scholarly journals Effects of plant extracts on antioxidant status and oxidant-induced stress in Caco-2 cells

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Aisling Aherne ◽  
Joseph P. Kerry ◽  
Nora M. O'Brien
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Plant Extract ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Cell Injury ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Neutral Red ◽  
Dna Integrity ◽  
Cell Membrane Integrity ◽  
Wide Range

Experimental evidence suggests that most herbs and spices possess a wide range of biological and pharmacological activities that may protect tissues against O2-induced damage. The objectives of the present study were: first, to determine the effects of plant extracts on the viability, membrane integrity, antioxidant status and DNA integrity of Caco-2 cells and second, to investigate the cytoprotective and genoprotective effects of these plant extracts against oxidative stress in Caco-2 cells. The plant extracts examined were rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), oregano (Origanum vulgare L.), sage (Salvia officinalis L.) and echinacea (Echinacea purpurea L.). Cell membrane integrity was assessed by the lactate dehydrogenase release assay. Viability was determined by the neutral red uptake assay (NRUA) and the concentration of compound that resulted in 50 % cell death (IC50) was calculated. Antioxidant status of the cells was assessed by measuring GSH content, catalase activity and superoxide dismutase activity. To examine their cytoprotective and genoprotective effects, Caco-2 cells were pre-treated with each plant extract for 24 h followed by exposure to H2O2. DNA damage was assessed by the comet assay and cell injury was determined by the NRUA. Rosemary was the most toxic (IC50 123 μg/ml) and echinacea the least toxic (IC50 1421 μg/ml). Sage was the only plant extract to affect the antioxidant status of the cells by increasing GSH content. Sage, oregano and rosemary protected against H2O2-induced DNA damage (olive tail moment and percentage tail DNA), whereas protection against H2O2-induced cytotoxicity was afforded by sage only.

Effects of boar variability on comet-detected sperm-DNA damage following cryopreservation

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 252 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Fraser ◽  
Ł. Zasiadczyk ◽  
C. S. Pareek
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Dna Integrity ◽  
Comet Tail ◽  
Sperm Dna Damage ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Sperm Dna ◽  
Damage Type

Assessment of sperm-DNA integrity is a crucial issue in male fertility. In the present study, parameters derived from the image analysis of comets after single-cell gel electrophoresis were used to analyse the types of DNA damage of frozen–thawed boar spermatozoa. Semen, frozen in a cryoprotectant-free extender or in cryoprotectant-based extenders, was analysed for DNA fragmentation and with the following comet tail measures: percentage DNA in comet tail, comet tail length and olive tail moment. The percentages of sperm DNA damage in the comet tails were classified as Type 0 (no DNA damage), Type I (very low DNA damage), Type II (light DNA damage), Type III (medium DNA damage) and Type IV (heavy DNA damage). Sperm motility characteristics and membrane integrity were assessed in the pre-freeze and frozen–thawed semen samples. Assessment of sperm DNA fragmentation and comet tail measures showed marked inter-boar variability following cryopreservation. However, consistent differences among the boars, with respect to cryo-induced sperm DNA damage, were detected by the comet tail length and olive tail moment. Besides Type IV, all types of DNA damage were detected in the cryoprotectant-based extenders. It was found that the frequency of Type II and Type III of DNA damage of frozen–thawed spermatozoa was significantly greater in the cryoprotectant-based and cryoprotectant-free extenders respectively. Deterioration in the quality of the sperm DNA integrity was concomitant with a marked decline in sperm motility characteristics, reduced plasma membrane integrity and higher lipid peroxidation and aspartate aminotransferase activity after cryopreservation. It can be suggested that the comet-assay parameters, coupled with routine laboratory tests, are useful to improve the sperm evaluations of post-thaw quality of semen from individual boars and would offer more comprehensive information for a better understanding of the degree of cryo-induced sperm-DNA damage.

