scholarly journals Pathophysiological justification for admission of athletes who underwent community­acquired pneumonia to training loads.

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (5) ◽  
pp. 433-438
Author(s):  
O. A. Sultanova ◽  
Г. A. Lazareva ◽  
A. D. Repetyuk ◽  
A. G. Klimets
Keyword(s):  
Recovery Period ◽  
Functional Condition ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Minute Volume ◽  
Dynamic Monitoring ◽  
External Respiration ◽  
Oxygen Utilization ◽  
Cardiorespiratory System ◽  
Clinical Recovery ◽  
Group I

Objective: to study the power supply of veloergometric loading in athletes who underwent community-acquired pneumonia to justify the renewal term of physical activity as well as its volume and intensity. Material and methods: 80 athletes aged from 17 to 26 years who were engaged in cyclic sports with I qualification grade and higherwere examined. They were divided into 2 groups: 43 athletes with community-acquired pneumonia (group I) and 37 healthy athletes (group II). The group I included subgroup IA (n=28) withgenerally accepted standard medical treatment of community-acquired pneumonia and subgroup IB (n=15) with additional complex of therapeutic gymnastics, massage, physiotherapeutic procedures. All participants underwent complex general clinical, radiologic and laboratory examinations and alsosome special tests asspirography and spiroergometry, electrocardiography, veloergometric exercise. Results: Athletes with community-acquired pneumonia at the time of clinical recovery showed significant violations of the functional state of the cardiorespiratory system both after exercise and during the recovery period. However amongthe sportsmen with community-acquiredpneumonia all studiedparameters restored more quickly in the subgroup IB, where remedial gymnastics, massage and physiotherapy were used in complex treatment. It was shown that the most informativeparameters for dynamic monitoring of the functional condition of athletes who underwent community-acquired pneumoniawererespiratory minute volume(RMV), heart rate (HR), oxygen pulse of work (peak O pulse), oxygen-utilization coefficient (OUC). Conclusions: athletes who underwentcommunity-acquired pneumoniacan be admitted to training and competitive loads in terms of not earlier than one month after clinical recovery. Admission to training and competitive loads should be conducted after a comparative analysis of the functional parameters of the external respiration system at rest, veloergometric loading and in the recovery period.

scholarly journals Age features of O2 mass transfer regimes in adolescents’ body at rest

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 344-349
Author(s):  
D. Komolafe ◽  
M. Filippov ◽  
V. Ilyin ◽  
A. Klimenko
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Quantitative Relationship ◽  
The Body ◽  
External Respiration ◽  
Oxygen Utilization ◽  
Cardiorespiratory System ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Age Related ◽  
System Functioning ◽  
Age Features

The results of complex studies of the quantitative relationship between the stage-by-stage mass transfer of O2 and the efficiency of cardiorespiratory system functioning in relation to its consumption in adolescents’ body under conditions of relative rest are presented. The results obtained show that in adolescents, the modes of mass transfer of O2 in the body and the nature of the respiratory and circulatory systems functioning in relation to its consumption have a number of age-related differences compared with adult men. So, in adolescents, the external respiration system at rest functions less economically than in adults. Each liter of O2 consumed by adolescents is extracted from almost 3 liters more than in adults the amount of air ventilated per minute through the lungs. The volumetric indicators of blood circulation are also higher in adolescents, which may indicate the influence of neuro-humoral rearrangements in the body during the pubertal period. The coefficient of oxygen utilization by tissues from arterial blood in adolescents turned out to be significantly higher, which may characterize a higher tension of tissue metabolic processes.

scholarly journals 5 giorni di antibiotico per le polmoniti non complicate sono sufficienti: i risultati di non inferiorità del SAFER RCT

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Gruppo di lettura di Reggio Emilia
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Emergency Departments ◽  
Protocol Analysis ◽  
Brief Therapy ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Clinical Recovery ◽  
First Choice

