scholarly journals Investigating the role of governmental scholarships, technical training and R&D in the provision of better-quality education in Asia

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1672-1684
Author(s):  
Noorhapizah Noorhapizah ◽  
Amhar Amhar
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Unit Root Test ◽  
Quality Of Education ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Development Expenditure ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Asian Economy

It is believed that the significance of various factors like the availability of training in technical terms, research and development expenditure, and government scholarships play a major role in increasing the quality of education. This study has been carried out in order to analyze the detailed impact of various variables on the quality of education in the region of Asia. For this purpose, data was collected over the last 26 years from various Asian economies while considering different databases and sources as well. After collecting the data, unit root test was used in order to analyze the cointegration. Furthermore, ARDL test was also applied in order to investigate the short run and long run relationship between the study variables. The findings of the study reveals the fact that there is a positive impact of selected explanatory variables on the quality of education in Asian economy. Furthermore, the authors conclude that various policy makers, and decision makers can use the present study in both theoretical and practical perspectives as well. However, various limitations are also associated with the present study.   Keywords: Asia ; government scholarship;quality of educationresearch and development.

scholarly journals Education and inclusive growth in West Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwatosin Adeniyi ◽  
Patricia Iyore Ajayi ◽  
Abdulfatai Adekunle Adedeji
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Quality Of Education ◽  
Inclusive Growth ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run

PurposeMany West African countries face the challenge of growth inclusiveness. The region is also facing challenges of equipping its teeming population with high-quality skills despite many reforms and initiatives introduced in the past. This study, thus, identifies education as a crucial contributory factor to growth inclusiveness in the region. It, therefore, examined the role of education in growth inclusiveness in West Africa between 1990 and 2017.Design/methodology/approachThe study utilised different proxies to capture quantity and quality dimensions of education. The unit root and ARDL “Bounds” tests were employed at a preliminary stage. Based on the preliminary tests, the study explored autoregressive distributed lags modelling technique to capture the short-run and long-run dynamic effects.FindingsThe empirical results reveal a positive impact of school enrolment measures in most of the countries in both short-run and long-run. Education quality measure exerts positive impact and significant in few countries under consideration.Practical implicationsThese countries should give adequate attention to quality when designing education policy to foster their inclusive growth.Originality/valueThis study highlights the critical role of education in the inclusive growth pursuit. Education quantity is important to growth inclusiveness but the quality of education is more fundamental. The quality of education possessed determine to a large extent, what individual can contribute to the productive activities within the economy and accessibility to benefits from economic prosperity.

scholarly journals Public Debt and Economic Growth in Niger: An Autoregressive Distributed Lag Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-65
Author(s):  
Issoufou Oumarou
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Public Debt ◽  
Unit Root Test ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run

Purpose: The aim of the paper is to examine the existence or not of a long run or a short run relationship between public debt and economic in Niger and investigate the significance of this relationship. Approach/Methodology/Design: The study first applied time series econometrics tests such as Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) unit root test, Bound cointegration test and Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) on annual data obtained from the International monetary fund (IMF) and the West African States Central Bank (BCEAO). The observations cover the period from 1970 to 2019. The study then performed some residual tests including serial correlation, normality and heteroskedasticity for the accuracy of the prediction of the model. Findings: The empirical results showed no long run relationship between public debt and economic growth in Niger. The short run analysis revealed that public debt and budget balance have short run causal effects on economic growth in Niger. The coefficients are significant at 10% significance level. Practical Implications: This article gives valuable information to Niger policy makers regarding the effects of public debt on Niger economic growth. The article highlights the effects that public debt has on economic growth in Niger in the short and long run. Therefore helping policy makers decide whether to increase or reduce the borrowing trend. Originality/value: The results of the paper give valuable information on the relationship that public debt may have with economic growth in Sub Saharan African countries with the similar macroeconomic indicators with Niger.

scholarly journals Effect of Public Investment on Private Investment: Evidence from Ethiopia

2022 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Temesgen Merga
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Crowding Out ◽  
Bounds Testing ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Ardl Bounds Testing Approach

