scholarly journals Insecticidal and Repellent Properties of Subtropical Plant Extracts Against Pulse Beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis

2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
H.T. AI Lawati ◽  
K. M. Azam ◽  
M.L. Deadman
Keyword(s):  
High Mortality ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
The Other ◽  
Callosobruchus Chinensis ◽  
Myrtus Communis ◽  
Annona Squamosa ◽  
Legume Seeds ◽  
Pulse Beetle ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

Extracts of eight plants local to Oman, namely Qarat (Acacia nilotica), Mustafal (Annona squamosa), Shereesh (Azadirachta indica), Luban (Boswellia sacra), Kheshkhash (Crotolaria juncea), Zebrot (Jatropha dhofarica) Yas, (Myrtus communis) and Suwwad (Suaeda aegyptiaca) were prepared by steeping shaded dried leaf/ seed powder of each plant in water and solvent (methanol or ethanol). The extracts were tested for their insecticidal and repellent properties against the pulse beetles, Callosobruchus chinensis. The extracts from the seeds of A. squamosa recorded l00% mortality of beetles within twenty and four hours of their exposure to methanol and ethanol extracts, respectively. The other extracts that caused high mortality were from A. nilotica, C. juncea, M. communis and S. aegzptiaca in methanol and B. sacra, J. dhofarica, S. aegptiaca and commercial neem in ethanol. Extracts of M. communis in methanol were highly repellent to the beetles compared to other extracts. Legume seeds treated with extracts of A. squamosa were not repellent, rather the beetles were attracted to them.  

scholarly journals The Direct Toxicity Effect of Some Indigenous Plant Extracts Against Pulse Beetle (Callosobruchus chinensis)

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-67
Author(s):  
MT Ahmed ◽  
M Begum ◽  
MW Zaman
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Callosobruchus Chinensis ◽  
Indigenous Plants ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Toxicity Effect ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Pulse Beetle ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Direct Toxicity

Experiments were conducted in the laboratory of the Division of Entomology, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh to evaluate the efficacy of four indigenous plants parts such as leaves of raintree (Albizia saman), riot lata (Mikania micrantha), pithraj (Aphanamixis polystachya) and seeds of mahogani (Swietenia macrophylla) with methanol extracts at the rates of 10.0, 7.5, 5.0 and 2.5% for their direct toxicity against the pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis (L.). The experiments were set up following Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The results showed that extracts of all the plant parts had very close efficacy in relation to direct toxicity effect and grain protection values. Pithraj leaf extract showed the highest mortality (96.66%) action and raintree leaf extract showed the lowest (80.33%) with 10% extract at 5 DAT. The effectiveness of all the plant extracts were found to increase with the increase of doses and decreased proportionatelly with the increase of timeDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v7i2.22206 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 7(2): 65-67 2014

scholarly journals Biological Control of Anthracnose Disease of Tomato Using Ethanolic Extracts of Azadirachta Indica and Nicotiana Tabacum

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
Bankole Samuel Opeyemi ◽  
Bankole Ruth Temidayo ◽  
Yetunde Oyinkansade Babalola ◽  
Ilerioluwa Busayo Emmanuel ◽  
Motunrayo Temitope Ojubolamo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Agar Dilution Method ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Anthracnose Disease ◽  
Nicotiana Tobacum ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

Tomato is a commercially important vegetable throughout the whole world and its availability all the year is grossly affected by anthracnose disease, hence, the need for an effective bio-control that is affordable and user friendly. This study therefore investigated the inhibitory effect of ethanol extracts of Azadirachta indica and Tabacum nicotianaon the mycelium growth of fungi associated with anthracnose disease of tomato. Tomatoes that showed black circular lesions with concentric ring and black spores were bought from Aleshinloye market in Ibadan; samples (3×3mm) from the sterilized margin of the lesion were inoculated on potato dextrose agar and observed for mycelium growth for five days. The obtained cultures were then sub cultured to obtain pure cultures which were introduced into healthy tomato fruits to confirm koch’s postulate. The in-vitro antifungal effects of ethanol extracts of Azadirachta indica and Nicotiana tabacum on isolated fungus causing anthracnose disease of tomato was investigated using agar dilution method. Based on cultural and microscopic characteristics of conidia, Colletotrichum coccodewas identified as organism causing anthracnose disease of tomato. The antifungal effect of the two ethanol plant extracts revealed that Azadirachta indica had the highest inhibitory effect of (45.00cm) at 100mg/ml and the least effect of (38.00cm) at 50mg/ml. Nicotiana tobacum equally had its highest inhibitory effect of (58.00cm) at 100mg/ml and lowest effect of (40.57cm) at 50mg/ml. This result also showed that Nicotiana tobacum had the highest inhibitory effect on Colletotrichum coccode than Azadirachta indica. Conclusively, the use of Tobacco and Neem plant extracts has antifungal activity against Colletotrichum which is responsible for Anthracnose disease of tomato. The plant could be a veritable and cheaper substitute for conventional drugs since the plant is easily obtainable and the extract can easily be made via a simple process of maceration or infusion.

