentrations with 15 mm and 7 mm zone of inhibition, respectively. No antimicrobial activities by either of the extracts were observed against E. coli isolates. The MIC of R. ellipticus methanol leaf and fruit extracts against S. aureus was 0.203125 mg/mL and 0.8125 mg/mL, respectively. The methanol leaf (86.60%) and stem (85.60%) extracts of R. ellipticus showed significant antibiofilm activity against S. aureus isolates, whereas methanol fruit (89.20%) extracts exhibited antibiofilm activity against E. coli isolates at the concentration of 0.05 mg/mL. Significant antiquorum sensing (QS) activities was exhibited by the methanol leaf extract of R. ellipticus at 200 mg/mL concentration against E. coli. This is the first ever report on antibiofilm and anti QS activities of the R. ellipticus plant extracts against E. coli and S. aureus bacteria.

Antimicrobial Activity of Bidens pilosa Leaves Extracts Against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 20-24
Author(s):  
S.A. Mohamed ◽  
C. Mathew
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Bidens Pilosa ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Tract Infections

Resistance against synthetic antimicrobial agents is one of the major global public health challenges that compel scientists to search for alternatives including those of plants origin. Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli are bacteria responsible for a variety of infections and diseases that causes significant morbidity and mortality in humans and animals. E. coli is widely distributed in nature and commonly found in lower gastro intestinal tracts of most warm-blooded animals associated with urinary tract infections and enterocolitis in humans and colibacillosis in poultry. This study was carried out to investigate antimicrobial activity of methanolic leaf extracts of Bidens pilosa against S. aureus and E. coli. Agar well diffusion method was used to assess antimicrobial activity of the leaf extracts at 20%, 50% and 70% concentrations respectively based on measured zone of inhibition. The leaf extracts of Bidens pilosa produced significant zone of inhibition indicating its antimicrobial activity against E. coli and S. aureus. The antimicrobial activity was demonstrated in all concentrations however, the highest zone of inhibition (18.5mm and 32mm) for E. coli and S. aureus respectively was at 70% concentration. The results shows that Bidens pilosa leaf extracts have antimicrobial activity against the tested bacteria and have the potential for further development including identification of active components that can be tested for treatment of E. coli and S. aureus associated conditions.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial activity of honeys from two stingless honeybee species and Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae) against pathogenic microorganisms

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolinie Batista Nobre da Cruz ◽  
Fabio Alessandro Pieri ◽  
Gislene Almeida Carvalho-Zilse ◽  
Patrícia Puccinelli Orlandi ◽  
Carlos Gustavo Nunes-Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Agar Dilution Method ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Agar Dilution ◽  
Amazonas State

Honeys are described possessing different properties including antimicrobial. Many studies have presented this activity of honeys produced by Apis mellifera bees, however studies including activities of stingless bees honeys are scarce. The aim of this study was to compare the antimicrobial activity of honeys collected in the Amazonas State from Melipona compressipes, Melipona seminigra and Apis mellifera against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Chromobacterium violaceum, and Candida albicans. Minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined using the agar dilution method with Müller-Hinton agar (for bacteria) or Saboraud agar (for yeast). Staphylococcus aureus and E. faecalis were inhibited by all honeys at concentrations below 12%, while E. coli and C. violaceum were inhibited by stingless bee honeys at concentrations between 10 and 20%. A. mellifera honey inhibited E. coli at a concentration of 7% and Candida violaceum at 0.7%. C. albicans were inhibited only with honey concentrations between 30 and 40%. All examined honey had antimicrobial activity against the tested pathogens, thus serving as potential antimicrobial agents for several therapeutic approaches.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of Azadirachta indica, against Target Pathogens and Its Utility as a Disinfectant and Floor Cleaner

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (25) ◽  
pp. 1899-1903
Author(s):  
Mohsin Ali Khan ◽  
Shadma Yaqoob ◽  
Sharique Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Neem Extract ◽  
Inoculum Preparation ◽  
Neem Leaf Extract ◽  
Agar Well Diffusion Method