This study examined the effect of public investment on private investment and their relative effects on Ethiopia economic growth. The study employed the ARDL bounds testing approach. The empirical results revealed that public investment has a crowding-in effect on private investment in the long run which means, public investment stimulates private investment in the long run. However, the study revealed that public investment has a crowding out effect on private investment. In the other word, public investment has no direct impact on economic growth in the long run. However, private investment has a significant positive impact on economic growth in the long run while it is negatively related to economic growth in the short run. This suggests that private investment positively contributes to economic growth more than public investment. In addition, economic growth is positively associated with private investment although it is statistically insignificant in the long run. This implies that it is prudent for policy makers not to cut back on the efficient component of public investment and increase infrastructural public investment to a level that promotes private investment in the long run thereby indirectly fostering economic growth.

scholarly journals The Impact of Environmental Regulations, Corruption and Economic Freedom on Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence from China

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Najla Shariff Omar Al Baiti ◽  
Navaz Naghavi ◽  
Benjamin Chan Yin Fah
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Freedom ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Environmental Regulations ◽  
Unit Root Test ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of environmental regulations, corruption and economic freedom on economic growth in China. Different indices were used as measurements of the variables; Environmental Policy Stringency Index, Control of Corruption Index and Economic Freedom of the World Index. The study uses quantitative methods to empirically determine which factors play a role in China’s progressive economic growth rates. Unit root test, Johansen cointegration and the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) modelling were applied to examine the short and long run correlations. Results indicated that there is in fact a correlation between environmental regulations, corruption, economic freedom and economic growth. Long run coefficients demonstrated that environmental regulations had a negative impact on economic growth, while corruption and economic freedom displayed positive results. However, short run coefficients showed that environmental regulation is insignificant in the short run, corruption maintains a positive impact and economic freedom negatively effects economic growth in the short run.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Spot and Futures Prices in Brent Oil Crude Market

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 15-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Mehrara ◽  
Monire Hamldar
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Unit Root Test ◽  
Futures Prices ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Daily Data ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Futures Price ◽  
Johansen Cointegration Test ◽  
The Relationship

This paper investigates the relationship between spot and futures prices in Brent Crude Oil Market using daily data over the period 1990/17/8-2014/11/3. The results of unit root test indicate that both of the spot and futures prices variables are non-stationary. The results of the Johansen cointegration test suggest that there is a long-run relationship between these variables. The dynamic Granger causality captured from the vector error correction model indicates strong bidirectional effects between the spot and futures price of Brent Crude Oil. The coefficient of the ECT and lagged explanatory variables are significant in both equations which indicates that long-run as well as short-run bidirectional causalities between log of spot and futures price.

scholarly journals Better quality of education in Asia

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1685-1697
Author(s):  
Adjat Daradjat
Keyword(s):  
Public Services ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Quality Of Education ◽  
Transparency International ◽  
State Legitimacy ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Impact

The key purpose of this study is to analyse the impact of legitimacy, public services, and democracy on the quality of education in the selected Asian economies like India, Pakistan, Malaysia, Indonesia, Afghanistan, China, Nepal, Bangladesh, Turkey, and Saudi Arabia. The data was collected from various sources like world bank, word economic forum, as well as transparency international. The analysis was performed by using EViews and various statistical tests were also applied in order to analyse the trends in data and the relationship between the study variables as well. The results of ARLD test showed that all three dependent variables were significantly associated with the quality of education. Literacy rate was correlated with the rise in quality of education in the long run, as well as the short run. Population growth also showed a rise in quality of education in the long run but not in the short run. Only state democracy showed positive association in the long run but showed no association in the short run. Various limitations in the form of study variables, data analysis, and methods were associated with the current study. Future studies are highly recommended to address these gaps for better implications. Keywords: Asia; Democracy; Public Services; Quality of Education; State Legitimacy

Fish Exports and Economic Growth: The Pakistan’s Experience

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Tehseen Jawaid ◽  
Mohammad Haris Siddiqui ◽  
Zeeshan Atiq ◽  
Usman Azhar
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Impulse Response Function ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run

This study attempts to explore first time ever the relationship between fish exports and economic growth of Pakistan by employing annual time series data for the period 1974–2013. Autoregressive distributed lag and Johansen and Juselius cointegration results confirm the existence of a positive long-run relationship among the variables. Further, the error correction model reveals that no immediate or short-run relationship exists between fish exports and economic growth. Different sensitivity analyses indicate that initial results are robust. Rolling window analysis has been applied to identify the yearly behaviour of fish exports, and it remains negative from 1979 to 1982, 1984 to 1988, 1993 to 1999, 2004 and from 2010 to 2013, and it shows positive impact from 1989 to 1992, 2000 to 2003 and from 2005 to 2009. Furthermore, the variance decomposition method and impulse response function suggest the bidirectional causal relationship between fish exports and economic growth. The findings are beneficial for policymakers in the area of export planning. This study also provides some policy implications in the final section.

