scholarly journals ISOLASI DAN IDENTIFIKASI BAKTERI ENDOFIT RIMPANG TEMULAWAK (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) SEBAGAI PENGHASIL SENYAWA ANTIFUNGI TERHADAP Candida albicans

el–Hayah ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvi Milliana ◽  
Wahyu Safitri
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Antifungal Compounds ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Bacillus Brevis ◽  
Ginger Rhizome

<em>Infectious diseases in humans by microbes in developing countries including Indonesia remains a major problem. Forty-three percent of deaths in developing countries are caused by infections. Candida is a yeast species that often cause opportunistic infections. Disease caused by Candida can affect the mouth, vagina, skin, nails, lungs, sometimes can cause septicemia, endocarditis and meningitis. Rising yeast-leavened which has resistance to antifungal compounds that exist, encourage researchers continue to discover new compounds which have antifungal properties. In addition, the side effects caused by the use of antifungal drugs, causing people still expect the natural ingredients that can be used as an alternative treatment. According to WHO, 80% of the world's population still relies on traditional medicine, including the use of drugs from plants, one of which is the use of turmeric plant (Curcuma zanthorriza). Bioactive compounds of plants that are antifungal generally are volatile oil, aldehyde and phenol compounds. The existence of endophytic microbes in plants have economic significance for the industry favorable treatment. Endophytic microbes easily grown, have a shorter life cycle than the plant and capable of producing bioactive compounds similar to the host plant. Therefore, it is necessary to study the potential of endophytic bacteria ginger rhizome (C. xanthorrhiza) as a producer of Candida albicans antifungal compounds. This study uses ginger rhizome obtained from Stone and Pasuruan. After the isolation of microbes from ginger rhizome, further purification by means of subcultures. The endophytic microbial isolates gram staining and identification of bacteria. The result is a gram-positive bacterium Actinomyces viscosus, Bacillus brevis gram-positive bacteria and gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas stutzeri. Then do the production of antifungal metabolites produced by endophytic bacteria and C. albicans antifungal test Paper Disc Diffusion method. The result looks the inhibition zone with a diameter of 4 mm, 15 mm and 45 mm</em>

40 % aq. HF catalyzed three component Synthesis of novel indeno[1,2-b][1,8]naphthyridin-6(11H)-one derivatives and their antimicrobial activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srinu Bhoomandla ◽  
Phani Raja Kanuparthy ◽  
Rambabu Gundla ◽  
Ramana Reddy Bobbala
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Good Yield ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Subtilis Strain ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Aryl Aldehyde

: A Three component Synthesis of novel 5-phenyl-2-(thiophen-2-yl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-5H-indeno [1,2-b] [1,8] naphthyridin-6(11H)-one derivatives (4a-n) were prepared using 6-phenyl/(thiophen-2-yl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-amine, 1H-indene-1,3(2H)-dione and aryl aldehyde using 40% aq. HF with good yield. All the synthesized compounds were screened against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains and different Candida strains by well diffusion method. Compounds 4c, 4f and 4g showed promising activity on Bacillus subtilis strain and compounds 4c and 4g showed promising activity towards Candida albicans starains.

scholarly journals Bacteriological Profile of Neonatal Sepsis in a Tertiary Level Hospital of Nepal

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Khanal ◽  
S Manandhar ◽  
GP Acharya
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistant ◽  
Gram Positive Cocci

Introduction: Neonatal sepsis is one of the most common reasons for admission to neonatal units in developing countries. It is also a major cause of mortality in both developed and developing countries. This study was done to determine the bacterial profile causing neonatal sepsis and to assess their susceptibility pattern to various antimicrobial agents. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional prospective study was conducted in Paropakar Maternity and Women’s Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal among 340 neonates suspected of neonatal sepsis. Blood culture was performed and organisms were identified with Gram staining and conventional biochemical methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Results: The prevalence rate of neonatal sepsis was 20.3%. Among 340 neonates, 52.17% were males and 47.82% were females. Gram positive cocci were the most predominant isolates (88.40%). Among Gram positive cocci Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most common isolates (72.46%) followed by Staphylococcus aureus (7.24%), Staphylococcus saprophyticus (4.34%) and Enterococcus fecalis (4.34%). Gram negative bacilli were found in 11.60% of the growth positive samples of which E.coli and Klebsiella spp were found in 10.14% and 1.44% respectively. Sensitivity to Amikacin was highest among all types of organisms isolated. Vancomycin and Gentamycin sensitivity was highest for Gram positive and Gram negative organisms respectively. Ampicillin resistance was highest among isolates. Among the 69 isolates 48 were Multiple drug resistant. Conclusion: The predominance of Gram positive cocci particularly Coagulase negative Staphylococci is shown. Empirical antibiotic therapy should be reviewed for Multiple drug resistant strains. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v34i3.9183 J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2014;34(3):175-180

scholarly journals Comparative Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Properties of Two Cultivars of Catharanthus roseus L. {G.} Don on Escherichia coli and Candida albicans

