Insecticidal, Oviposition Deterrent and Antifeedant Property of Certain Plant Extracts against Pulse Beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis Linn. (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Vijayalakshmi ◽  
K. Elango ◽  
E. Adlin Pricilla Vasanthi ◽  
C. Vadivel ◽  
R. Surya raj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Oviposition Deterrent ◽  
Callosobruchus Chinensis ◽  
Vitex Negundo ◽  
Antifeedant Activity ◽  
Calotropis Gigantea ◽  
Pongamia Glabra ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pulse Beetle

Background: The bruchid Callosobruchus chinensis (L.) is one of the major store grain pest of pulses capable of attacking wide range of legumes viz., green gram, black gram, chick pea and pigeon pea and causes 50 per cent damage during storage within 3 to 4 months. The infestation starts in the field, but heavy damage is done in storage. Hence, the current study was aimed to evaluate the insecticidal, oviposition deterrent and antifeedant activity of certain plant extracts against pulse beetle, C. chinensis under storage condition.Methods: The aquous extracts (10%) of Vitex negundo, Pongamia glabra, Cassia angustifolia and Calotropis gigantea were evaluated against the pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis Linn. were carried out at the Department of Agricultural Entomology, Imayam Institute of Agriculture and Technology, Thuraiyur during 2019-20. The commercial product Azadirachtin was kept as a check and the mortality rate was assessed every 24 Hours after treatment (HAT) for three days.Result: The mortality rate after 72HAT was 85.8-87.5% with V. negundo, followed by C. angustifolia (73.33-80.00%) and P. glabra (70.0-75.0%). Azadirachtin gave 100% mortality of the beetle. The oviposition deterrence percentage for pulse beetle, C. chinensis was found to be highest in Calotropis gigantea (37.66-68.16%) followed by Pongamia glabra (30.91-41.50) and Vitex negundo (7.58-46.75) per cent, respectively. The antifeedant activity for pulse beetle was found to be very high when treated with Azadirachtin where there was no food consumption. This was followed by V. negundo (0.1g) and C. angustifolia (0.2g).

scholarly journals The Direct Toxicity Effect of Some Indigenous Plant Extracts Against Pulse Beetle (Callosobruchus chinensis)

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-67
Author(s):  
MT Ahmed ◽  
M Begum ◽  
MW Zaman
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Callosobruchus Chinensis ◽  
Indigenous Plants ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Toxicity Effect ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Pulse Beetle ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Direct Toxicity

Experiments were conducted in the laboratory of the Division of Entomology, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh to evaluate the efficacy of four indigenous plants parts such as leaves of raintree (Albizia saman), riot lata (Mikania micrantha), pithraj (Aphanamixis polystachya) and seeds of mahogani (Swietenia macrophylla) with methanol extracts at the rates of 10.0, 7.5, 5.0 and 2.5% for their direct toxicity against the pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis (L.). The experiments were set up following Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The results showed that extracts of all the plant parts had very close efficacy in relation to direct toxicity effect and grain protection values. Pithraj leaf extract showed the highest mortality (96.66%) action and raintree leaf extract showed the lowest (80.33%) with 10% extract at 5 DAT. The effectiveness of all the plant extracts were found to increase with the increase of doses and decreased proportionatelly with the increase of timeDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v7i2.22206 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 7(2): 65-67 2014

The Potency of Six Medicinal Plant Extracts Against the Stored Grain Insect Pest Sitophilus granarius L.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-328
Author(s):  
Nilesh Baburao Jawalkar ◽  
◽  
Sureshchandra Popat Zambare ◽  
Mohamed Izzat Al Ghannoum ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Mucuna Pruriens ◽  
Xanthium Strumarium ◽  
Vitex Negundo ◽  
Sitophilus Granarius ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Medicinal Plant Extracts ◽  
Stored Grains