5 days of antibiotic for uncomplicated pneumonia is enough: the non-inferiority results of the SAFER RCT The most important guidelines for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) indicate amoxicillin as the drug of first choice, however there is a lack of evidence-based indications about the duration of this therapy. This study conducted in 2 emergency departments in Canada randomized 281 children aged 6 months to 10 years with CAP without the need for hospitalization to treatment with high-dose amoxicillin for 5 days versus a traditional 10 day therapy. In terms of clinical recovery, both groups presented comparable results. In fact, the “per protocol” analysis, recommended for a “non-inferiority” design, did not formally provide this result. The exclusively clinical recruitment criteria (any investigations were optional), well reflect the reality of primary care, and the results, albeit with some limitations, suggest that in uncomplicated CAP, brief therapy should be considered in the guidelines.

scholarly journals Etiology of community-acquired pneumonia and prevalence of comorbidities in elderly patient population

2020 ◽  
pp. 242-248
Author(s):  
Sergey K. Zyryanov ◽  
M.S. Chenkurov ◽  
Marina A. Ivzhits ◽  
Yu.A. Batechko ◽  
E.B. Ivanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Patient ◽  
Patient Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Old Patients ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Enterococcus Spp

Objective. To investigate the mortality rate, comorbidity prevalence, and etiology of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in elderly patient population. Materials and Methods. Hospitalized elderly patients with CAP were distributed into the following age groups: 65–74 years (group I), 75–84 years (group II) and 85–94 years (group III). The patients’ medical records were used for determining comorbidities and mortality rate. In order to determine etiology of CAP, sputum or BAL samples were collected. A total of 171 isolates were identified using MALDI-TOF MS. Results. The mortality rates were 27.1%, 31.5% and 45.7% in age groups I, II, III, respectively. The most common concomitant diseases in all age groups were arterial hypertension (47.4%, 54.6%, and 62.8% for groups I, II, and III, respectively), chronic heart failure (45.7%, 50.9%, and 60.0%, respectively), and coronary heart disease (15.2%, 25.9%, and 24.3%, respectively). The most frequently isolated bacteria by age group were the following: group I – non-fermenting Gram-negative bacteria (NFGNB) (7.4%), Enterobacterales (6.6%), S. aureus (6.6%); group II – Enterobacterales (13.9%), S. aureus (5.6%), Enterococcus spp. (5.6%), NFGNB (2.8%); group III – NFGNB (15.4%), S. aureus (7.7%), Enterococcus spp. (7.7%), Enerobacterales (7.7%). Conclusions. The mortality rates in elderly patients with CAP were high and varied from 27.1% in 65–74 years old patients to 45.7% in 85–94 years old patients. The most common comorbidities in all age groups were arterial hypertension (up to 62.8%), chronic heart failure (up to 60%), and coronary heart disease (up to 25.9%). The main pathogens causing CAP in elderly patient population were Enterobacterales and non-fermenting Gram-negative bacteria.

Effect of V2-receptor-mediated changes on inner medullary blood flow induced by AVP

1987 ◽  
Vol 253 (3) ◽  
pp. F576-F581 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Kiberd ◽  
C. R. Robertson ◽  
T. Larson ◽  
R. L. Jamison
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Control Period ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Urinary Flow ◽  
Medullary Blood Flow ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Group I ◽  
Vasa Recta ◽  
V2 Receptor

