scholarly journals THE FORMATION AND INFLUENCE OF THE MILITARY ARCHITECTURE IN OMAN DURING AL-YA'ARIBA PERIOD (1034-1162 AH/1624–1749 AD)

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 217-228
Author(s):  
Naima Benkari

Despite its richness, the research corpus published about Islamic architecture presents some discontinuities in the knowledge of the architecture in the lands ruled by Muslims. Similarly, the dynamics of influence that might have operated between the "monumental" architecture in these lands and their popular architectures are insufficiently addressed. Moreover, the material culture related to the Islamic civilization is almost exclusively studied as a product that has stopped evolving. The architecture produced during Al-Ya'ariba (Al- Ya'rubi) Imamate (1624-1749) is an instance of these understudied topics in the history of Islamic architecture. This research argues that Al-Ya'rubi Imamate is not only an important chapter in the history of Oman, the Arabian Peninsula, Indian Ocean, and Eastern Africa, but also the architecture of this period has created the identity of Omani architecture as we know it today. Nonetheless, there is no architectural production in this era both in the major references and scientific publications of Islamic architecture in the 17th and 18th centuries. Through field research, comparative analysis, and literature review of the history of Omani architecture, especially in the 17th -18th centuries, this research examines the military architecture in Oman during Al-Ya'ariba Imamate including its reference, and its influence on other architectures. It is a contribution to the scientific endeavour to address this specific architectural typology from the perspective of its mechanism of (trans) formation and its continuity of forms until the contemporary architecture of Oman.

Kavkaz-forum ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 101-119
Author(s):  
Г.Н . Вольная (Керцева)

Материальная культура позднего средневековья Дигорского ущелья Северной Осетии недостаточно хорошо изучена по сравнению с другими периодами. В статье впервые представлен комплекс археологических памятников, расположенных на Поляне Мацута Дигорского ущелья: памятники, их расположение, история изучения. Цель исследования – рассмотреть Поляну Мацута как погребальный и культовый комплекс, где находятся позднесредневековые полуподземные склепы, каменные ящики, менгиры, цырты, «нартовский» ныхас, поселения кобанского и аланского периодов. Это памятники являются почитаемыми у местного населения, упоминаются в нартовском эпосе. В статье использовались полевые методы исследования, метод анализа и аналогий. В статье представлен авторский материал спасательных раскопок 2020 г. «Грунтового могильника Мацута I, средневековье» XVI-XVIII вв. в зоне реализации проекта «Строительство фельдшерско-акушерского пункта в с. Мацута». Могильник представляет собой погребения в каменных ящиках. Всего было раскопано 75 ящиков, в которых покойные лежали вытянуто на спине головой на запад с широтными отклонениями. Некоторые ранние погребения сопровождаются обрядом кремации. Погребальный обряд находит аналогии в горной Балкарии. Для погребального обряда характерно отсутствие керамической посуды в погребениях. Над ранними погребениями могильника была устроена тризна с кремацией и большим количеством фрагментированной керамики, скорее всего местного производства. Погребальный инвентарь достаточно беден и характерен для горнокавказской культуры позднего средневековья. Во взрослых погребениях найдены одежда, обувь, пояса, головные уборы, пояса; в женских – украшения; в мужских – ножи, оселки. В детских погребениях (в большинстве случаев) слева от головы обнаружены только куриные яйца, либо погребальный инвентарь совсем отсутствует. Отмечается высокая детская смертность. Детские погребения составляют почти 50% от всего числа раскопанных погребений. The material culture of the late middle ages of the Digor gorge in North Ossetia is not well studied in comparison with other periods. The article presents for the first time a complex of archaeological monuments located in The Matsuta Glade of the Digor gorge: monuments, their location, and history of study. The purpose of the study is to consider the Matsuta Glade as a funerary and cult complex, where there are late medieval semi-underground crypts, stone boxes, menhirs, tsyrts, "nartovsky" Nykhas, settlements of the Koban and Alan periods. These monuments are revered by the local population, mentioned in the Nart epic. The article uses field research methods, the method of analysis and analogies. The article presents the author's material of rescue excavations in 2020 of the "Ground burial ground of Matsuta I, middle ages" of the XVI-XVIII centuries in the area of the project "Construction of a paramedic and midwifery station in the village of Matsuta". The burial ground is a burial in stone boxes. In total, 75 boxes were excavated, in which the deceased lay stretched out on their backs with their heads facing West with latitude deviations. Some early burials are accompanied by a cremation ceremony. The funeral rite finds analogies in the mountainous Balkaria. The funeral rite is characterized by the absence of ceramic dishes in the burials. A funeral feast with cremation and a large amount of fragmented pottery, most likely of local production, was built over the early burials of the burial ground. The grave goods are rather poor and typical for mountain Caucasian culture of the late middle ages. In adult burials found clothes, shoes, belts, headwear, belts; women's jewelry; the men's knives, whetstones. In most children's burials, only chicken eggs are found to the left of the head, or there is no burial equipment at all. Children's funerals account for almost 50% of the total number of excavated graves.