Bubble Motion in a Blood Vessel: Shear Stress Induced Endothelial Cell Injury

2009 ◽  
Vol 131 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Mukundakrishnan ◽  
P. S. Ayyaswamy ◽  
D. M. Eckmann
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Bubble Dynamics ◽  
Cell Injury ◽  
Numerical Solutions ◽  
Multiple Scales ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Cell Membrane Integrity ◽  
Stress Gradients ◽  
Stress Variations

Mechanisms governing endothelial cell (EC) injury during arterial gas embolism have been investigated. Such mechanisms involve multiple scales. We have numerically investigated the macroscale flow dynamics due to the motion of a nearly occluding finite-sized air bubble in blood vessels of various sizes. Non-Newtonian behavior due to both the shear-thinning rheology of the blood and the Fahraeus–Lindqvist effect has been considered. The occluding bubble dynamics lends itself for an axisymmetric treatment. The numerical solutions have revealed several hydrodynamic features in the vicinity of the bubble. Large temporal and spatial shear stress gradients occur on the EC surface. The stress variations manifest in the form of a traveling wave. The gradients are accompanied by rapid sign changes. These features are ascribable to the development of a region of recirculation (vortex ring) in the proximity of the bubble. The shear stress gradients together with sign reversals may partially act as potential causes in the disruption of endothelial cell membrane integrity and functionality.

scholarly journals PSI-11 Effects of feeding 60% dried corn distillers grains plus solubles or the equivalent sulfur as calcium sulfate on DNA structure and integrity in bull semen

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 268-269
Author(s):  
Cierrah J Kassetas ◽  
Tom Geary ◽  
Abby Zezeski ◽  
Joel Caton ◽  
James D Kirsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Dna Structure ◽  
Distillers Grains ◽  
Dna Integrity ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Cell Membrane Integrity ◽  
Bull Semen ◽  
Oxidation Status ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
Corn Distillers

Abstract The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of feeding 60% dried corn distillers grains plus solubles (DDGS) or the equivalent sulfur as CaSO4 on DNA structure and integrity in frozen/extended bull semen. Thirty-six half-sibling Angus bulls (256 ± 8 d; initial BW = 320 ± 2 kg) were assigned to one of three treatments: 1) corn-based diet containing 60% concentrate (CON; S = 0.18%; n = 12); 2) diet containing 60% DDGS as a replacement for corn (60DDGS; S = 0.55% DM; n = 12); 3) CON diet + equivalent sulfur of 60DDGS added as CaSO4 (SULF; S = 0.54%; n = 12). Bulls were individually fed in Calan gates for 112 days and targeted to gain 1.6 kg/d. Semen was collected via electroejaculation at d 112. Semen samples were extended and frozen. The Guava easyCyte 8HT Flow Cytometer was used to analyze acrosome/cell membrane integrity, mitochondrial energy potential, oxidation status, DNA integrity and the zinc signature assay. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED in SAS for effects of treatment. For depolarized mitochondria, 60DDGS tended (P = 0.07) to be greater compared with SULF and CON. This suggests that bulls in the 60DDGS treatment may have sperm with lower mitochondrial energy potential compared with SULF and CON bulls. Additionally, for the zinc signature assay, no differences (P ≥ 0.11) were observed for signatures 2 through 4. However, for signature 1, 60DDGS and SULF had decreased (P = 0.03) signature 1 compared with CON suggesting that sperm from bulls in the SULF and 60DDGS treatments may be in advanced stages of sperm capacitation in comparison to CON, potentially limiting the sperm lifespan and ability to bind the sperm oviductal reservoir.

Effects of chloride channel inhibitors on H2O2-induced renal epithelial cell injury

2000 ◽  
Vol 278 (1) ◽  
pp. F83-F90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianmin Meng ◽  
W. Brian Reeves
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Small Molecules ◽  
Cell Injury ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Atp Depletion ◽  
Renal Epithelial Cell ◽  
Epithelial Cell Injury

Oxidative stress contributes to renal epithelial cell injury in certain settings. Chloride influx has also been proposed as an important component of acute renal epithelial cell injury. The present studies examined the role of Cl− in H2O2-induced injury to LLC-PK1 renal epithelial cells. Exposure of LLC-PK1 cells to 1 mM H2O2 resulted in the following: depletion of intracellular ATP content; DNA damage; lipid peroxidation; and a loss of membrane integrity to both small molecules, e.g., trypan blue, and macromolecules, e.g., lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and cell death. Substitution of Cl− by isethionate or the inclusion of certain Cl− channel blockers, e.g., diphenylamine-2-carboxylate (DPC), 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)· benzoate (NPPB), and niflumic acid, prevented the H2O2-induced loss of membrane integrity to LDH. In addition, the H2O2-induced loss of membrane integrity was prevented by raising the osmolality of the extracellular solutions, by depletion of cell ATP, and by inhibitors of volume-sensitive Cl− channels. However, these maneuvers did not prevent the H2O2-induced permeability to small molecules or H2O2-induced ATP depletion, DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, or cell death. These results support the view that volume-sensitive Cl− channels play a role in the progressive loss of cell membrane integrity during injury.