We have previously shown that arginine vasopressin (AVP) in physiological amounts reduces inner medullary blood flow and that the mechanism of this decrease is at least in part mediated by the vasopressor (V1-receptor) action of AVP. To determine whether the antidiuretic action of AVP (V2-receptor) also contributes to the reduction in inner medullary blood flow, we determined capillary blood flow (QVR) in individual descending vasa recta (DVR) and ascending vasa recta (AVR) using fluorescence videomicroscopy in the exposed renal papilla of the anesthetized rat. Three groups of chronically water-diuretic rats were studied in three consecutive periods: control (period 1), experimental (period 2), and recovery (period 3). Group I rats (designated the AVP group) received AVP, 45 ng X h-1 X kg body wt-1; group II (AVP + V2-inhibitor), AVP plus its specific antidiuretic antagonist d(CH2)5[D-Ile2,Thr4]AVP; and group III (V2-inhibitor), the antagonist alone, respectively, in the experimental period 2. Only group I rats concentrated their urine, urine osmolality (Uosmol) = 499 +/- 48 mosmol/kgH2O, whereas urine remained hypotonic throughout in groups II and III. In group I, QVR in DVR and AVR decreased in period 2; but in groups II and III, QVR tended to increase. These results suggest that the AVP-induced decrease in papillary vasa recta blood flow is in part mediated by its antidiuretic V2-receptor as well as by its vasopressor (V1-receptor). They also suggest that the rate of urinary flow in the medullary collecting ducts is a determinant of inner medullary blood flow.

Hemodynamic response of normal men to graded treadmill exercise

1964 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burton S. Tabakin ◽  
John S. Hanson ◽  
Thornton W. Merriam ◽  
Edgar J. Caldwell
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Treadmill Exercise ◽  
Minute Volume ◽  
Peripheral Vascular ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Elimination ◽  
Oxygen Utilization

The physiologic variables defining the circulatory and respiratory state in normal man have been measured in recumbency, standing at rest and during progressively severe grades of exercise approaching near-maximal levels. Indicator-dilution technique was used for determination of cardiac output with simultaneous radio-electrocardiographic recordings of heart rate. Direct intra-arterial pressure measurements were utilized for calculation of peripheral vascular resistance. Minute volume of ventilation, oxygen utilization, and carbon dioxide elimination were obtained from analysis of expired air collected at the time of each cardiac output determination. A peak mean workload of 1,501 kg-m/min was realized during the treadmill exercise. Increases in cardiac output over the range of exercise employed correlated well with indices of workload such as heart rate, oxygen utilization, and minute volume of ventilation. There was no correlation of stroke volume with these indices. It is concluded from examination of individual stroke-volume responses that a progressive increase in stroke volume is not a necessary or constant phenomenon in adapting to increasing workload. cardiac output in treadmill exercise; dye-dilution cardiac output determinations; arterial pressure during upright exercise; stroke-volume response to graded treadmill exercise; exercise response of cardiac output and stroke volume; peripheral vascular resistance response to position and exercise; treadmill exercise—effects on cardiac output, stroke volume, and oxygen uptake; minute ventilation, cardiac output, and stroke volume during exercise; carbon dioxide elimination during treadmill exercise; heart rate and cardiac output during treadmill exercise; exercise; physiology Submitted on July 12, 1963

Exposure of energy-depleted rat trabeculae to low pH improves contractile recovery: role of calcium

1995 ◽  
Vol 268 (4) ◽  
pp. H1510-H1520 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. van Hardeveld ◽  
V. J. Schouten ◽  
A. Muller ◽  
E. T. van der Meulen ◽  
G. Elzinga
Keyword(s):  
Recovery Period ◽  
Muscle Tension ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Tyrode Solution ◽  
Normal Medium ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Saving Effect