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-48
Author(s):  
David Mutisya Musyimi ◽  
Marble Namarobe Namnabah
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Catharanthus Roseus ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Synthetic Drugs

Medicinal plants have served as sources of medicine to treat and suppress the diseases, because many pathogens are gaining resistance to the current synthetic drugs. In addition, high cost and adverse side effects are commonly associated with popular Synthetic drugs. Therefore, there is need for continuous search for new drugs in order to overcome this emerging resistance. Plants synthesize bioactive compounds which are of great potential in agriculture, antimicrobial and anti-insect activity. The concentration of bioactive compounds in each plant species depends on the environmental conditions, age of the plant, relative humidity of harvested materials and method of extraction. Little is known on the phytochemical and antimicrobial potential of Alba and Rosea cultivars of Catharanthus roseus ethanol extracts. The leaves of Alba and Rosea cultivars were investigated for their phytochemical and antimicrobial properties. The study was conducted at Maseno University, Kenya. Plant Leaves were collected around Maseno University. Leaves of Alba and Rosea cultivars of Catharanthus roseus were air-dried in the shade, thereafter crushed into powder and ethanol extraction done using the Rotary evaporator. Antimicrobial activity of the pathogenic microorganisms was Candida albicans and Escherichia coli.  Disc diffusion method was used for antimicrobial tests. concentrations of ethanol leaf extracts consisted of 2.5, 5and 7.5 mg/mL with three replications.  Data on growth inhibition were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) . Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, alkaloids and phenols except steroids and glycosides. The ethanol leaf extracts were active against Candida albicans and and Escherichia coli. Alba leaves extracts showed higher inhibitory zones compared to Rosea leaves. The observed differences in antimicrobial activity could be due to differences in cell wall synthesis, structure and composition. The results of present study further confirm the use of these plants traditionally for the treatment of different ailments.

scholarly journals Two New Compounds Containing Pyridinone or Triazine Heterocycles Have Antifungal Properties against Candida albicans

Antibiotics ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Laura Mena ◽  
Muriel Billamboz ◽  
Rogatien Charlet ◽  
Bérangère Desprès ◽  
Boualem Sendid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Antifungal Compounds ◽  
Chemical Library ◽  
Antifungal Properties ◽  
New Compounds

Candidiasis, caused by the opportunistic yeast Candida albicans, is the most common fungal infection today. Resistance of C. albicans to current antifungal drugs has emerged over the past decade leading to the need for novel antifungal agents. Our aim was to select new antifungal compounds by library-screening methods and to assess their antifungal effects against C. albicans. After screening 90 potential antifungal compounds from JUNIA, a chemical library, two compounds, 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-((4-chlorophenyl)amino)-3,6-dimethylpyridin-2(1H)-one (PYR) and (Z)-N-(2-(4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)vinyl)-4-methoxyaniline (TRI), were identified as having potential antifungal activity. Treatment with PYR and TRI resulted in a significant reduction of C. albicans bioluminescence as well as the number of fungal colonies, indicating rapid fungicidal activity. These two compounds were also effective against clinically isolated fluconazole- or caspofungin-resistant C. albicans strains. PYR and TRI had an inhibitory effect on Candida biofilm formation and reduced the thickness of the mannan cell wall. In a Caenorhabditis elegans infection model, PYR and TRI decreased the mortality of nematodes infected with C. albicans and enhanced the expression of antimicrobial genes that promote C. albicans elimination. Overall, PYR and TRI showed antifungal properties against C. albicans by exerting fungicidal activities and enhancing the antimicrobial gene expression of Caenorhabditis elegans.

scholarly journals Growth Inhibition of Aspergillus spp. by Endophytic Bacteria

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Dwi N. Susilowati ◽  
Untung Haryono
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Antifungal Compounds ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Incubation Periods ◽  
Food Commodities