61 PLANT EXTRACTS REDUCE DNA FRAGMENTATION IN FROZEN-THAWED STALLION SPERM

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 131 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. Burns ◽  
N. Wong ◽  
H. Arnold ◽  
N. Sirs ◽  
R. Romero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
Dna Fragmentation ◽  
Plant Extract ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Sperm Cells

Mares inseminated with frozen–thawed sperm have reduced pregnancy rates compared with mares inseminated with fresh sperm. Processing mammalian sperm for cryopreservation increases the concentration of free radicals and induces oxidative stress, which can result in DNA damage and may lead to lower fertility. The objective of this experiment was to examine the effects of several plant antioxidant extracts on stallion sperm post-thaw motility and DNA quality. Single ejaculates were collected from 4 stallions and the concentration of sperm cells in each ejaculate was determined spectrophotometrically. Semen was centrifuged at 300g for 10 min at room temperature and seminal plasma was removed. Sperm pellets were resuspended to a final concentration of 200 × 106 cells mL–1 in E-Z Freezin LE (ARS, Chino, CA) extender (control) or extender containing 1 of 3 plant extracts (3% v/v) from 2 different commercial sources. Extended sperm cells were loaded into 0.5-mL straws and frozen over liquid nitrogen vapor for 10 min. Straws were then plunged into liquid nitrogen and stored until further evaluation. Motility and velocity parameters were determined at 0, 30, and 60 min post-thaw using a computer-assisted sperm analyzer. DNA fragmentation was determined immediately after thawing using a single-cell gel electrophoresis (Comet) assay. Motility (total and progressive) and velocity parameters of sperm cells did not differ between controls and plant extract treatments (P > 0.05). However, total Comet length and tail length were reduced in sperm cells stored in extender containing each plant extract (P < 0.05). Tail and olive moment tended to be reduced (P < 0.10) in sperm cells stored in plant extracts. In conclusion, sperm cells stored in plant extracts had reduced post-thaw DNA damage. The addition of plant extracts to commercial freezing extenders may be a practical method for improving sperm quality.

Celastrol ameliorates acetaminophen-induced oxidative stress and cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 742-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
AT Jannuzzi ◽  
M Kara ◽  
B Alpertunga
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Hepg2 Cells ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Neutral Red ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Tripterygium Wilfordii Hook F ◽  
Cell Membrane Integrity ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Acetaminophen (APAP) is the most commonly used analgesic and antipyretic drug in the world. However, hepatotoxicity caused by APAP overdose is the most frequent cause of acute liver failure worldwide and oxidative stress involved in the pathogenesis of APAP hepatotoxicity. Celastrol is a natural triterpenoid derived from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F. that exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor activities. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential ameliorative effects of celastrol against APAP-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative stress. Human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2) were incubated with 20 mM of APAP for 24 h and posttreated with 50 nM, 100 nM, or 200 nM of celastrol for a further 24 h. The methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide, lactate dehydrogenase, and neutral red uptake assays showed celastrol posttreatments recovered cell viability and cell membrane integrity in a concentration-dependent manner. Celastrol posttreatments exerted a significant increase in the glutathione content and a decrease in the malondialdehyde and protein carbonylation levels. Also, celastrol posttreatments attenuated the APAP-induced oxidative stress by raising glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and catalase activities. However, superoxide dismutase activity did not change. In conclusion, celastrol treatment may improve cell viability and increase cellular antioxidant defense in HepG2 cells. These results suggest that celastrol may have the potential to ameliorate the APAP-induced oxidative stress and cytotoxicity.

scholarly journals Bioactivity of Plant Extracts against Cowpea Bruchid Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab): A Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Shunmugadevi ◽  
S. Anbu Radhika
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Plant Extract ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Botanical Insecticides ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Plant Products ◽  
Wide Range

