A Survey of Parental Knowledge of Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Other Respiratory Infections in Preterm Infants

PurposeEvaluate parental knowledge of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and other respiratory infections in preterm infants.DesignSurvey.SampleFive hundred and eighty-three parents of preterm infants with generalized, Canadian provincial representation.Main OutcomeKnowledge of RSV infection, sources of information, and parental understanding of disease risk.Results97.9 percent (571/583) of the parents had heard about RSV, since they all had a preterm infant. Sixty-one percent reported having good knowledge of RSV; 19.4 percent had very good knowledge; 19.7 percent had little or no awareness of RSV-related infection. Most (86.3 percent) believed that RSV illness was a very serious condition; 13 percent recognized that it could be a major problem for their child. Principal sources of information were the nurse, doctor and pamphlets. Over 480 participants cited 3 or more sources of additional information—Internet, social media platforms, and educational sessions. Respiratory syncytial virus prophylaxis was a priority, but knowledge regarding the eligibility criteria for prophylaxis is essential.

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1718. Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Surveillance in the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), 2010-2018

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.1896 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S843-S843

Author(s):

Cynthia Lucero-Obusan ◽

Patricia Schirmer ◽

Gina Oda ◽

Mark Holodniy

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Diagnostic Testing ◽

Fold Increase ◽

Respiratory Illness ◽

Veterans Affairs ◽

Department Of Veterans Affairs ◽

Management And Development ◽

Syncytial Virus ◽

National Trends

Abstract Background Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is an increasingly recognized cause of acute respiratory illness in older adults, leading to an estimated 177,000 hospitalizations and 14,000 deaths each year in the US. In adult populations, diagnostic testing for RSV has historically been underutilized. Herein, we examine national trends in RSV testing and infection across the Veterans Affairs (VA) healthcare system. Methods Electronic RSV laboratory testing results, ICD-coded hospitalizations and outpatient encounters were obtained from VA’s Praedico Surveillance System (1/1/2010-12/31/2018). Patients were reviewed for positive results, repeat testing, and demographics. Antibody tests were excluded. Results A total of 102,251 RSV results were included. Overall, 4,372 (4.3%) specimens from 4,263 unique individuals were positive with a median age of 67 years (range 0-101) and 90% were male. 1,511 individuals (35.4%) also had an RSV-coded hospitalization. RSV type was specified for only 7.8% of positives (Table). During 2010-2018 there were 2,522 RSV-coded hospitalizations (median length of stay = 4 days) among 2,444 unique individuals, which included 413 ICU stays (16.4%) and 98 deaths (3.9%) during the RSV-coded hospitalization. Approximately 78% of RSV-coded hospitalizations within VA (excluding all non-VA hospitalizations) had a documented positive test result. A greater than 15-fold increase in RSV tests performed, hospitalizations and outpatient encounters was observed from 2010-2018, although the percent testing positive remained relatively stable (Figure, Table). Figure. Testing for Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), Department of Veterans Affairs, 2010-2018. Table. Select RSV Surveillance Metrics, Department of Veterans Affairs, 2010-2018 Conclusion RSV testing and identification of patients with RSV infection increased dramatically during the time period analyzed, likely due to increased availability of PCR-based multi-pathogen panels and duplex assays. While the percentage of tests positive for RSV remained relatively stable, the rise in coded hospitalizations may be due to increased testing for RSV among hospitalized Veterans with severe respiratory infections. These surveillance data may allow for further characterization of RSV disease burden estimates which can help inform clinical management and development of interventions for adults, such as vaccines and antiviral therapies. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

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Respiratory syncytial virus B sequence analysis reveals a novel early genotype

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-83079-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Juan C. Muñoz-Escalante ◽

Andreu Comas-García ◽

Sofía Bernal-Silva ◽

Daniel E. Noyola

Keyword(s):

Molecular Markers ◽

Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽

Maximum Likelihood ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Detection Methods ◽

