scholarly journals PROVISION OF THE PUBLIC RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION AGAINST RADON EXPOSURE. CHALLENGES AND RESOLUTIONS

2018 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey M. Kiselev ◽  
I. P. Stamat ◽  
A. M. Marenny ◽  
L. A. Ilyin
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Radiological Protection ◽  
Radon Exposure ◽  
The Public ◽  
Current State ◽  
Russian President ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
State Of Affairs

In the Year of Ecology, announced by the Russian President in the Decree №7, 05/01/16, the authors aim both to draw the attention of the scientific community to the public radiological protection issues concerning radon exposure in Russia and to recognize the neccesity of their resolution. Taking into account the modern scientific evidence on the health impacts of radon and its progenies, the changes of the regulatory approaches to public radiation protection are analyzed. Considering modern challenges in the radon control the current state of affairs in Russia is reviewed. The achieved results in public radiation protection in Russia and new challenges are discussed taking into account new WHO, ICRP and IAEA recommendations. The potential means to improve the current national radon strategy are considered.

scholarly journals Project Management in Iceland: Current and Future Importance of Project Management within the Icelandic Economy - Paper 2 of 3

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 81-97
Author(s):  
Þórður Víkingur Friðgeirsson ◽  
Helgi Þór Ingason ◽  
Haukur Ingi Jónasson
Keyword(s):  
Project Management ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Nordic Country ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Technical Approach ◽  
The Public ◽  
Current State ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
Near Future

The project management profession has evolved from being a simple technical approach to planning to becoming a full-fledged profession that plays an essential role within the global economy. This paper, which is the second of three under the general heading Project management in Iceland, looks at the importance of project management within Icelandic organizations and the Icelandic economy. The paper explores the developmental path of the project management profession, looks at the current state of affairs, and identifies possible future trends though two surveys conducted Iceland. This study reveals the importance of project management in Iceland, a developed Nordic country, as a proportion of its economy. The study indicates that close to one third of the Gross Value Added (GVA) in the Icelandic economy is based on project-related work. The study, furthermore, indicates that the importance and application of project management will increase in the near future. This sends a clear message to both industry and the public sector on what kind of strategic and tactical alignments and what kind of professional competences are needed for future economy and society. Furthermore, the study describes - and deploys - two methods that can be used to measure the importance and trends within the project management profession and as indicators of what has been named “projectification" of society.

scholarly journals Themes and methodological issues in Court Interpreting research

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Hale
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Forensic Linguistics ◽  
The Public ◽  
Current State ◽  
Police Interviews ◽  
Court Interpreting ◽  
Perceptions And Expectations ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Research Studies

The field of Legal Interpreting encompasses a wide variety of contexts including police interviews and interrogations, lawyer-client conferences, tribunal and court hearings and trials. Most of the research carried out in the field to date has concentrated on the discourse of the courtroom in Common Law countries (Berk-Seligson 1988, 1990, 1999; Hale 1997b, 1999, 2004; Mason & Stewart 2001; Pym, 1999; Rigney 1997). This is partly due to the availability of the data, as most courtrooms are open to the public, but also due to the vast amount of research conducted into the language of the courtroom, which has served as a theoretical basis for the study of court interpreting. These studies draw on discourse analysis, the ethnography of language, pragmatics, experimental psychology and forensic linguistics to inform their methods. Other research into legal interpreting has looked at other , non-linguistic aspects of the practice, such as role perceptions and expectations, using social science methods of surveys, interviews and focus groups (Fowler 1997; Kelly 2000; Hale & Luzardo 1997; Angelelli 2004). Fewer studies have concentrated on the other aspects of legal interpreting, such as police interpreting (Krouglov 1999; Berk-Seligson 2000; Russell 2004; Wadensjš 1997) and tribunal hearings (Wadensjš 1992; Mason & Stewart 2001; Barsky 1996). With the exception of a limited number of experimental studies (Berk-Seligson 1990 and Hale 2004) most legal interpreting research studies have been descriptive, qualitative and speculative, providing useful information on the current state of affairs but little on the impact such practices have on the legal process. This contribution will concentrate only on court interpreting research. It will review the major research projects to date, highlight their strengths and weaknesses, identify the gaps that exist in our knowledge of the field andproposefurther research studies tofill such gaps.