BACKGROUND Azadirachta indica, commonly known as neem, neem tree or Indian lilac, Limbo, Nim, Nimba, Medusa and Vempu. It is typically grown in tropical and subtropical regions. Neem belongs to family meliaceae. Neem is a native tree of India. It is also called “village pharmacy of south Asia” (India) because of its enormous medicinal properties and people use it most of the time without knowing its multiple advantages. This study was done to know the efficacy of medicinal plant named Azadirachta indica (Neem) against pathogenic microorganisms and about its utility as disinfectant and floor cleaner. METHODS Agar well diffusion method, Culture plate method, inoculum preparation & its subculture methods were used to determine the antimicrobial activity of the neem leaf extract. Different concentrations of neem leaf extracts in culture plates were used for the study. In this method inhibited zones were measured. RESULTS Neem leaf extracts showed considerable antimicrobial activity against four target pathogens. In agar well diffusion method it showed maximum antimicrobial activity against Enterococcus and Staphylococcus aureus. Growth of inhibition was increased as the concentration of the neem extract in agar media increased and was maximum for Staphylococcus aureus. CONCLUSIONS The extract of A. indica, has antimicrobial activity against target pathogens Enterococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas, and E.coli. With the old medicinal knowledge on neem, better economic and therapeutic utilization can be done by using modern approaches of drug development. KEY WORDS Neem Leaf extract, Antimicrobial Activity, Agar Well Diffusion Test, Zone of Inhibition

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of Crinum defixum Ker - Gawler Leaves

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 8-15
Author(s):  
A. Elaiyaraja ◽  
G. Chandramohan ◽  
J. Mariajancyrani
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Indigenous Medicine ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Body Ache

Crinum defixum Ker - Gawler is a bulbous herb which has widely used in indigenous medicine for many diseases; mainly leaf and bulb extracts are of medicinal importance. Leaf extract is used as a treatment for pimples, body-ache, dropsy, carbuncle, paronychia, leprosy, fever and diarrhoea. The bulbs are crushed and applied on to piles and itching. The present study to determine the possible phytochemicals and antimicrobial activity of various leaf extracts of Crinum defixum Ker - Gawler plant. The phytochemical screening demonstrated the presence different types compound like flavonoids, tannins, phenolic compounds, saponins and glycosides. The ethanol, methanol and crude extracts of Crinum defixum Ker - Gawler showed significant antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas aeruginosa, proteus vulgaris and antifungal activity against Candida albicans, Aspergillus flavus when compare to different concentrations (μg/mL). The antimicrobial potential of test compounds was determined on the basis of mean diameter of zone of inhibition around the disk in millimetres. Thus, the present findings revealed the medicinal potential of Crinum defixum Ker - Gawler to develop a drug against various human ailments.

scholarly journals Production of Antiseptic Tablet Aloe Vera Soap

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 612-615
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sulaiman Rahama ◽  
Abubakar Sani
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Commercial Soap ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents

This research work aimed at investigating some phytochemical constituents present in aloe vera based antiseptic soap and its activity against some selected microorganisms. The soap was produced using hot process and the antimicrobial activity was performed against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia Coli and Candida albicans using the method of agar well diffusion. The produced soap exhibited highest zone of inhibition on Staphylococcus aureus with 8.6 mm, 10.1 mm, 13.8 mm and 15.1 mm at 25 mg/mL, 50 mg/mL, 100 mg/mL and 200 mg/mL respectively, no inhibition was observed on E. Coli while the C. albicans was slightly inhibited by the soap by 7.6 mm, 9.0 mm, 13.2 mm at 50 mg/mL, 100 mg/mL, 200mg/mL respectively. The phytochemical screening conducted confirmed the presence of tannins, saponins, reducing sugar and flavonoid in the plant extract. The results of the investigations clearly indicated that aloe vera based soap had possessed antimicrobial activity against the tested microorganisms due to the presence of the confirmned phytoconstituents. Likewise pH, formability, and antimicrobial activity of the produced soap were comparable with the commercial soap.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activities of Essential Oils against Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 730
Author(s):  
Nicolás Gómez-Sequeda ◽  
Marlon Cáceres ◽  
Elena E. Stashenko ◽  
William Hidalgo ◽  
Claudia Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Microbial Infections

