scholarly journals Problem Kosmologi Dalam Filsafat lbnu Rusyd

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-26
Author(s):  
M. Lutfi Mustofa

Philosophical discourse of universe creation was a phenomenon which characterized the dynamic views of Moslems scholars. This theme became an up to date topic as Moslems were faced with the exhaustive discussions to strengthen their beliefs on the existence of God and universe. In addition, this was also related to the great efforts made by the Moslems scholars to protect their concept on Tauhid and Aqeedah not to be contaminated by the thoughts aid concepts developed by non Moslem scholars. This writing aims at uncovering Ibn Rusyd philosophy on cosmology. lbnu Rusyd stated that universe was gradually created. Thus, the creation should be a process of changing one to another or change the potential into an actual creation. All these processes were done continuously in indefinite period.

Author(s):  
Muhammaddin Muhammaddin

One of the most fundamental identities of a religion is the divine doctrine or doctrine that recognizes the existence of God. It can even be said is not a religion if there is no main characteristic that is the recognition and confidence of God. Reason alone will honestly acknowledge the power that governs nature and includes human life and reason will refuse if any opinion that says the existence of regularity that occurs in this nature occurs by itself. Because in reality there are natural events that occur is believed not to happen by chance but to the belief may God reprove, angry or indeed happened akiabat causal law from human activities that treat nature unnaturally, to the recognition of God who controls nature and life this. One would think anything of his religion about the process of the creation of man by the meeting of a man and a woman's ovum could be born a man whose system is amazing and an impossible thing to happen by itself if no one created (God) and certainly strengthened from the source of religion especially Islam for example very detailed human procession was created by Allah swt. with its very complete stages described in the holy book of the Qur'an and explained by the Messenger of Allah. as his apostle. All religions teach goodness, both individually, society, life of nation and state. These virtues are called morality and this doctrine is very urgent because goodness based on divine values ​​will be a moral fors ie there is no back door to escape responsibility, if he does immoral or immoral, including wrongdoing, he remains contrary to religious values ​​as well as with state law based on Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution. The divine values ​​teach that people are still guilty of punishment and with sinful sanctions even though their crimes are escaped and escape from the bondage of law convicted by the court for being not discovered by law enforcement apparatus


Zygon® ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-185
Author(s):  
Jack C. Carloye

2011 ◽  
Vol 104 (4) ◽  
pp. 489-505

THOU ART is an interdisciplinary and christological aesthetics that theorizes an integral relation among Christ, representation, and the formation of human subjectivity. Through a critical poetics it addresses the space of difference between a theological discourse on the creation of human being in the image of God—understood as creation in Christ, Word (logos) incarnate—and a philosophical discourse on the constitution of human subjectivity.


1971 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leen E. Goodman

One achievement of the philosophy represented by Ghazâlî is disentangling the creation argument for the existence of God from rival forms of design argument which allow or assume the eternity of the world. From its earliest expressions as an isolated insight which might easily be explained away as myth, the notion that the universe had been brought to be out of what is not was gradually tranformed under pressure of severe Aristottelian criticism into a precise concept, and the argument implicit in such a notion metamorphosed into an elegant and sophisticated demonstration. Backed up by the closely reasoned philosophy of being into which it was now integrated, the argument from creation might confidently hope to be proof against attack.


2018 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 119-139
Author(s):  
Jerzy Styka

The concept of clarity and the closely related idea of colour were of great importance not only for the formulation of classical ideas connected with the theory of beaux arts, but also for the creation of concepts related to the an­cient academic and philosophical discourse, mainly via the use of light/shadow/colour metaphors to express and envisage the problems discussed. These were of special importance for what is commonly referred to as ancient literary aesthet­ics, which is the product of ideas originating in classical philosophical literary theory, practice and critique. It is to this very area of aesthetic and literary mean­ings of clarity that I would like to devote the present paper. However, the bulk of preserved testimonies, both direct (i.e. directly and normatively formulated) and indirect (i.e. resulting from the immanent poetics of the work), as well as the fact that they are multi-layered, compel me to narrow my analysis to the concept of clarity (σαφήνεια, claritas) as a stylistic category in ancient rhetoric and poetics, based exclusively on concepts expressed by classical Greek and Latin authors.