<p>Aspergillus spp. (A. niger, A. flavus, and A. fumigatus) contaminate food commodities through production of secondary metabolites (mycotoxins) and aspergillosis, and thus pose severe hazard to human and animal health. Hence, the inhibition of mycotoxin-producing fungi on agricultural storage commodities needs to be considered. The aims of this study were to evaluate endophytic bacteria isolated from rice tissues that inhibit Aspergillus spp. growth, as well as to characterize the selected isolates morphologically and biochemically. Dual culture and disk diffusion method tests on 155 endophytic bacteria obtained three isolates, i.e. FB-Endo 65, FB-Endo 73, and FB-Endo 95, which showed inhibition zone from 13 to 17 mm against Aspergillus spp. growth. The inhibition zone and quantity of antifungal compounds increased positively with the length of incubation periods from 0 to 6 days. Antifungal compounds from the three isolates were insoluble in ethyl acetate, but soluble in methanol. The methanol soluble substance(s) from FB-Endo 73 showed higher inhibition zone than that of the other isolates. This result indicated that all three isolates produced strong antifungal activity. Morphological and biochemical identifications of the isolates revealed that all isolates belonged to the genus Bacillus sp. Further studies include identification and production methods of antifungal compounds of those endophytic bacteria and their application on stored seeds.</p>

scholarly journals AKTIVITAS ANTIMIKROBA EKSTRAK DAN FRAKSI ALGA (Halimeda opuntia) TERHADAP Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus dan Candida albicans

PHARMACON ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 178
Author(s):  
Shinta Jolanda ◽  
Defny S Wewengkang ◽  
Imam Jayanto
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Green Algae ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Agar Diffusion Method ◽  
Escherichia Coli Bacteria

ABSTRACT Algae Halimeda opuntia is one of the green algae type that contains bioactive compounds which can be used for the treatment of various diseases. This study aimed to determine the antimicrobial activity of extracts and fractions of algae Halimeda opuntia obtained from the Lembeh Bitung Strait against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. The samples were extracted by maceration using ethanol solvent and fractionation using methanol, chloroform, and n-hexane solvents. Antimicrobial activity was carried out by the agar diffusion method of paper discs. The results showed that ethanol extract was able to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria in the medium inhibitory category. While the methanol and chloroform fractions were only able to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The extract and all fractions did not show activity inhibiting the growth of Candida albicans fungi. Keywords: Algae, Halimeda opuntia, antimicrobial activity, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans ABSTRAKAlga Halimeda opuntia merupakan salah satu jenis alga hijau yang memiliki kandungan senyawa bioaktif yang dapat digunakan untuk pengobatan berbagai penyakit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya aktivitas antimikroba dari ekstrak dan fraksi alga Halimeda opuntia yang diperoleh dari Selat Lembeh Bitung terhadap Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus dan Candida albicans. Sampel diekstraksi dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol dan fraksinasi menggunakan pelarut metanol, kloroform, dan n-heksan. Aktivitas antimikroba dilakukan dengan  metode difusi agar cakram kertas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol, mampu menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri  Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli dengan kategori daya hambat sedang. Sedangkan  fraksi metanol dan fraksi kloroform hanya mampu menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Ekstrak dan semua fraksi tidak menunjukkan aktivitas menghambat pertumbuhan jamur Candida albicans. Kata kunci: Alga, Halimeda opuntia, aktivitas antimikroba, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans

scholarly journals Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Evaluation with DFT Study of New Two-Amino-4-(4-Chlorophenyl) Thiazole Derivatives

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-88
Author(s):  
Ammar A Mahmood Kubba ◽  
Nedaa A. A. Rahim
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Candida Glabrata ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Computational Study ◽  
Micrococcus Luteus ◽  
Absolute Methanol ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phenacyl Bromide ◽  
Gram Positive

2-amino-4-(4-chloro phenyl)-1,3-thiazole (1) was synthesized by refluxing thiourea with para-chloro phenacyl bromide in absolute methanol. The condensation of amine compound (1)  with phenylisothiocyanate in the presence of pyridine will  produce 1-(4-(4-chlorophenyl)thiazol-2-yl)-3-phenylthiourea(2), which is  upon treatment with 2,4 dinitrophenyl hydrazine by conventional method, afforded 1- ( 4 - ( 4 – chlorophenyl ) thiazol – 2 – yl ) – 3 - phenylhydrazonamide,N' - ( 2 , 4 -dinitrophenyl) ,(3).The characterization of the titled compounds were performed utilizing FTIR spectroscopy, 1HNMR and CHNS elemental analysis, and by measurements of  their  physical properties.  The synthesized compounds had been screened for their, in vitro  preliminary antimicrobial activity against three Gram-positive bacteria: (Staph. aureus, Micrococcus luteus and  Bacillus subtilis) and three Gram-negative bacteria : (Pseud.aeruginosa, E.coli and  Proteus mirabilis) ,and two fungal strains(Candida albicans and Candida glabrata ), using a minimum  inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 100 µg\ml of  test compound, by  well diffusion method.  The derivatives showed moderate antibacterial activity against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis & high antifungal activity against Candida glabrata and Candida albicans. Computational study was performed to calculate some of thermodynamic parameters by using density functional theory (DFT)

scholarly journals Synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation with DFT study for new thiazole derivatives