2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 127-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mimi Sheller

Following aluminum as part of a material culture of speed and lightness, this article examines how assemblages of energy and metals connect built environments, ways of life, and ideologies of acceleration. Aluminum can be theorized as a circulatory matrix that forms an energy culture. Through a discussion of speed and social justice, the history of aluminium-based socioecologies reveals how the materiality of energy forms assemblages of objects, infrastructures, and practices. The article then traces the aluminum industry’s involvement in the production and distribution of energy itself both at the national scale of power grids and in the emergence of transnational transfers of energy, such as hydropowered smelters in Iceland. Finally, this analysis of deeply embedded energy cultures calls for a transnational approach to the accelerated socioecologies of aluminum production and consumption; and for energy transition theories to pay closer attention to the figured worlds and figuring work of the military-industrial complex.


2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Jaquet ◽  
Claus Frederik Sørensen ◽  
Fabrice Cognot

Abstract Historical European martial arts (HEMA) have to be considered an important part of our common European cultural heritage. Studies within this field of research have the potential to enlighten the puzzle posed by past societies, for example in the field of history, history of science and technology, or fields related to material culture. The military aspects of history are still to be considered among the most popular themes of modern times, generating huge public interest. In the last few decades, serious HEMA study groups have started appearing all over the world – focusing on re-creating a lost martial art. The terminology “Historical European Martial Arts” therefore also refers to modem-day practices of ancient martial arts. Many of these groups focus on a “hands-on” approach, thus bringing practical experience and observation to enlighten their interpretation of the source material. However, most of the time, they do not establish inquiries based on scientific research, nor do they follow methodologies that allow for a critical analysis of the findings or observations. This paper will therefore propose and discuss, ideas on how to bridge the gap between enthusiasts and scholars; since their embodied knowledge, acquired by practice, is of tremendous value for scientific inquiries and scientific experimentation. It will also address HEMA practices in the context of modern day acceptance of experimental (or experiential) processes and their value for research purposes and restoration of an historical praxis. The goal is therefore to sketch relevant methodological and theoretical elements, suitable for a multidisciplinary approach, to HEMA, where the “H” for “historical” matters.


2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
Kirill V. Legkov ◽  

Based on the analysis of historical sources, scientific publications and judicial practice, the article examines the little-studied issues of the emergence and formation of legal regulation in the military-judicial system of Russia of this type of judicial activity as judicial regulation, which has an important role in the judicial protection of the rights of military personnel against the background of the formation of the modern state structure of the country.


Author(s):  
Haniefa Nuruddienil Fithriy ◽  
Didin Sirojudin

The limited allocation of time, which is only 2 hours per week, the curricula that often change, the stereotypes about the History of Islamic Civilization (Sejarah Kebudayaan Islam or SKI) as a merely complementary and a boring subject, are among significant obstacles for SKI teachers to deliver the learning of the subject with demands for changes in the students’ cognitive, affective, and psycho-motoric aspects,. This paper aims at studying the strategies employed by the SKI teacher at the Islamic Junior High School (Madrasah Tsanawiyah or MTs) “Bahrul Ulum” Gadingmangu – Perak – Jombang in learning the subject to the students. The study is qualitative field research and the data was analyzed using the descriptive method. The findings show that the teacher’s good preparation and mastery of the subject, the Small Group Work (SGW) technique, and self-habituation activities have helped much in overcoming obstacles in the SKI learning as well as helping students to obtain good achievement both academically and non-academically.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-104
Author(s):  
Humera Naz ◽  

There is no doubt that there is no corner of civilization in which Muslims have not made significant progress. But most of his accomplishments are reflected in the architecture and its supporting arts. The one and a half thousand year history of Islam is in fact the history of the rise of Islamic architecture. Muslims decorated a large part of the world with beautiful buildings in different periods of their rule. Thus, at different times, Islamic architecture took different forms. Among them, there is diversity due to the differences in the country and the buildings, which is due to the climate, environment and construction issues of this country. But despite this, there is unity and continuity in Islamic architecture. This is a feature of Islamic civilization. In spite of their diversity, Islamic civilization has allowed fusion in all of them, which we call Islamic colors. And the basic element of this unity was the Islamic faith which united the different nations in this one faith. Due to which, whatever religious buildings are built in any part of the world in the future, they are all the same, which was not affected by time and distance. Every building has its own uniqueness. These Islamic buildings have a deep Muslim imprint. This is due to the architectural style and decorative carvings of these buildings and these carvings have a spiritual aspect which has its own distinct identity of Islamic architecture. At the same time, it is a valuable asset that still reflects Islamic civilization. In our article, we have examined this unity of Islamic architecture in a cultural context.