The beneficial effect of low pH during cardiac ischemia on reperfusion injury has often been attributed to its energy-saving effect due to inhibition of contraction. The role of low pH on Ca2+ accumulation and muscle tension was assessed in energy-depleted tissue by changing the pH of the medium from 7.4 to 6.2 at onset of rigor development during metabolic inhibition (MI), i.e., in the energy-depleted phase. Cytosolic free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) and intracellular H+ (pHi) were measured in rat trabeculae at 20 degrees C with fura 2 and 2',7'-bis(carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein, respectively, and tension was recorded. The preparations were energy depleted by stimulation at 1 Hz in glucose-free Tyrode solution with 2 mM NaCN. Rigor developed within 20 min, indicating energy depletion. Resting [Ca2+]i was followed during 50 min (group I) or 100 min (group II) of rigor, and recovery was followed for 60 min in glucose-containing Tyrode solution at 0.2-Hz stimulation. Resting [Ca2+]i rose within 50 min (group I) but stabilized in the 50- to 100-min period (group II). All preparations from group I (n = 5) resumed contraction in the recovery period but in group II (n = 10) 70% failed to recover, and [Ca2+]i remained elevated compared with those that recovered. An extracellular pH of 6.2, resulting in similar pHi, from onset of rigor development (group III) led to only a modest rise in [Ca2+]i during the 100-min rigor period, and all preparations resumed contraction after approximately 3 min in normal medium. ATP was very low in all groups at the end of MI but was still significantly lower in group II than in groups I and III. A beneficial energy-sparing effect of low pH during the rigor phase can therefore not be excluded. We conclude that 1) the capacity of trabeculae to recover from MI depends on the time period and magnitude of the [Ca2+]i rise in the energy-depleted phase and 2) low pH in energy-depleted trabeculae protects against Ca overload, improving recovery after normalization of perfusion conditions.

scholarly journals Xylazine, diazepam and midazolam premedicated ketamine anaesthesia in White Leghorn cockerels for typhlectomy

2006 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S.K. Maiti ◽  
R. Tiwary ◽  
P. Vasan ◽  
A. Dutta
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
White Leghorn ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Blood Electrolytes ◽  
Group I ◽  
Baseline Values ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Single Comb ◽  
Surgical Operations

Thee different combinations of ketamine hydrochloride were used to induce general anaesthesia for surgical operations (typhlectomy) in 30 adult, single-comb White Leghorn cockerels. They were randomly divided into three groups, each comprising 10 birds. Birds in Group I received xylazine-ketamine combinations at the dose rate of 2 mg xylazine and 10 mg ketamine per kg i.v., whereas birds of Group II received diazepam (2.5 mg / kg i.v.) and 5 min later ketamine (75 mg / kg i.m.). In the Group III, midazolam (2 mg / kg i.m.) and 5 min later ketamine (50 mg / kg i.v.) was administered. The onset of sedation / anaesthesia was shortest (1.60 + 0.27 min) in Group I, followed by Group II (8.40 + 0.83 min) and Group III (17.10 + 1.71 min). Recovery period was shortest in the Group I (65-75 min) followed by Group II (80-85 min) and Group III (92-105 min). Sedation, muscle relaxation and surgical anaesthesia was optimal and excellent in Group I compared with the other two groups. Torticollis, salivation and dyspnoea were observed in Group III. Short-term limb contractions were present in all birds in Groups II and III, up to 20 min of observation. Recovery from anaesthesia was smooth in all three groups. A Surgical procedure (typhlectomy) was performed on all birds. Hypothermia was observed in Group II, whereas heart and respiratory depression was recorded in Group I. Blood sugar level did not vary significantly in any anaesthetic regime. The reduction of haemoglobin was maximum in Group II compared with Groups I and III. Hypoxaemia and hypercapnaea were elevated in all birds in Groups II and III. Blood electrolytes did not vary significantly from the baseline values among the three groups of birds during the period of observation (120 min). The xylazine-ketamine combination was found to be the best anaesthesia for surgical intervention in chickens.

scholarly journals Neutrophil Oxidized-Modified Proteins and Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Patients with Community-Acquired Pneumonia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Vilen Molotov-Luchanskiy ◽  
Altynbek Nukhuly ◽  
Larissa Muravlyova ◽  
Ryszhan Bakirova ◽  
Aruna Kossybayeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Moderate Severity ◽  
Extracellular Traps ◽  
Detection Frequency ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Modified Proteins