scholarly journals Do Erratic Rainfalls Hamper Grain Production? Analysis of Supply Response of Rice to Price and Non-Price Factors

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1463
Author(s):  
Ghulam Mustafa ◽  
Azhar Abbas ◽  
Bader Alhafi Alotaibi ◽  
Fahd O. Aldosri
Keyword(s):  
Unit Root Test ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Vector Error Correction ◽  
Supply Response ◽  
Target Time ◽  
Vector Error ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Increasing rice production has become one of the ultimate goals for South Asian countries. The yield and area under rice production are also facing threats due to the consequences of climate change such as erratic rainfall and seasonal variation. Thus, the main aim of this work was to find out the supply response of rice in Malaysia in relation to both price and non-price factors. To achieve this target, time series analysis was conducted on data from 1970 to 2014 using cointegration, unit root test, and the vector error correction model. The results showed that the planted area and rainfall have a significant effect on rice production; however, the magnitude of the impact of rainfall is less conspicuous for off-season (season 2) rice as compared to main-season rice (season 1). The speed of adjustment from short-run to long-run for season-1 rice production is almost two-and-a-half years (five production seasons), while for season-2 production, it is only about one-and-a-half year (three production seasons). Consequently, the study findings imply the supply of water to be enhanced through better water infrastructure for both seasons. Moreover, the area under season 2 is continuously declining to the point where the government has to make sure that farmers are able to cultivate the same area for rice production by providing uninterrupted supply of critical inputs, particularly water, seed and fertilizers.

scholarly journals Regional trade and food security challenges: The case of SAARC countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 335-344
Author(s):  
Muhammad Waqas Khalid ◽  
Ashar Sultan Kayani ◽  
Jamal Mohammed Alotaibi ◽  
Muhammad Muddassir ◽  
Bader Alhafi Alotaibi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Regional Trade ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
Trade Partners

Higher consumption and increased import requirements for the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) region can be catered through neighboring trade partners if resources are optimally utilized. The purpose of this research is to analyze the connection between regional trade of SAARC countries and the food security challenges faced by the region. The study uses data from 1990–2018 for Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, and Bangladesh to econometrically analyze the determinants of the volume of food trade. The results show that the gross domestic product of importing or exporting countries and foreign direct investment (FDI) have positive impact on regional trade. The bilateral exchange rate between trading partners has a negative impact on the trade volume. The results also showed the absence of a long-run relationship between volume of trade and food security using Johansen’s cointegration test. Our analysis suggests that policy makers should focus on the means for creating favorable environment in Pakistan and India to not only meet the increasing global demands for food but also increasing their competitiveness for high-quality and low-quality priced products in major exports markets.

Identifikasi Faktor-faktor yang Memengaruhi Hasil Akreditasi SMA di Indonesia Berdasarkan Data ARKAS

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 258-269
Author(s):  
Muh Nur Fiqri Adham ◽  
Budi Susetyo ◽  
Kusman Sadik ◽  
Satriyo Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Quality Of Education ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Model Accuracy ◽  
National Education ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
School Budget ◽  
Ordinal Logistic Regression Analysis

Accreditation is an indicator of the quality of education at the education unit level. One affects the quality of education units is the school budget. School budgets are prepared in order to fulfill 8 national education standards. School budget management uses School Activity Plan and Budget Application (ARKAS) developed by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology (Kemendikbudristek). ARKAS is an information system for managing school budget and expenditure planning. The Research is identifies the factors that influence the accreditation of high school (SMA) with accreditation as a response variable and 17 explanatory variables sourced from ARKAS and Dapodik data using ordinal logistic regression analysis. The best model stage is the model formed that has the smallest AIC value and has high model accuracy in determining the best model. The best model stage is the third model stage which is composed of 7 explanatory variables that affect the high school accreditation rating with AIC value of 1886,20 and model accuracy of 65,79%. The variables that affect to results of accreditation include school status, percentage of students eligible PIP, ratio of the number of students per number of teachers, percentage of teachers certified educators, ratio of the number of students per number of study groups, ratio of the number of students per number of computers, and ratio of the number of students per number of toilets

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