Sequence Alignments ◽

Multiple Sequence ◽

Individual Gene ◽

Syncytial Virus

AbstractRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of respiratory infections and is classified in two main groups, RSV-A and RSV-B, with multiple genotypes within each of them. For RSV-B, more than 30 genotypes have been described, without consensus on their definition. The lack of genotype assignation criteria has a direct impact on viral evolution understanding, development of viral detection methods as well as vaccines design. Here we analyzed the totality of complete RSV-B G gene ectodomain sequences published in GenBank until September 2018 (n = 2190) including 478 complete genome sequences using maximum likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses, as well as intergenotypic and intragenotypic distance matrices, in order to generate a systematic genotype assignation. Individual RSV-B genes were also assessed using maximum likelihood phylogenetic analyses and multiple sequence alignments were used to identify molecular markers associated to specific genotypes. Analyses of the complete G gene ectodomain region, sequences clustering patterns, and the presence of molecular markers of each individual gene indicate that the 37 previously described genotypes can be classified into fifteen distinct genotypes: BA, BA-C, BA-CC, CB1-THB, GB1-GB4, GB6, JAB1-NZB2, SAB1, SAB2, SAB4, URU2 and a novel early circulating genotype characterized in the present study and designated GB0.

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Respiratory syncytial virus in severe lower respiratory infections in previously healthy young Ethiopian infants

BMC Pediatrics ◽

10.1186/s12887-021-02675-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Abate Yeshidinber Weldetsadik ◽

Frank Riedel

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽

Rainy Season ◽

Clinical Laboratory ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Clinical Parameter ◽

Imaging Data ◽

Chi Square ◽

Young Infants ◽

Rsv Infection ◽

Syncytial Virus

Abstract Background Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is the commonest cause of acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) in infants. However, the burden of RSV is unknown in Ethiopia. We aimed to determine the prevalence, seasonality and predictors of RSV infection in young infants with ALRI for the first time in Ethiopia. Methods We performed RSV immuno-chromatographic assay from nasopharyngeal swabs of infants, 29 days to 6 months of age. We included the first 10 eligible infants in each month from June 2018 to May 2019 admitted in a tertiary pediatric center. Clinical, laboratory and imaging data were also collected, and chi-square test and regression were used to assess associated factors with RSV infection. Results Among a total of 117 study children, 65% were male and mean age was 3 months. Bronchiolitis was the commonest diagnosis (49%). RSV was isolated from 26 subjects (22.2%) of all ALRI, 37% of bronchiolitis and 11% of pneumonia patients. Although RSV infection occurred year round, highest rate extended from June to November. No clinical or laboratory parameter predicted RSV infection and only rainy season (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) 10.46 [95%. C.I. 1.95, 56.18]) was independent predictor of RSV infection. Conclusions RSV was isolated in a fifth of young infants with severe ALRI, mostly in the rainy season. Diagnosis of RSV infection in our setting require specific tests as no clinical parameter predicted RSV infection. Since RSV caused less than a quarter of ALRI in our setting, the other causes should be looked for in future studies.

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Molecular epidemiology of human respiratory syncytial virus and human metapneumovirus in hospitalized children with acute respiratory infections in Croatia, 2014–2017

Infection Genetics and Evolution ◽

10.1016/j.meegid.2019.104039 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 76 ◽

pp. 104039 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

M. Jagusic ◽

A. Slovic ◽

J. Ivancic-Jelecki ◽

S. Ljubin-Sternak ◽

T. Vilibić-Čavlek ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽

Molecular Epidemiology ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Human Metapneumovirus ◽

Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽

Hospitalized Children ◽

Acute Respiratory Infections ◽

Syncytial Virus

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Potential Neurocognitive Symptoms Due to Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens11010047 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 47

Author(s):

Catalina A. Andrade ◽

Alexis M. Kalergis ◽

Karen Bohmwald

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽

Viral Infections ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

The Elderly ◽

Cell Types ◽

Potential Effect ◽

Viral Agent ◽

Pulmonary Manifestations ◽

Syncytial Virus ◽

Tract Infections

Respiratory infections are among the major public health burdens, especially during winter. Along these lines, the human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is the principal viral agent causing acute lower respiratory tract infections leading to hospitalization. The pulmonary manifestations due to hRSV infection are bronchiolitis and pneumonia, where the population most affected are infants and the elderly. However, recent evidence suggests that hRSV infection can impact the mother and fetus during pregnancy. Studies have indicated that hRSV can infect different cell types from the placenta and even cross the placenta barrier and infect the fetus. In addition, it is known that infections during the gestational period can lead to severe consequences for the development of the fetus due not only to a direct viral infection but also because of maternal immune activation (MIA). Furthermore, it has been described that the development of the central nervous system (CNS) of the fetus can be affected by the inflammatory environment of the uterus caused by viral infections. Increasing evidence supports the notion that hRSV could invade the CNS and infect nervous cells, such as microglia, neurons, and astrocytes, promoting neuroinflammation. Moreover, it has been described that the hRSV infection can provoke neurological manifestations, including cognitive impairment and behavioral alterations. Here, we will review the potential effect of hRSV in brain development and the potential long-term neurological sequelae.