The emergence of multidrug resistant microorganisms represents a global challenge due to the lack of new effective antimicrobial agents. In this sense, essential oils (EOs) are an alternative to be considered because of their anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antibacterial, and antibiofilm biological activities. Therefore, multiple efforts have been made to consider the potential use of EOs in the treatment of infections which are caused by resistant microorganisms. In this study, 15 EOs of both Colombian and introduced aromatic plants were evaluated against pathogenic strains of E. coli O157:H7 and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in planktonic and sessile states in order to identify relevant and promising alternatives for the treatment of microbial infections. Forty different compounds were identified in the 15 EO with nine of them constituted mainly by oxygenated monoterpenes (OM). EOs from Lippia origanoides, chemotypes thymol, and carvacrol, displayed the highest antibacterial activity against E. coli O157:H7 (MIC50 = 0.9 and 0.3 mg/mL, respectively) and MRSA (MIC50 = 1.2 and 0.6 mg/mL, respectively). These compounds from EOs had also the highest antibiofilm activity (inhibition percentage > 70.3%). Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), changes in the size and morphology of both bacteria were observed when they were exposed to sub-inhibitory concentrations of L. origanoides EO carvacrol chemotype. EOs from L. origanoides, thymol, and carvacrol chemotypes represented a viable alternative for the treatment of microbial infections; however, the Selectivity Index (SI ≤ 3) indicated that it was necessary to study alternatives to reduce its in vitro cytotoxicity.

Antimicrobial potentials, phytochemical screening and determination of bioactive compounds from Three Indian folk medicinal plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Vanitha ◽  
S. Vijayakumar ◽  
S. Rajalakshmi
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Ft Ir

Aim: To investigate the antimicrobial efficacy of various solvents leaf extracts of Aegle marmelos, Plumbago zeylanica and Rhinacanthus nasutus against human pathogenic organisms such as Acinetobacter baumannii, Salmonella enteriditis, Bacillus cereus, Streptococcus pneumonia, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Aspergillus fumigatous by agar well diffusion method. Background: Also, this is the first time report on MIC and MBC/MFC activities and identify the phytochemicals and functional groups using HPLC, GC-MS and FT-IR analysis. Objective: Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal (MBC/MFC) values were also carried out by the micro dilution method. Methods: Ethyl acetate extract of P. zeylanica showed better antimicrobial activity against the tested pathogens, especially for S. pneumoniae (40 mm) followed by ethyl acetate extract of R. nasutus (36 mm) against S. pneumoniae. While least inhibition was observed for aqueous extract of P.zeylanica against S. enteritis (10 mm). Results: The MIC ranged from 3.75 µg/ml to 60µg/ml and MBC/MFC 7.5 µg/ml to 60 µg/ml. Phytochemical analysis exhibited the presence of alkaloids, steroids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, terpenes, phenolics and cardiac glycoside in all samples of selected plant extracts. Tannins, phenolics and glycoside were found only in the ethyl acetate extract of P.zeylanica. HPLC and GC-MS analysis of ethyl acetate leaf extract of P. zeylanica exposed ten major peaks and eleven compounds respectively. Chemical nature of the leaf extract was analysed by FT-IR spectrum. Conclusion: Ethyl acetate leaf extract of P. zeylanica showed better antimicrobial activity than other extracts as well as standard drugs. Therefore, this plant could be studied in detail for the identification of active biomolecules for antimicrobial agents.