Insecticidal, Oviposition Deterrent and Antifeedant Property of Certain Plant Extracts against Pulse Beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis Linn. (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Vijayalakshmi ◽  
K. Elango ◽  
E. Adlin Pricilla Vasanthi ◽  
C. Vadivel ◽  
R. Surya raj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Oviposition Deterrent ◽  
Callosobruchus Chinensis ◽  
Vitex Negundo ◽  
Antifeedant Activity ◽  
Calotropis Gigantea ◽  
Pongamia Glabra ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pulse Beetle

Background: The bruchid Callosobruchus chinensis (L.) is one of the major store grain pest of pulses capable of attacking wide range of legumes viz., green gram, black gram, chick pea and pigeon pea and causes 50 per cent damage during storage within 3 to 4 months. The infestation starts in the field, but heavy damage is done in storage. Hence, the current study was aimed to evaluate the insecticidal, oviposition deterrent and antifeedant activity of certain plant extracts against pulse beetle, C. chinensis under storage condition.Methods: The aquous extracts (10%) of Vitex negundo, Pongamia glabra, Cassia angustifolia and Calotropis gigantea were evaluated against the pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis Linn. were carried out at the Department of Agricultural Entomology, Imayam Institute of Agriculture and Technology, Thuraiyur during 2019-20. The commercial product Azadirachtin was kept as a check and the mortality rate was assessed every 24 Hours after treatment (HAT) for three days.Result: The mortality rate after 72HAT was 85.8-87.5% with V. negundo, followed by C. angustifolia (73.33-80.00%) and P. glabra (70.0-75.0%). Azadirachtin gave 100% mortality of the beetle. The oviposition deterrence percentage for pulse beetle, C. chinensis was found to be highest in Calotropis gigantea (37.66-68.16%) followed by Pongamia glabra (30.91-41.50) and Vitex negundo (7.58-46.75) per cent, respectively. The antifeedant activity for pulse beetle was found to be very high when treated with Azadirachtin where there was no food consumption. This was followed by V. negundo (0.1g) and C. angustifolia (0.2g).

scholarly journals Bioefficacy of Three Indigenous Plant Extracts Against Callosobruchus Chinensis L. (BRUCHIDAE: COLEOPTERA)

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
SMS Ahmed ◽  
MA Hossain ◽  
AB Siddique ◽  
MAA Bachchu
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Callosobruchus Chinensis ◽  
Neem Extract ◽  
Residual Toxicity ◽  
Pulse Beetle ◽  
Custard Apple ◽  
Indigenous Plant

Results of the evaluation on bioefficacy of three indigenous plant extracts for toxicity and residual effects against the pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis L. (Bruchidae: Coleoptera) showed that the plant extracts had toxic and residual effects for controlling pulse beetle. Mortality and residual effects were statistically different among the plant extracts and doses applied. Neem extract showed the highest adult mortality (36.78%) whereas eucalyptus extract showed the lowest (22.75%). The order of the toxicity of three plant extracts was found as neem > custard apple > eucalyptus. Mortality was found directly proportional to the hour after treatments which increased with the progress of time. Between two solvents, acetone solvent possessed the highest toxicity (mortality 32.95%) but methanol showed the lowest toxicity (mortality 30.56%). The residual toxicity was evaluated on the basis of egg laid, adult emergence, seed infestation and weight loss caused by the insect. The highest residual toxicity was found in neem extract with acetone while the lowest in eucalyptus extract with acetone. Neem extract with acetone and custard apple extract with methanol solvent were found effective to toxic and residual effects against pulse beetle of three plant extracts applied. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 46(1): 1-12, June 2020

Effect of chemical seed protectants on quality parameters of red gram seed against. pulse beetle Callosobruchus chinensis L under ambient storage

ENTOMON ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-286
Author(s):  
Manish Kumar Yadav ◽  
R.B. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Ambient Condition ◽  
Callosobruchus Chinensis ◽  
Emamectin Benzoate ◽  
Ambient Storage ◽  
Pulse Beetle ◽  
Vigour Index