The objective of the present review is to know the bioactive compounds of the plant extract against Callosobruchus maculatus. Plants are able to produce a large number of bioactive compounds. Plant extract was found to have a wide range of bioactive compounds like Alkaloids, Carbohydrates, Starch, Glycosides, Flavonoids, Triterpenoids, Resins, Saponins, Steroid, Proteins and Tannins. The high concentration of phytochemicals protects against the Callosobruchus maculatus. Recent revelations have shown that synthetic insecticides were found to penetrate into grains and may be toxic. Natural products such as botanical insecticides may provide suitable alternatives. The review obviously designated that plant products have potentials of controlling Callosobruchus maculatus in stored cowpea as they are safe, free of residue and strong biological activities that are eco-friendly and biodegradable.

scholarly journals Nitric-Acid Oxidized Single-Walled Carbon Nanohorns as a Potential Material for Bio-Applications—Toxicity and Hemocompatibility Studies

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1419
Author(s):  
Wojciech Zieba ◽  
Joanna Czarnecka ◽  
Tomasz Rusak ◽  
Monika Zieba ◽  
Artur P. Terzyk
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Neutral Red ◽  
Dermal Fibroblasts ◽  
Cell Membrane Integrity ◽  
Carbon Nanohorns ◽  
Single Walled Carbon ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide ◽  
Application Potential

The results of in vitro studies of single-walled carbon nanohorn (SWCNH) oxidized materials’ cytotoxicity obtained by the cell membrane integrity (Neutral Red Uptake (NRU)) and metabolic activity (by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT)) on A549 and human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) cell lines are presented. We also present hemocompatibility studies on human and porcine blood, and an erythrocyte concentrate to prove that the obtained samples will not interfere with blood components. Characterization of the materials is supplemented by ζ-potential measurements, Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) imaging, and thermogravimetric studies (TG). The presented results show the correlation between the specific surface area of materials and the platelet aggregation, when the ID/IG ratio determined from Raman spectra correlates with hemoglobin release from the erythrocytes (in whole blood testing). A plausible mechanism explaining the observed correlations is given. The cytotoxicity and hemocompatibility studies prove that the studied materials are acceptable for use in biomedical applications, especially a sample SWCNH-ox-1.5 with the best application potential.

scholarly journals Suitability of five plant species extracts for their compatibility with indigenous Beauveria bassiana against Aphis gossypii Glov. (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samy Sayed ◽  
Sayed-Ashraf Elarnaouty ◽  
Esmat Ali
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Plant Extract ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
The Other ◽  
Single Treatment ◽  
Combined Treatments ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Background The cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glov. (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is a major insect pest on a wide range of plants that causes high damage and transmits plant viruses. This study was carried out to evaluate an indigenous isolate, Beauveria bassiana (Bb), and extracts of 5 plant species: Psiadia penninervia, Pulicaria crispa, Euryops arabicus, Salvia officinalis, and Ochradenus baccatus against A. gossypii, as individual and combined treatments to estimate their compatibility under laboratory conditions. Also, the antifungal activity of these plant extracts against B. bassiana was evaluated. Results LC50 value was 8.64 × 104 spores/ml of Bb against A. gossypii, while LC50 values of the tested 5 plant extracts on A. gossypii were 103.64, 879.92, 747.90, 783.28, and 262.42 μg/ml for P. penninervia, P. crispa, E. arabicus, S. officinalis, and O. baccatus, respectively. Both P. penninervia and O. baccatus extracts had the highest antifungal activities against Bb and were significantly different from the other 3 plant extracts. After 24 h of treatment with the combination of Bb and each extract, no effect for these combinations on A. gossypii mortality was recorded. Meanwhile, 5 days after treatment, the combined treatments between Bb and each plant extract achieved a significant increase in mortality than that of the single treatment with Bb or plant extract, except for P. penninervia extract, which did not achieve a significant mortality increase when combined with B. bassiana than that of its single treatment. Conclusion P. penninervia extract was not compatible with B. bassiana, but the other tested 4 plant extracts were compatible with B. bassiana. These 4 plant extracts could be used to control aphids in combinations with B. bassiana. Further laboratory and field investigations are needed to examine the effects of these plant extracts on other insect pests or associated beneficial insects.

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