Jawalkar, N.B., S.P. Zambare and M.I. Al Ghannoum. 2021. The Potency of Six Medicinal Plant Extracts Against the Stored Grain Insect Pest Sitophilus granarius L. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 39(4): 323-328. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-039.4.323328 This study was conducted on six medicinal plants viz., Vitex negundo (leaves), Xanthium strumarium, Caesalpinia bonduc, Mucuna pruriens, Moringa oleifera (seed kernels), Tagetes erecta (petals) for their bio-insecticidal activity. The powders of various parts of plants were extracted using the MARS6 microwave acid digestion system. Three different concentrations (20, 30, and 40%) of plant extracts were tested against granary weevil, Sitophilus granarius L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) for their bio-insecticidal activities under laboratory conditions. The results of statistical analysis showed a good performance of all plant extracts, especially at the high concentrations of the extracts, where they showed different levels of insect mortality and their developmental rate was also reduced leading to significant reduction in insect numbers. The mortality rate ranged was 0-100% with S. granarius adults (p < 0.01). There was significant correlation (R=1) between mortality rate and the concentration of plant extracts. However, the extract of Mucuna pruriens with solvents (Acetone + Petroleum Ether) showed the highest mortality rate of 100% at the three concentrations used (p < 0.01), whereas, the lowest average mortality of 43.3% (p < 0.01) was observed with Xanthium strumarium and Vitex negundo extracts with solvents (Methanol + n-Hexane) compared with 0% mortality in the control. All plant extracts have revealed insecticidal as well as propitious protective effect on grains, and it can be selected as effective control treatment after proper dose formulation to prevent weevil infestation in stored grains. Keywords: Bioinsecticide, stored grains, Sitophilus granarius, mortality, medicinal plants, MARS 6.

scholarly journals Insecticidal and Repellent Properties of Subtropical Plant Extracts Against Pulse Beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis

2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
H.T. AI Lawati ◽  
K. M. Azam ◽  
M.L. Deadman
Keyword(s):  
High Mortality ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
The Other ◽  
Callosobruchus Chinensis ◽  
Myrtus Communis ◽  
Annona Squamosa ◽  
Legume Seeds ◽  
Pulse Beetle ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

Extracts of eight plants local to Oman, namely Qarat (Acacia nilotica), Mustafal (Annona squamosa), Shereesh (Azadirachta indica), Luban (Boswellia sacra), Kheshkhash (Crotolaria juncea), Zebrot (Jatropha dhofarica) Yas, (Myrtus communis) and Suwwad (Suaeda aegyptiaca) were prepared by steeping shaded dried leaf/ seed powder of each plant in water and solvent (methanol or ethanol). The extracts were tested for their insecticidal and repellent properties against the pulse beetles, Callosobruchus chinensis. The extracts from the seeds of A. squamosa recorded l00% mortality of beetles within twenty and four hours of their exposure to methanol and ethanol extracts, respectively. The other extracts that caused high mortality were from A. nilotica, C. juncea, M. communis and S. aegzptiaca in methanol and B. sacra, J. dhofarica, S. aegptiaca and commercial neem in ethanol. Extracts of M. communis in methanol were highly repellent to the beetles compared to other extracts. Legume seeds treated with extracts of A. squamosa were not repellent, rather the beetles were attracted to them.  

scholarly journals Bioefficacy of Three Indigenous Plant Extracts Against Callosobruchus Chinensis L. (BRUCHIDAE: COLEOPTERA)

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
SMS Ahmed ◽  
MA Hossain ◽  
AB Siddique ◽  
MAA Bachchu
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Callosobruchus Chinensis ◽  
Neem Extract ◽  
Residual Toxicity ◽  
Pulse Beetle ◽  
Custard Apple ◽  
Indigenous Plant

Results of the evaluation on bioefficacy of three indigenous plant extracts for toxicity and residual effects against the pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis L. (Bruchidae: Coleoptera) showed that the plant extracts had toxic and residual effects for controlling pulse beetle. Mortality and residual effects were statistically different among the plant extracts and doses applied. Neem extract showed the highest adult mortality (36.78%) whereas eucalyptus extract showed the lowest (22.75%). The order of the toxicity of three plant extracts was found as neem > custard apple > eucalyptus. Mortality was found directly proportional to the hour after treatments which increased with the progress of time. Between two solvents, acetone solvent possessed the highest toxicity (mortality 32.95%) but methanol showed the lowest toxicity (mortality 30.56%). The residual toxicity was evaluated on the basis of egg laid, adult emergence, seed infestation and weight loss caused by the insect. The highest residual toxicity was found in neem extract with acetone while the lowest in eucalyptus extract with acetone. Neem extract with acetone and custard apple extract with methanol solvent were found effective to toxic and residual effects against pulse beetle of three plant extracts applied. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 46(1): 1-12, June 2020

Effect of chemical seed protectants on quality parameters of red gram seed against. pulse beetle Callosobruchus chinensis L under ambient storage