ANTIBIOFILM ACTIVITY OF SELECTED PLANT SPECIES

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Terzić ◽  
◽  
Marina Stanković ◽  
Olgica Stefanović
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Acetone Extract ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Acetone Extracts

Bacterial biofilm is a complex community of bacterial cells enclosed in a polymer matrix and attached to a biotic or abiotic substrate. In this living form the bacteria are more resistant to antimicrobial agents than in the form of planktonic cells. Biofilm is a common cause of chronic infections in humans, so due to the growing resistance to antibiotics, alternative methods for controlling infections using medicinal plants have been proposed. In this study, the antibiofilm activity of ethanol and acetone extracts of plants Lamium album, Achillea millefolium and Agrimonia eupatoria against eight clinical isolates of human pathogenic bacteria was examined. Inhibition of biofilm formation was demonstrated using the crystal violet test and the effect on metabolic activity was confirmed by the use of resazurin dye test. Ethanol extract of L. album showed the greatest activity against P. aeruginosa (PA9) at a concentration of 20 mg/ml (> 80% of inhibition), while acetone extract acted at a concentration of 5 mg/ml (≥ 18%) against Klebsiella sp. (K9). At a concentration of 10 mg/ml, the ethanol extract of A. millefolium was effective against E. coli (E16) and P. aeruginosa (PA8) (> 70%), while the acetone extract was effective at 2.5 mg/ml (> 80%) against E. coli (E16). Ethanol and acetone extracts of A. eupatoria were effective at a concentration of 10 mg/ml (> 50%) against E. coli (E16). The antibiofilm activity of the tested plant extracts on certain clinical isolates indicates their great potential in the treatment of infections caused by biofilm-producing bacteria.

Preparation of a Novel Complex Antimicrobial Agent and its Antimicrobial Activity In Vitro

2012 ◽  
Vol 550-553 ◽  
pp. 1030-1038
Author(s):  
Peng Li ◽  
Wei Guo Wang ◽  
Yu Jia Cui ◽  
Yong Liang Zhao ◽  
Ya Nan Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Agent ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Orthogonal Experiments ◽  
Novel Complex ◽  
Cefoperazone Sodium ◽  
Complex Antimicrobial Agent

Purpose To develop a novel complex antimicrobial agent and determine the optimal components of the composite antimicrobial agents and its antimicrobial activity in vitro. Methods According to antimicrobial mechanisms，antibacterial spectrums，physical and chemical properties and applicabilities of existing antimicrobial agents in clinical use, select out cefoperazone sodium, sulbactam sodium and cephradine as the basic components to make a novel complex antimicrobial agent. Utilize yeast, staphylococcus aureus and E. coli bacteria as test bacteria. Do the three factors four-level orthogonal experiments by the maximum amount, the middle amount, low amount and Minimum amount of the three-component agent to research the optimum ratio of the drug. Measure the titer of the compound antimicrobial agent by the way of tube-plate method (2 doses). With known contents of Penicillin Sodium for Injection as control, and determine its minimum inhibitory concentration against staphylococcus aureus, E. coli and yeast by using the agar doubling dilution method. The experimental results were analysized by statistical analysis software SPSS16.0. Results The results of the three factors four-level orthogonal experiments indicate the optimum ratios of Cefoperazone Sodium, Sulbactam Sodium and Cephradine against E. coli, yeast and staphylococcus aureus were 2:2:3, 1:2:2 and 2:6:5, their titers were 1353.9U/mg, 982.7U/mg and 1015.5U/mg. With the highest titer proportion 2:2:3 as the composition of the antimicrobial compound. This compound antimicrobial agent had a good antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria and Fungi, its minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) against staphylococcus aureus, E. coli and yeast were 2.000μg/ml, 0.500μg/ml and 16.000μg/ml. Conclusion This research acquires a composite of antibiotics. This antimicrobial compound has a broader spectrum and higher antimicrobial activity in vitro comparing with traditional common single antibiotics, and it especially has a good antimicrobial activity against fungi. The results set a scientific foundation for enriching clinical medicines.

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