Perception Level of Small Medium Enterprises Employees and Their Environmental Corporate Social Responsibility Practices

Purpose: The current study examines the perception level of environmental-oriented CSR practices among the employees of small-medium enterprises in the Coimbatore district of Tamil Nadu, India. Approach/Methodology/Design: It is a cross-sectional field study of environment CSR practices among SMEs employees of Coimbatore district, the western part of Tamil Nadu, India. A multistage random sampling technique is adopted. Sixty-one firms were approached to study the employees’ perception of CSR and environmental impact on CSR. The sample included 369 participants out of the total population of 9027 employees. This study follows the research methodology based on the Eco-labeling principles, designed by the European Commission 2005 Descriptive analysis, Chi-square test, Bartlett sphericity statistical tests, and Structural Equation Modeling in AMOS version 23 were used.. Findings: The results indicate the significance of SMEs employees’ perception level according to their age, gender and experience. The results reveal that CSR practices towards environments are related to employee perception level. CSR practices play a very predominant role in changing the mindset of the employees working in small-medium enterprises. Practical Implications: This study also paves a way to diverse thoughts in the exploration of the multimodal dimensions of the internal aspects and external CSR practices. Originality/value: The analysis presents the main directions of pro-environmental initiatives undertaken by enterprises and the perception of employees to understand environmental CSR. The results also indicate the differences in the most frequent pro-environmental activities of enterprises operating in the Coimbatore district of Tamil Nadu, India.

Embracing Entrepreneurial Change: Enterprising In Yemen Compared With Other Least Developed Countries

Purpose: The stud aims to compare the status of entrepreneurship activities and the encouragement of entrepreneurship in the five least-developed countries: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Rwanda, Sudan, and Yemen. Approach/Methodology/Design: A comparative method is adopted, a comparison of the status of entrepreneurship among five different least developed countries (Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Rwanda, Sudan, and Yemen). By relying on secondary data, with the help of tabulation and visualization of the data, four main variables are used to compare entrepreneurship in these countries (Definition, development, obstacles, and reforms). Findings: The results showed that the least developed countries do not pay much attention to the sector of SMEs as a crucial sector for economic development. Among the five countries, Rwanda is found to be the reference point in achieving remarkable development in the aspect of entrepreneurial development. Practical Implications: Based on the different experiences examined in the study, a model of the key drivers of entrepreneurial change is suggested. It would act as a roadmap to drive the economy towards achieving entrepreneurial change as in the case of Rwanda. Originality/value: The study proposes a model for embracing entrepreneurial change which can be tested and validated in further research work. The study also attempts to attract the attention of policymakers and international development partners towards the importance of encouraging entrepreneurship activities in the least developed countries.

Effect of Institutional Ownership on Financial Performance in Kenya: Moderated Mediation Role of Capital Structure and Corporate Diversification

Purpose: The study aimed at examining the moderating effect of capital structure in the indirect relationship between institutional ownership and financial performance through corporate diversification of listed firms at the Nairobi securities in Kenya. Approach/Methodology/Design: Post positivist research paradigm and explanatory research design guided the study in which 35 listed firms from 2003 to 2017 were included. Findings: There was a significant interaction effect between capital structure and institutional ownership on financial performance through corporate diversification. The study extended market power theory by examining institutional ownership structure given that corporate diversification is not only a source of power to drive a firm’s performance. Practical Implications: Institutional investors provide equity capital that is collaborated with the firm’s capital structure. As a result, there exist sufficient resources to take on diversification strategy despite this translating to a smaller amount in terms of financial performance. The study had implications on Market timing theory which opines that market timing is a ‘first order determinant’ to aid in selecting a suitable form of financing given debt and equity. Ideally, the preferences of different owners in the firm would affect the choice between debt and equity financing. Originality/value: Investigation of the interaction effect between capital structure and institutional ownership on financial performance through corporate diversification.

The Effect of Investment, Exports, and Interest Rates on the Gross Domestic Product of the Republic Of Yemen: An Econometric Analysis