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Use of the moving epidemic method (MEM) to assess national surveillance data for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in the Netherlands, 2005 to 2017

Eurosurveillance ◽

10.2807/1560-7917.es.2019.24.20.1800469 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (20) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Laura M Vos ◽

Anne C Teirlinck ◽

José E Lozano ◽

Tomás Vega ◽

Gé A Donker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽

The Netherlands ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Laboratory Data ◽

Age Distribution ◽

Age Groups ◽

Surveillance Data ◽

Cumulative Number ◽

Laboratory Surveillance ◽

Syncytial Virus

Background To control respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), which causes acute respiratory infections, data and methods to assess its epidemiology are important. Aim We sought to describe RSV seasonality, affected age groups and RSV-type distribution over 12 consecutive seasons in the Netherlands, as well as to validate the moving epidemic method (MEM) for monitoring RSV epidemics. Methods We used 2005−17 laboratory surveillance data and sentinel data. For RSV seasonality evaluation, epidemic thresholds (i) at 1.2% of the cumulative number of RSV-positive patients per season and (ii) at 20 detections per week (for laboratory data) were employed. We also assessed MEM thresholds. Results In laboratory data RSV was reported 25,491 times (no denominator). In sentinel data 5.6% (767/13,577) of specimens tested RSV positive. Over 12 seasons, sentinel data showed percentage increases of RSV positive samples. The average epidemic length was 18.0 weeks (95% confidence intervals (CI): 16.3–19.7) and 16.5 weeks (95% CI: 14.0–18.0) for laboratory and sentinel data, respectively. Epidemics started on average in week 46 (95% CI: 45–48) and 47 (95% CI: 46–49), respectively. The peak was on average in the first week of January in both datasets. MEM showed similar results to the other methods. RSV incidence was highest in youngest (0–1 and >1–2 years) and oldest (>65–75 and > 75 years) age groups, with age distribution remaining stable over time. RSV-type dominance alternated every one or two seasons. Conclusions Our findings provide baseline information for immunisation advisory groups. The possibility of employing MEM to monitor RSV epidemics allows prospective, nearly real-time use of surveillance data.

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Respiratory syncytial virus and airway microbiota -- A complex interplay and its reflection on morbidity

10.22541/au.160638847.70128113/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Giovanni Rossi ◽

Stefania Ballarini ◽

Michela Silvestri ◽

Oliviero Sacco ◽

Andrew Colin

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽

Disease Severity ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Pediatric Population ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Severe Disease ◽

Microbial Community Composition ◽

Positive Role ◽

Syncytial Virus ◽

Tract Infections

The immunopathology of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, the most common cause of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) in the pediatric population, with severe disease being the exception. The variability of the clinical presentation is incompletely explained by host, viral and environmental factors but, in infants and young children, disease severity is certainly linked to the physiological immune immaturity. There is evidence that the maturation of the host immune response is, at least in part, promoted by the composition of the nasopharyngeal microbiome that, modulating excessive inflammation, can counteract the predisposition to develop viral respiratory infections and lower the risk of disease severity. However, interaction between the nasopharyngeal microbiota and respiratory viruses can be bidirectional. Microbial dysbiosis can drive disease pathogenesis but may also represents a reflection of the disease-induced alterations of the local milieu. Moreover, viruses like RSV, can also increase the virulence of potential pathogens in nasopharynx, which is a main reservoir of bacteria, and therefore promote their spread to the lower airways causing superinfection. Negative changes in microbial community composition in early life may constitute a heightened risk towards severe RSV respiratory infection and bacterial superinfection, whilst specific groups of microorganisms can be associated with protection. A better understanding into the potential negative and positive role of the different nasopharyngeal bacterial species in disease prevention as well as into the possible benefits of microbiome therapeutic manipulation, may improve patient outcomes.

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