2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Jaquet ◽  
Claus Frederik Sørensen ◽  
Fabrice Cognot

Historical European martial arts (HEMA) have to be considered an important part of our common European cultural heritage. Studies within this field of research have the potential to enlighten the puzzle posed by past societies, for example in the field of history, history of science and technology, or fields related to material culture. The military aspects of history are still to be considered among the most popular themes of modern times, generating huge public interest. In the last few decades, serious HEMA study groups have started appearing all over the world – focusing on re-creating a lost martial art. The terminology “Historical European Martial Arts” therefore also refers to modem-day practices of ancient martial arts. Many of these groups focus on a “hands-on” approach, thus bringing practical experience and observation to enlighten their interpretation of the source material. However, most of the time, they do not establish inquiries based on scientific research, nor do they follow methodologies that allow for a critical analysis of the findings or observations. This paper will therefore propose and discuss, ideas on how to bridge the gap between enthusiasts and scholars; since their embodied knowledge, acquired by practice, is of tremendous value for scientific inquiries and scientific experimentation. It will also address HEMA practices in the context of modern day acceptance of experimental (or experiential) processes and their value for research purposes and restoration of an historical praxis. The goal is therefore to sketch relevant methodological and theoretical elements, suitable for a multidisciplinary approach, to HEMA, where the “H” for “historical” matters.


2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 133-148
Author(s):  
S. O. Biliaieva ◽  
O. Ye. Fialko

Archaeological materials of Belgorod-Akkerman cause great interest as the monument of different civilizations, the interrelations of which in the field of the material culture, not enough study yet. Take in attention the perspectives of planigraphic analyse, which was accepted earlier on the base of the glasses for architectural reconstructions of the Turkish bathhouse, the article is the first attempt to represent the results of complex analyse of the glass things (nearby 1000 exemplars), which were founded on the whole square of the excavations of the expedition of 1999—2010. On the base of the two main parameters: planigraphy and typology of the findings in the buildings of the Low yard of the fortress the fact of the interrelation of artefacts with historical development of various structures was established. Some differences in using the glass artefacts in the bathhouse and barbican were admitted. The new page of the military history of Akkerman of the 18th century became the mass findings of fragments of glass grenades, which have been led to the destruction of the barbican.


2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-39
Author(s):  
Bella L. Shapiro

Military material culture (tangible expression of military history) does not belong to topics unfairly forgotten by researchers. However, in mo­dern practice, the lost cultural heritage is not researched as actively as the preserved one. This study aims to fill in some lacunae in the history of military material culture related to the practice of re-mel­ting precious metal objects. The issue is consi­dered on the example of Life-Cuirassier Her Majesty’s Regiment. The article highlights the key moments of the regiment’s history related to royal awards. It was, primarily, the short epoch of the reign of Paul I when silver timpani, trumpets and cuirasses received the status of regimental relics (1799). During the reign of his successor Alexander I, with a reduction in the cost of maintaining the army, the silver part of this regimental relics was re-melted. The money received made up the fund of the offi­cer’s insurance capital. Some more of the regimental relics, precious in every sense, were lost in the years of the Great Patriotic War. As a result, the military material culture of the era of Paul I, in particular the protective armament, is presented very poorly in modern museum collections. This research helps to describe its character and history of exis­tence. The main sources of stu­dying the lost relics is the history of the regiment and its regimental archive published by Colonel M.I. Markov. Graphic documents are used as additional sources. The article outlines the list of modern museum collections that store preserved items, partly similar (partially interchangeable) to the lost ones. Summing up the results of the work, the study of the lost material cultural heritage is a promising scantily-explored direction of military history.


2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 68-78
Author(s):  
Sergey Alexandrovitch Vasilyev ◽  
Lev Mikhailovitch Vseviov ◽  
Alexander Alexeevich Vybornov ◽  
Dmitriy Vladimirovitch Gerasimov ◽  
Mariya Vladimirovna Medvedeva ◽  
...  

Born in the Murmansk Oblast, Vladimir Ivanovich Timofeyev lived a short but bright and creative life full of scientific research and achievements. As far as studying at the department of Archaeology of Leningrad State University, he chose the Holocene Stone Age as the topic for his research, to which he remained faithful up to the end of life. Working his way up from a laboratory assistant to the head of the Paleolithic Department of Leningrad Institute of Archaeology within the Academy of Science USSR-Institute for the Material Culture History of Russian Academy of Sciences, he proved himself as a purposeful, highly educated specialist who had extensive knowledge in field research, scientific methods and archaeological theory. Excellent memory, analytical abilities and diligence of Vladimir Ivanovich were noted by all colleagues and friends, both Russian and foreign ones, during expeditions and at conferences. The deserved recognition of Vladimir Ivanovich as the greatest expert of the Neolithic Age is unquestionable and it was about to be developed in doctoral thesis. Full sections of this work were discussed many times at the meetings of the Paleolithic Department and the Academic Council of Institute for the Material Culture History and always received the highest appreciation. Unfortunately, a tragic accident cut short the life path of a first-class archaeologist and Vladimir Ivanovich Timofeevs extensive final research devoted to a wide range of Neolithic problems was never completed. Almost 13 years have elapsed since the untimely passing of this talented scientist but the bitterness of loss does not become weaker.


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