Purpose: The study aims to examine the effect of investment, exports, and interest rates on the gross domestic product of the Republic of Yemen. Approach/Methodology/Design: This study is based on secondary data. Data on the gross domestic product, interest rate, gross capital formation were obtained and analyzed using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) technique, Wald test, Serial Correlation LM Test. The data were presented the Findings: The results through the use of the (E-VIEWS) program showed that there is a direct statistically significant relationship at a level of 5% between investment and gross domestic product. This means that if investment increases by 1%, it will lead to an increase in GDP by 28.63%. The result also showed that the dummy variable relationship to the GDP is direct and statistically significant. The level of significance is 5%, that is, by increasing the dummy variable by 1%, it leads to an increase in GDP by 25.13%. As long as the interest rate was on an inverse relationship and statistically significant at a significant level (10%), this means that an increase in interest rates by 1% would lead to a decrease in GDP rates by 19.54%. In addition, there is a positive relationship between exports and GDP and a statistical significance at level 5%. This means that an increase in exports by 1% leads to an increase in GDP by 69.76%. Practical Implications: The investment could be double more than what the results showed in the case of political and economic stability. Improving legislation is also a significant aspect. There is an urgent need to focus on investment in infrastructure. In addition, increasing exports improve the gross domestic product. Based on the results, it is recommended to real invest instead of placing capital in banks as increasing interest rates lead to lower gross domestic output. Originality/value: The analysis indicates that there is a direct statistical and significant relationship between total investment and gross domestic product at a significant level of 5%, as whenever the investment increased by 1%, this led to an increase in the gross domestic product by about 28.63%.

One-Stop Administration System: Public Service Innovation in the Indonesian Public Sector

Purpose: The study aims to explore the several public service innovations and the role of one-stop administration systems. Approach/Methodology/Design: The study presents a review of literature on public service innovations. A number of research articles were analysed, highlighting the success of one-stop administration innovations. Findings: In Indonesia, there have been several public service inventions as well as multiple Samsat service developments. In the sense of public services, innovation can be characterized as service quality improvement by renewal, imagination, or new development. A host of Samsat offices in Indonesia's different regions have innovated. In addition to the Samsat Drive Through, which received the Top 99 Public Service Innovations 2018, there were also innovations, West Java Samsat Ngabret, which established 5 innovation services, and the most recent, East Java Samsat, which launched the first innovation in Indonesia, namely paying motorized vehicle taxes and legalizing annual vehicle registration online. Socialization of the general population must be expanded in order to introduce programs to the general public, and server upgrades must be made in order to maintain service efficiency Practical Implications: The study presents a theoretical foregrounding for further research on one-stop administration systems. This paper identifies certain gaps, and further research studies might address the effectiveness of some of these one-stop administration systems. Originality/value: The study highlights the successful public service innovations in Indonesia and how people perceive the projects.

The Impact of Participative Decision-Making on Organizational Commitment: A Study among Employees of Mobile Telecom Companies in Yemen

Purpose: The study aimed at examining the relationship between participative decision-making and organizational commitment among employees working in mobile telecom companies in Yemen. Approach/Methodology/Design: This study is descriptive-analytical. The study population comprised the employees working at the four mobile telecom companies in Sana'a, Yemen's capital city (Yemen Mobile, Sabafon, MTN and Y-Telecom). One hundred twenty questionnaires were collected and were valid for the data analysis. Different statistical tools, including regression analysis and correlation coefficients, were applied, and data were analyzed using SPSS. Findings: The regression analysis output shows a significant positive relationship between participative decision-making and affective commitment (β = 0.48, p < 0.001). Furthermore, the regression analysis shows a significant positive relationship between participative decision making and continuance commitment (β = 0.59, p < 0.001). In addition, the significance of regression analysis tested using the regression coefficients shows a significant positive relationship between participative decision-making and normative commitment (β = 0.72, p < 0.001). Practical Implications: The study recommends that the companies managers need to motivate and inspire their employees to actively participate in the decision-making process to enhance their level of organizational commitment. Originality/value: The study presents evidence from a new setting where insufficient analysis has been performed to investigate the direct relationship between the variables tested.

The Influence of Taiwan Electronic Production Company's Proprietary Data Products on the Interaction of Company Effectiveness

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore the unique interaction of companies in Taiwan from 1998 to 2017 and the influence of the degree of international industry on the effectiveness of the company. Approach/Methodology/Design: We used time series methods to investigate and research. This study only has a significant impact on the upstream industry of the electronics industry, and there is no significant development in the middle and lower reaches of the industry. This is a very strange situation in Taiwan. Findings: At the same time, the interaction of the three attributes of the midstream computer industry can also produce the multiplication effect. In this study, it has been found that the degree of international internationalization has a higher impact on the effectiveness of companies, but no matter how high it is, it seems that increasing the degree of international internationalization at about 10% or 50% and more than 80% of the international level can produce and increase the effectiveness of the company. Practical Implications: This is a very strange situation in Taiwan. However, because the research strength has the effect of prolonging the effect, it may not play a significant role in the middle and lower reaches of the research and development of the product extension effect, so that the research intensity does not play a significant role in the first year of the development of the Taiwan electronics industry. Originality/value: Our value is mainly to solve the problems of internationalization and performance of Taiwanese electronics industry companies.