Background and Objectives. Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) has a high mortality rate among adult patients throughout the world. The highest mortality is registered in the older age group with a steady increase in the number of cases of morbidity among persons of working age. Neutrophils are one of the most urgent areas of research, since their condition largely determines the development and outcome of acute pneumonia. We study the indices of oxidative stress and oxidized-modified proteins of neutrophils in CAP patients, depending on the degree of severity, and also compare the detection frequency of neutrophil extracellular traps in the progression of pneumonia. Materials and Methods. 51 patients with CAP were divided into 2 groups depending on the severity of the pathological process. The first group (I) consisted of 32 patients with moderate severity of pneumonia. The second group (II) consisted of 19 patients with severe pneumonia. The third group (III), the comparison group, consisted of 14 CAP patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The control group consisted of 19 volunteers. Results. Statistically significant increase in the level of carbonyl derivatives (CD) in patients of all study groups relative to the control group was revealed. In the group of patients with moderate severity and severe pneumonia, also in CAP patients with COPD, the level of CD exceeded the control group. There was no statistically significant difference in the level of advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in blood neutrophils between the studied groups. Conclusion. Results indicate an oxidative imbalance in neutrophils and contribute to the worsening of the course of the disease.

Safety of balanced propofol and midazolam in upper gastrointestinal endoscopy for sedation in cirrhotic patients

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Laima Alam ◽  
Mohammad Asif Khattak ◽  
Mafaza Alam
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Endoscopy ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Hepatic Clearance ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy ◽  
Patient’S Satisfaction ◽  
Dose Time ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cirrhotic Patients ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal

Abstract Objective: Sedation for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (UGIE) in patients with cirrhosis is theoretically associated with high incidence of adverse events due to low levels of binding proteins and decreased hepatic clearance of drugs. The objective of the study was to assess the safety of combined propofol and midazolam sedation in cirrhotic patients undergoing UGIE. Methods: A total of 500 patients undergoing UGIE were divided in to two groups in a prospective observational study from Jan 1st 2018 to June 30th 2018. Group (I) consisted of cirrhotic patients who underwent the procedure with sedation and Group (II) consisted of non-cirrhotic patients who opted for sedation. The main outcome measurements included vitals monitoring before, during and after procedure, total sedation dose, time to initial and deep sedation, recovery time and complications. Results: There was no significant difference between sedation safety and rate of complications for the cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic patients except for the recovery period during initial 10 minutes. The Modified Aldrete score for the cirrhotic patients was 9.5±0.5 min as compared to 9.8±0.4 min for non-cirrhotic patients (p<0.001) at 10 minutes. Grade 2 hepatic encephalopathy was seen in 0.8% of the cirrhotic patients who required hospitalization for 24 hours. Also balanced sedation was acceptable by the patients and the endoscopists equally with statistically significant scores on endoscopist’s assessment of co-operation and assessment of patient’s satisfaction scores. Continuous...

Burrowing behaviour and anaerobiosis in the bivalve Arctica islandica (L.)

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Initial Rate ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Ventilation Rate ◽  
Oxygen Utilization ◽  
Arctica Islandica ◽  
Aerobic Conditions ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Burrowing Activity

In laboratory tanks as well as in the sea Arctica islandica shows a pattern of intermittent burrowing activity. Periods spent at the surface of the deposit alternate with periods buried several centimetres beneath the surface of the sand, during which the animals respire anaerobically. There is no obvious rhythmicity to this behaviour; the duration of periods spent beneath the surface is very variable even in the same animal, but normally lasts between 1 and 7 days.On the return to aerobic conditions both the heart rate and oxygen consumption areincreased but decline gradually during the following 20–25 h. This increased oxygen uptake is caused primarily by an increase in oxygen utilization but there is little change in ventilation rate. Both the initial rate of oxygen consumption and the duration of the recovery period show a correlation with the duration of the period of anaerobiosis. The concentration of alaninc in the blood of Arctica is high immediately after the return to aerobic conditions but declines during the recovery period. The similarity in the time taken for the concentration of alanine in the blood and the oxygen consumption of Arctica to return to normal levels suggests that at least part of this increased oxygen demand is associated with the metabolism of end-products of anaerobiosis.

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