Among the insecticides tested as seed protectants against Callosobruchus chinensis under ambient condition for a period of nine months revealed that all seed protectants were significantly effective. Maximum germination was observed (86.67%) when seed treated with novaluron 10 EC @0.05ml/kg followed by emamectin benzoate 5 SG@40mg/kg (85.67 per cent). The vigour index was maximum in emamectin benzoate (1913.87) followed by novaluron.

scholarly journals Prospects of botanical pesticides in management of Iroko gall bug, Phytolyma fusca (Hemiptera, Psylloidea) under laboratory and field conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Amaka Ugwu
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Piper Guineense ◽  
Early Management ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Milicia Excelsa ◽  
Contact Effects

Abstract Background Iroko gall bug, Phytolyma fusca Walker, is a major insect pest of Milicia excelsa (Iroko) seedling hampering its propagation in West Africa. Milicia excelsa is an indigenous forest timber tree in the tropical rain forest of West Africa with a very high value in international trade due to its wood quality. Sustainable management of P. fusca infestations on Iroko seedlings have not been achieved due to their cryptic nature and multivoltine generations. This study evaluated the residual and contact effects of crude ethanol and aqueous extracts of four plants (Azadirachta indica, Jatropha curcas, Piper guineense, and Aframomum melegueta) on adult P. fusca in the laboratory and field. Results All the extracts had residual effects and contact effects on adult insects in the laboratory at 75% and 100% concentrations of applications. Azadirachta indica, P. guineense, and A. melegueta gave 80–100% adult mortality at both concentrations in the laboratory; their efficacies were comparable to cypermethrin. The ethanol extracts of P. guineense and A. indica were more effective than other extracts in protecting the seedlings against Phytolyma infestations in the field. They significantly (p < 0.01) reduced infestation compared to other extracts and control. Ethanol extracts of the tested plant materials were more effective than their aqueous extracts both in the laboratory and field. Conclusion The results proved that P. guineense and A. indica extracts were very potent and promising in protecting Milicia excelsa seedlings against Phytolyma fusca infestations and they can be used in the early management of Phytolyma infestations in the field.

scholarly journals Application of Plant Extracts in Micropropagation and Cryopreservation of Bleeding Heart: An Ornamental-Medicinal Plant Species

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 542
Author(s):  
Dariusz Kulus ◽  
Natalia Miler
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
The Other ◽  
White Gold ◽  
Natural Extracts ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Impact

Lamprocapnos spectabilis (L.) Fukuhara (bleeding heart) is valued both in the horticultural and pharmaceutical markets. Despite its great popularity, information on the in vitro tissue culture technology in this species is limited. There is also little knowledge on the application of plant extracts in the tissue culture systems of plants other than orchids. The aim of this study is to compare the utility of traditional plant growth regulators (PGRs) and natural extracts—obtained from the coconut shreds, as well as oat, rice, and sesame seeds—in the micropropagation and cryopreservation of L. spectabilis ‘Gold Heart’ and ‘White Gold’. The biochemical analysis of extracts composition is also included. In the first experiment related to micropropagation via axillary buds activation, the single-node explants were cultured for a 10-week-long propagation cycle in the modified Murashige and Skoog medium fortified either with 1.11 µM benzyladenine (BA) and 1.23 µM indole-3-butritic acid (IBA) or with 10% (v/v) plant extracts. A PGRs- and extract-free control was also considered. In the cryopreservation experiment, the same 10% (v/v) extracts were added into the medium during a seven-day preculture in the encapsulation-vitrification cryopreservation protocol. It was found that the impact of natural additives was cultivar- and trait-specific. In the first experiment, the addition of coconut extract favoured the proliferation of shoots and propagation ratio in bleeding heart ‘Gold Heart’. Rice extract, on the other hand, promoted callus formation in ‘White Gold’ cultivar and was more effective in increasing the propagation ratio in this cultivar than the conventional plant growth regulators (4.1 and 2.6, respectively). Sesame extract suppressed the development of the explants in both cultivars analysed, probably due to the high content of polyphenols. As for the second experiment, the addition of plant extracts into the preculture medium did not increase the survival level of the cryopreserved shoot tips (sesame and oat extracts even decreased this parameter). On the other hand, coconut extract, abundant in simple sugars and endogenous cytokinins, stimulated a more intensive proliferation and growth of shoots after rewarming of samples. Analysing the synergistic effect of conventional plant growth regulators and natural extracts should be considered in future studies related to L. spectabilis.

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