Productivity Measurement: A Study of Selected Pharmaceutical Companies in India

Purpose: This study aims to measure, analyze, and compare the productivity performance of selected pharmaceutical companies in India. Approach/Methodology/Design: This study is based on secondary data. In this study, seven pharmaceutical companies are selected as a sample based on paid-up capital of the year 2019-20. The seven companies are selected for their higher paid-up capital, and the study period is seven years from 2013-14 to 2019-20. In this study ratio analysis is used as an accounting tool in which four productivity ratios are employed. The one-way ANOVA technique of parametric test is used as a statistical tool to identify the difference among sample means. Findings: The major findings of the study indicate that in all the selected companies the performance of material productivity, labor productivity and overhead productivity show fluctuating trend. The overall productivity performance of all the companies is very close to each other during the study period of seven years. The result of the statistical tests revealed that in all productivity ratios drawn null hypotheses are not accepted. This means there is a significant difference in different productivity ratios among selected pharmaceutical companies during the study period. Practical Implications: In this study, productivity analysis is carried out which is helpful to measure the productivity performance. The results would help investors to make the right choice of investment in selected pharmaceutical companies. Given the present situation of COVID-19, productivity analysis will be helpful to identify the existing production capacity in concern with pharmaceutical products and services. Originality/value: The significant contribution of this study is to measure the various productivity performances of pharmaceutical companies. Further, the average productivity performance is compared among the seven selected pharmaceutical companies, which shows that average productivity performance is different among the selected companies.

Sustainability in Fleet Management

Purpose: This paper aims to discuss sustainability in fleet management at companies considering simultaneously the three dimensions of sustainability, which are economic, environmental, and social, corresponding to the Triple Bottom Line (TBL) approach. Approach/Methodology/Design: This paper examines the subject and employs a theory-building-descriptive design. Three key themes in the aspect of sustainability and in terms of fleet management were examined: economic, environmental, and social. Findings: In today’s world, almost every company operates vehicle fleets to perform business requirements and irrespective of the size of vehicles, these companies need to execute some certain fleet operations under the phenomenon of fleet management. Fleet management entails a transition to a more sustainable model which should try to adopt economic, environmental, social dimensions. While the economic dimension of sustainability brings about a new model called the TCM, the environmental dimension constructs a road map to greener fleets and delivers quick wins that companies can easily implement in their agendas. The social dimension concerns the well-being of people and society which seeks to find a balance between their needs and the requirements of fleet management. Practical Implications: The paper recommends a subsequent study through an empirical way that would investigate the actual sustainability behaviours and initiatives of companies present in Turkey. Originality/value: In recent years, sustainability has become an interesting topic for scholars in many areas of research. However, the literature is lacking ample studies concerning sustainability in corporate fleet management. Therefore, the main contribution and novelty of this paper is to provide companies with policy advice regarding the three pillars of sustainability for their applications to vehicle fleet management.

Responsiveness of Service Sector Growth to Financial Development in Nigeria: Evidence from 1981-2019

Purpose: This paper explores the relationship between financial development and output of the service sector in Nigeria over the period 1981-2019. It presents an analysis of the long-run and short-run impacts of financial development on the performance growth of the service sector, as well as the cointegration between the variables. Approach/Methodology/Design: We test the time series for stationarity using Phillips-Perron and Augmented Dickey-Fuller unit root tests. We adopt the Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach to analyze the relationship between financial development and service sector performance in Nigeria. Market capitalization, monetization ratio, and the ratio of credit to the private sector to GDP represent the indicators of financial development. Findings: The results of the study show that market capitalization and monetization ratio have significant positive impacts on service sector output, respectively. However, the effect of credit to the private sector on service sector performance is insignificant and negative. We find no cointegration among the investigated variables; while, the result of the error correction estimation indicates that it takes about two years to restore the long-run equilibrium after a deviation. In light of the findings made, this paper concludes that financial development exerts a significant positive effect on service sector performance in Nigeria. Practical Implications: This study is valuable at this period of economic uncertainties in Nigeria. With input from this paper, policymakers in the public sector via the formulation and implementation of effective policy measures such as fiscal measures can channel the benefits of financial sector development to the service sector to create an enabling business environment for the sector, especially as it concerns the provision of private credit to the sector. Originality/value: Based on literature review, this paper for the first time investigated the link between financial development and the performance of the service sector in Nigeria as defined by the CBN Statistical Bulletin 2019 edition.