Conclusion: Technocracy at the End of the World

2020 ◽  
pp. 251-258
Author(s):  
Anders Esmark
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Political Decision ◽  
Current State ◽  
The World ◽  
The Face ◽  
Important Challenge ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
Political Decision Making

Taking up the case of climate change, the conclusion considers the argument for moretechnocracy in the face of ‘the end world as we know it’. Climate change is probably the strongest case for a technocratic model of political decision-making. At the very least, insufficient political adherence to the scientific evidence on climate change is an almost commonsensical part of the problem of in the current state of affairs. While fully acknowledging this problem, the chapter argues that attention to the destructive and mutually reinforcing interplay of technocracy and populism is necessary also in to the all-important challenge of climate change.

Radiation protection challenges in applications of ionising radiation on animals in veterinary practice

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 158-168
Author(s):  
N.E. Martinez ◽  
L. Van Bladel
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Ionising Radiation ◽  
Radiological Protection ◽  
Common Belief ◽  
The Public ◽  
Veterinary Practice ◽  
Protection Strategies ◽  
The Common

As we work towards a holistic approach to radiation protection, we begin to consider and integrate protection beyond humans to include, among other things, non-human biota. Non-human biota not only includes environmental flora and fauna, but also livestock, companion animals, working animals, etc. Although under consideration, there is currently little guidance in terms of protection strategies for types of non-human biota beyond wildlife. For example, in recent years, veterinary procedures that make use of ionising radiation have increased in number and have diversified considerably, which has made radiation protection in veterinary applications of ionising radiation more challenging, both for humans and the animal patients. In fact, the common belief that doses to professionals and members of the public from these applications will be very low to negligible, and doses to the animals will not be acutely harmful nor even affect their lifetime probability of developing cancer, needs to be revisited in the light of higher dose diagnostic and interventional techniques, and certainly in the case of therapeutic applications. This paper provides a brief overview of the initiatives of the International Commission on Radiological Protection concerning radiation protection aspects of veterinary practice, and poses a variety of perspectives for consideration and further discussion.

scholarly journals Thinking Critically About Business Ethics

2004 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Peter Dean ◽  
Mary Ann Boose
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Business Ethics ◽  
News Media ◽  
Thinking Skills ◽  
Critical Thinking Skills ◽  
Business Professionals ◽  
The Public ◽  
Ethical Decisions ◽  
Current State ◽  
State Of Affairs

In this study, we teach students and business professionals to apply a formal process of critical thinking to the issues of business ethics.  Every new scandal generates a renewed interest in busin-ess ethics, leading the news media and the public to lament the current state of affairs, sometimes asking why colleges and schools of business don’t do a better job of teaching ethics. Many suggest that business owners and managers do not act as ethically as in the past.  Some say that they can-not act ethically.  The critical thinking skills and examples included in this study can serve to help students of business and professionals in business as they approach difficult ethical decisions.

Speech-Language Pathology Assistants Current State of Affairs

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lemmietta McNeilly
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
The United States ◽  
Speech Language Pathology ◽  
The Public ◽  
School Based ◽  
Current State ◽  
Language Pathology ◽  
Educational Requirements ◽  
State Of Affairs

Abstract The utilization of speech-language pathology assistants (SLPAs) is increasing in the United States particularly in the public schools. The American Speech-Language-Hearing Association provides specific guidelines regarding the training, use, and supervision of (SLPAs; ASHA, 2004). The current state of affairs of SLPAs involves variable requirements across the states to qualify for SLPA credentials. The programs that educate SLPAs have variable technical and curricular requirements, and the educational requirements for regulating SLPAs also vary across the states. School-based SLPs continue to raise questions about the supervision requirements, funding, and reimbursement issues for working with SLPA in schools across the country.

scholarly journals The Era of Mercy. Ways of Criminality Development

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitry Zhmurov ◽  
Alexander Protasyevich ◽  
Alena Kostromina
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
Topical Issue ◽  
Violent Crimes ◽  
Criminal Violence ◽  
Current State ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
Near Future