2011 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Idoia MAIZA OZCOIDI

Algazel considered dangerous the doctrine of the eternity of the world such as it was defended by the philosopheres, as well as harmfull for the islamic religion and even the drowning of the Islam. That is why he refuted it to a great extent in his book Tahâfut al-falâsifa. In his opinion the idea of an eternal creation is both absurd and contradictory.His Tahâfut gathers as many arguments as he could find to prove that God created the world along the time and that the philosophers denied in fact the divine creation. This proof does not take place in the Tahâfut, where the persian theologe just insists on the meakness of the proof of the philosophers and the inconsistency thereof. He does it in others works such as the Ihyâ, where he proves the existence of God by the creation of the world along the time. This is the endavour of the present article, which intends to bring us near his true doctrine about the origin of the world. At the same time, the persian theologue does not neglect the fierce criticisme to the statement of the philosophers about an eternal world.


2020 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 101-115
Author(s):  
Olexander Horban ◽  
Ruslana Martych

The article investigates the origins of the idea of religious-philosophical discourse in the doctrine of the living. Based on the analysis of ancient philosophical thought and the subsequent, based on it, views of early Christian thinkers, a perspective is formed on the idea of the living as a special type of religious-philosophical discourse based on the principles of creationism, theocentrism and subordinationism. It is concluded that early Christian religious philosophy supported and affirmed the ideas of the value of the living as the creation of God, a trembling attitude toward it, adoring any manifestation of life, giving it spiritual and moral dimensions.


2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 493-513
Author(s):  
James West

AbstractThe publication of the Vekhi ("Signposts") symposium in Moscow in 1909 was the literary event of the decade in Pre-Revolutionary Russia. Its critique of the radical collectivist traditions of the Russian intelligentsia in the name of "the primacy of spiritual life" was greeted with howls of condemnation from nearly every ideological camp. Contemporaries interpreted this appeal as turn away from the political struggle with autocracy toward mysticism and obscurantism. Historians have more charitably seen Vekhi as a way station in the ideological pilgrimage of its principal participants, Peter Struve, Nicholas Berdiaev, Sergei Bulgakov and Semion Frank, from Marxism through Liberalism toward more contemplative and ethereal realms of Idealist philosophy, Orthodox theology and imperialist nationalism. Both of these interpretative streams perpetuate the impression that Vekhi represented a drift from the practical to the spiritual, and that its message went, either deservedly or tragically, unheard and unheeded. It is argued here that Vekhi's philosophical discourse contained within it some very concrete social and economic prescriptions, and that its message in fact fell on at least some receptive ears. Vehki found an attentive audience among a small group of liberal industialists in Moscow, led by Pavel Riabushinskii. It served as a catalyst for the creation of an entrepreneurial group known as the Riabushinskii Circle, and opened the way for a remarkable collaboration between intellectuals and entrepreneurs that lasted until the Bolshevik Revolution, and culminated in Riabushinskii's "Utopian Capitalist" vision for Russia.