ENTOMON ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-286
Author(s):  
Manish Kumar Yadav ◽  
R.B. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Ambient Condition ◽  
Callosobruchus Chinensis ◽  
Emamectin Benzoate ◽  
Ambient Storage ◽  
Pulse Beetle ◽  
Vigour Index

Among the insecticides tested as seed protectants against Callosobruchus chinensis under ambient condition for a period of nine months revealed that all seed protectants were significantly effective. Maximum germination was observed (86.67%) when seed treated with novaluron 10 EC @0.05ml/kg followed by emamectin benzoate 5 SG@40mg/kg (85.67 per cent). The vigour index was maximum in emamectin benzoate (1913.87) followed by novaluron.

Detection and characterization of Leptospira spp. in dogs diagnosed with kidney and/or liver disease in Selangor, Malaysia

2021 ◽  
pp. 104063872110245
Author(s):  
Sabri A. Rahman ◽  
Kuan H. Khor ◽  
Siti Khairani-Bejo ◽  
Seng F. Lau ◽  
Mazlina Mazlan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Direct Detection ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Pathogenic Leptospira ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Leptospira Spp ◽  
Rrna Sequencing ◽  
The Common

Leptospirosis is a serious bacterial disease that affects both humans and animals. A wide range of symptoms have been described in humans; the disease in dogs is commonly associated with kidney and/or liver disease. In Malaysia, information about the common serovars infecting dogs is limited. Therefore, we investigated the occurrences of leptospirosis in 124 pet dogs diagnosed with kidney and/or liver disease. Blood, urine, abdominal effusion, and/or kidney and liver were collected from the dogs. Based on microscopic agglutination testing, 53 of 124 (42.7%) dogs were seropositive for leptospiral exposure. Sera were frequently positive to serovars Bataviae ( n = 12), Javanica ( n = 10), and Icterohaemorrhagiae ( n = 10). Direct detection using PCR showed that 42 of 124 (33.9%) of the whole blood and 36 of 113 (31.9%) urine samples were positive for pathogenic Leptospira spp. By PCR, 2 of 23 (9.1%) kidney and 2 of 23 (9.1%) liver were positive for pathogenic Leptospira spp. Abdominal effusion from 4 dogs were PCR-positive for pathogenic Leptospira spp. The species detected were L. interrogans, L. borgpetersenii, L. kirschneri, and L. kmetyi by partial 16S rRNA sequencing. We further identified and characterized 11 Leptospira spp. isolates from 8 dogs as serovars Bataviae, Javanica, and Australis. The mortality rate of the Leptospira-infected dogs was high (18 of 53; 34%).

scholarly journals Effects of plant extracts on antioxidant status and oxidant-induced stress in Caco-2 cells

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Aisling Aherne ◽  
Joseph P. Kerry ◽  
Nora M. O'Brien
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Plant Extract ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Cell Injury ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Neutral Red ◽  
Dna Integrity ◽  
Cell Membrane Integrity ◽  
Wide Range

Experimental evidence suggests that most herbs and spices possess a wide range of biological and pharmacological activities that may protect tissues against O2-induced damage. The objectives of the present study were: first, to determine the effects of plant extracts on the viability, membrane integrity, antioxidant status and DNA integrity of Caco-2 cells and second, to investigate the cytoprotective and genoprotective effects of these plant extracts against oxidative stress in Caco-2 cells. The plant extracts examined were rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), oregano (Origanum vulgare L.), sage (Salvia officinalis L.) and echinacea (Echinacea purpurea L.). Cell membrane integrity was assessed by the lactate dehydrogenase release assay. Viability was determined by the neutral red uptake assay (NRUA) and the concentration of compound that resulted in 50 % cell death (IC50) was calculated. Antioxidant status of the cells was assessed by measuring GSH content, catalase activity and superoxide dismutase activity. To examine their cytoprotective and genoprotective effects, Caco-2 cells were pre-treated with each plant extract for 24 h followed by exposure to H2O2. DNA damage was assessed by the comet assay and cell injury was determined by the NRUA. Rosemary was the most toxic (IC50 123 μg/ml) and echinacea the least toxic (IC50 1421 μg/ml). Sage was the only plant extract to affect the antioxidant status of the cells by increasing GSH content. Sage, oregano and rosemary protected against H2O2-induced DNA damage (olive tail moment and percentage tail DNA), whereas protection against H2O2-induced cytotoxicity was afforded by sage only.

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