The article examines certain aspects of the global development of criminality in the near future. Particular emphasis is placed on several trends that are already manifesting themselves at the present time: a) growing virtualization of criminality; b) reduction of effectiveness (performance) of some forms of criminal violence; c) increase of conspiracy of criminal activity; d) growing rates of «victimless crime». In analyzing these indicators, the article offers a hypothesis of the «humanization» of modern criminality, which manifests in reducing the number of violent crimes, as less effective in the current historical context. It considers some particular examples of criminal activity that confirm the authors' conclusions (for example, cookie-dropping, hidden mining, unobvious frauds). In general, an analysis of the current state of affairs allows to make a conclusion about the extremely topical issue of systematic and comprehensive assessment of the expected Internet threats, comparative study of methods to counter them in the context of various legal systems and the ability of national legislation to adequately respond to new challenges.

scholarly journals Analysis of FDA’s IQOS marketing authorisation and its policy impacts

2020 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2019-055585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Kass Lempert ◽  
Stanton Glantz
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Marketing Authorisation ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Public Confidence ◽  
Independent Research ◽  
The Public ◽  
Philip Morris ◽  
Important Health ◽  
The Usa

BackgroundPhilip Morris Products SA (PMPSA) submitted a premarket tobacco application (PMTA) to US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) seeking an order permitting it to market IQOS in the USA. US law requires FDA to deny marketing authorisation if applicants fail to demonstrate that their product is ‘appropriate for the protection of the public health’. FDA issued a marketing order for IQOS in April 2019, which Philip Morris is using to promote IQOS outside the USA.MethodsWe analysed FDA’s Technical Project Lead Review and marketing order for IQOS, relevant law and guidance on PMTAs and independent research on the health impacts of IQOS.ResultsFDA found that the evidence PMPSA submitted did not demonstrate reduction in long-term disease risks and that IQOS aerosol emits toxins with carcinogenic and genotoxic potential, some at higher levels than conventional cigarettes. PMPSA did not appropriately consider the health impacts of dual use, the product’s attractiveness to youth or data showing that consumers do not accurately perceive the addiction risks of IQOS. Despite FDA’s own scientists’ recommendations and independent research showing that IQOS presents serious risks to users including cytotoxic, genotoxic, hepatotoxic, cardiovascular and pulmonary risks, FDA concluded that IQOS is ‘appropriate for the protection of the public health’.ConclusionFDA’s decision allowing IQOS to be marketed in the USA disregarded valid scientific evidence and misapplied the public health standard mandated by law. This decision may have important health impacts, influence marketing IQOS outside the USA and erode public confidence in FDA’s future PMTA decisions.

Radiation protection at the iron mines in the conditions of technogenically increased sources of natural origin

2020 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-66
Author(s):  
L.O. Ischenko ◽  
T.A. Kovalchuk
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Radiological Protection ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Radon Exposure ◽  
Natural Origin ◽  
Radiation Control ◽  
Decay Products ◽  
Key Words Iron

The Purpose of the Research. To draw up a system of measures for radiation protection at the iron ore mines to facilitate the control of the natural exposure component of miners and to ensure that the established dose criteria are not exceeded. Methodsand Materials. During the development of the measures, the results and conclusions of the radiation-hygienic study of the Kryvyi Rih Agglomeration iron ore mines, the territory of which was identified as radon-dangerous with the presence of man-made sources of natural origin, were used. The measurements were made on the selected network of control points at the horizons of the mines. For analysis, the system was used to measure the volumetric activity of radon and its subsidiary decay products in the mine atmosphere, the dose rate of gamma radiation in mines, the content of natural radionuclides in the ores, the dustiness of the mine atmosphere. At the same time, they were guided by the main regulatory and methodological base. Results and Conclusions.The main stages of the developed system of radiation protection at iron ore mines in terms of technogenic-enhanced sources of natural origin are: radiation-hygienic examination, radiation control, protection measures for normalization of radiation situation, control of the effectiveness of radiation prevention, preventive protection. The decision on the need for radiation monitoring and the implementation of radiation protection measures for iron ore mines is made on the basis of the preliminary survey, which determines the categories of the mine and the type of control. On the basis of the conducted research of iron ore mines of Kryvyi Rih Agglomeration, a system of radiation protection was developed and ordered, the sequence of implementation of measures of radiation examination, radiation control and normalization of radiation situation was substantiated. The measures developed need to be consistent with the recommendations of the International Commission on Radiation Protection regarding radiological protection against radon exposure in the workplace. Key Words: iron ore mines, radiation protection, radiation control, radon, man-made sources of natural origin, miners.

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