2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Fatma Aygün

<p align="center"><strong>The Argument of “al-Fitrah” to Prove The Existence of God</strong></p><p align="center"><strong>Accordingto al-Maturidi</strong></p><p><strong>Abstract  </strong></p><p>Al-Maturidi is one of the foremost and most important thinkers in the history of Islamic thought. So that Al-Maturidi (333/944) is the most powerful figure in Abu Khanife School and has the biggest share in the establishment of Followers of Sunnah kalam. The aim of this study is to interpret the concept of "al-fitrah", "fitratallah" (nature) and to investigate the possibility of rational knowing the existence of God with an intrinsic element of human (al-fitrah) according to the thinking of Al-Maturidi.</p><p>The whole characteristics of all creatures, especially human being, brought by the genesis called “nature”(al-fitrah). The concept of al-fitrah contains all of beings in the world; accordingly, al-fitrah symbolizes creation of human. Humans are endowed with many biological, mental and spiritual abilities by born, not a result of work. Man also has innate moral-religious abilities that one of them is “nature/fitrah”. As a common agreement among psychologists and psychologists of religion, human is a believer as well as a thinker. This feature of believing comes from his nature. In the same way, Al-Maturidi believed that human have some dispositions from the birth. According to Al-Maturidi, creation is the consciousness of existence and uniqueness of God that is temperamental in all human beings. This feature of believing is inherent but the framework of this ability has not been determined yet. According to Al-Maturidi, God provides human a several inner qualities such as reason/aql, senses and feelings. These inner supports are actually facilities for human. With reference to the idea that the human is a cognizant (rational) creature, Al-Maturidi argues that he has reasonable and fair reasons for believing in a Creator; and he also uses the evidences such as “disposition" (skills coming with creation) that he links with the term nature (Khilkah). Talkingabout the fitrah of human is talking to the meaning and purpose the existence of human. Meaningfulness and purposefulness is the first law of the creation. Nature and dispositions, skills of human would indicate that there is a meaning and purpose, and hence points to the existence of God. In short, this article explores arguments of Maturidi regarding his opinions on knowing the existence of God by the fitrat/nature. </p><p> </p><p><strong>Allah'ın Varlığı'nı Aklen Bilmeye İlişkin Mâtürîdî'nin Fıtrat Delili </strong></p><p><strong>                                    (Hilkât Delili)</strong></p><p><strong>Öz</strong></p><p>İslâm düşünce tarihinde yer alan etkili düşünürlerden biri de Mâtürîdî'dir. Öyle ki Mâtürîdî (333/944), Ebû Hanîfe geleneğinin en güçlü simasıdır ve  Ehl-i Sünnet kelâmının kuruluşunda en büyük paya sahiptir. Bu çalışmanın amacı ise Mâtürîdî'nin düşünce dünyasında göze çarpan fıtrat ve fıtratullah kavramlarını açıklamak ve insanın kendisine ait aslî bir özelliği yani fıtrat ile Allah'ın varlığını aklen bilmenin imkânını araştırmaktır.</p><p>Başta insan olmak üzere, tüm varlıkların yaratılıştan sahip oldukları özelliklerin tamamına “fıtrat” denmektedir. Fıtrat insanın yaratılış biçimini sembolize etmektedir, dünyadaki bütün canlılar fıtrî denilen bir yapıya göre yaratılmıştır. İnsan birçok biyolojik, aklî, ruhî donanım ve yeteneklere doğuştan sahip olduğu, onları sonradan kazanmadığı bilinir. Yani insanın doğuştan sahip olduğu ahlakî-dinî yetenekleri bulunmaktadır ki bunlardan biri de “fıtrat”tır. Psikolog ve din psikologlarının ortak kabulüne göre insan düşünen varlık olduğu kadar inanan da bir varlıktır; onda inanma özelliği yaratılış yani verili olan yapısal donanım/kâbiliyet gereğidir. İşte Mâtürîdî doğuştan getirilen yeti ve yeteneklerin varlığını kabul etmiş, Allah'ın insanı akıl, duyu ve duygular gibi gelişmeye müsait bir takım içsel özelliklerle donatarak yarattığını savunmuştur. Bu iç destekler aslında insana tanınan imkânlar şeklinde anlaşılabilir. Mâtürîdî, insanın bilen (rasyonel) bir varlık oluşundan hareketle Yaratıcı'nın varlığına inanmasının haklı ve mâkul sebeplere dayandığını belirtmiş, hilkât terimiyle ilişkilendirdiği "fıtrat" (yaratılıştan doğruyu bulmaya elverişli kâbiliyetler) delilini kullanmıştır. Esasen insanın fıtratından bahsetmek, insanın varlığının anlam ve amacından söz etmektir, anlamlılık ve amaçlılık yaratılışın ilk yasası değerindedir. İnsanın doğası, eğilimleri, kâbiliyetleri anlam ve amacın varlığına ve dolayısıyla Allah'ın varlığına işaret etmektedir. İşte bu makalede fıtrat delilini kullanan Mâtürîdî'nin Allah'ın varlığını bilmeye yönelik ortaya koymuş olduğu argümanlar ele alınmış ve tartışılmıştır.</p><p><strong><br /></strong></p>


2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (24) ◽  
pp. 5522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan Yeon Lee ◽  
Kyong Hoon Kim ◽  
Heejo Lee

In this article, we propose a creation order reconstruction method of deleted files for the FAT32 file system with Windows operating systems. Creation order of files is established using a correlation between storage locations of the files and their directory entry locations. This method can be utilized to derive the creation-time bound of files recovered without the creation-time information. In this article, we first examine the file allocation behavior of Windows FAT32 file system. Next, based on the examined behavior, we propose a novel method that finds the creation order of deleted files after being recovered without the creation-time information. Due to complex behaviors of Windows FAT32 file system, the method may find multiple creation orders although the actual creation order is unique. In experiments with a commercial device, we confirm that the actual creation order of each recovered file belongs to one of the creation orders found by the method.


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