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-78
Author(s):  
Sumayah Saadi Abbas ◽  
Ammar A.Razzak Mahmood Kubba
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Bacillus Pumilus ◽  
Computational Study ◽  
Micrococcus Luteus ◽  
Absolute Methanol ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria

Two compounds,[2-amino-4-(4-nitro phenyl) 1,3-thiazole],(4) and [2-amino-4-(4-bromo phenyl) 1,3-thiazole],(5), were synthesized by refluxing thiourea (1) with each of  para-ntiro and para-bomophanacyl bromides(2) and (3) respectively, in absolute methanol. Then, by reaction of [5] with 3,5-dinitrobenzoyl chloride in dimethylformamide (DMF) yielded  (6) .On the other hand, reaction of (4) with chloroacetyl chloride in dry benzene afforded (7), which is  upon treatment with thiourea in absolute methanol, afforded (8) . The characterization of the titled compounds were done utilizing FTIR spectroscopy, 1HNMR, CHNS elemental analysis and by measurements of  their physical properties. The synthesized compounds had been screened for their, in vitro  preliminary antimicrobial activity against four Gram positive bacteria (Staph. aureus, Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus pumilus),  and four Gram negative bacteria (Pseud.aeroginosa, E.coli, Proteus mirabilis and Klebsiella pneumoniae)and three fungi species: (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida Tropicalis and Candida albicans) using a minimum  inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 100 µg\ml of derivative  in dimethylsulfoxide, by  well diffusion method. Compound (6) showed moderate antibacterial activity against some tested Gram positive bacteria (Bacillus pumilus and Bacillus Subtilis) and a moderate antifungal activity towards Candida albicans. Computational study was performed   to calculate some of the thermodynamic parameters of synthesized derivatives by using density functional theory (DFT).

scholarly journals Activity of Engineered Nano-Semiconductor Oxides against Gram Positive and Gram Negative Bacteria

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4S2) ◽  
pp. 645-650
Keyword(s):  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Engineered Nanoparticles ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Bacillus Brevis ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Semiconductor Oxides

Antibacterial activities of semiconductor oxides such as ZnO and TiO2 have induced research on the design of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) for the last few decades. We had synthesized modified ZnO and TiO2 using rare earth salts and analyzed their antibacterial activities against Bacillus brevis. (Gram positive) and E. coli (Gram negative) by modified well diffusion method. Among the seventeen nanoparticles studied, Ag-TiO2 showed highest antibacterial activity against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. Antibacterial activities of Ni-Ag-TiO2, ZnO, Eu2O3-ZnO, DyMoO4-ZnO, GdMoO4-ZnO, DyVO4-ZnO, GdVO4-ZnO and HoVO4-ZnO were found to be significant. From the microbial plating experiments it was shown that the synthesized nano materials show a wide spectrum of antibacterial activities performed against Bacillus brevis, and E. coli. In this study we help to understand the influence of the engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) against microbes, as these ENPs finds wide applications in medicine, water treatment, in food industry as anti-coating agents.

In-vitro Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of Methanolic Extract of Shorea robusta Gaertn. F. Resin

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Sushma Vashisht ◽  
Manish Pal Singh ◽  
Viney Chawla
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Shorea Robusta ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Resin Extract

The methanolic extract of the resin of Shorea robusta was subjected to investigate its antioxidant and antibacterial properties its utility in free radical mediated diseases including diabetic, cardiovascular, cancer etc. The methanol extract of the resin was tested for antioxidant activity using scavenging activity of DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil) radical method, reducing power by FeCl3 and antibacterial activity against gram positive and gram negative bacteria using disc diffusion method. The phytochemical screening considered the presence of triterpenoids, tannins and flavoniods. Overall, the plant extract is a source of natural antioxidants which might be helpful in preventing the progress of various oxidative stress mediated diseases including aging. The half inhibition concentration (IC50) of resin extract of Shorea robusta and ascorbic acid were 35.60 µg/ml and 31.91 µg/ml respectively. The resin extract exhibit a significant dose dependent inhibition of DPPH activity. Antibacterial activity was observed against gram positive and gram negative bacteria in dose dependent manner.Key Words: Shorea robusta, antioxidant, antibacterial, Disc-diffusion, DPPH.

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