scholarly journals Prevalence and Overlap of Childhood and Adult Physical, Sexual, and Emotional Abuse: A Descriptive Analysis of Results From the Boston Area Community Health (BACH) Survey

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gretchen R. Chiu ◽  
Karen E. Lutfey ◽  
Heather J. Litman ◽  
Carol L. Link ◽  
Susan A. Hall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Single Type ◽  
Poverty Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Analysis Of Results ◽  
And Gender

Abuse is associated with a wide variety of health problems, yet comprehensive population-based data are scant. Existing literature focuses on a single type of abuse, population, or lifestage. Using a racially/ethnically diverse community-based sample, we document the prevalence of physical, emotional, and sexual abuse by lifestage and gender; assess variation in abuse by sociodemographics; establish overlap of abuses; and examine childhood abuse relationships with abuse in adulthood. Prevalence of abuse ranges from 15% to 27%; women report more adulthood emotional abuse and lifetime sexual abuse than men; reports of abuse can vary by race/ethnicity and poverty status, particularly in women; there is overlap between types of abuse; and a history of childhood abuse is associated with a greater risk of abuse as an adult.

A Descriptive Analysis of the Child Protection Histories of Youth and Young Adults Arrested in California

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 324-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Lane Eastman ◽  
Regan Foust ◽  
John Prindle ◽  
Lindsey Palmer ◽  
Justin Erlich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Multinomial Model ◽  
Protective Service ◽  
Youth And Young Adults ◽  
History Of

In this study, we use population-based linked administrative data to document the full child protective service (CPS) histories of arrested youth and young adults. We extracted records for all individuals aged 24 and under who were arrested in California in 2014 and 2015. These records were probabilistically linked to statewide CPS records dating back to 1998. Overall, 43.4% of those arrested had a history of CPS involvement. Among individuals with uncensored CPS records (born in 1998 or later), 60.2% had past CPS involvement. Findings indicate that youth and young adults booked for a felony offense were more likely to have a history of CPS involvement than those booked for misdemeanors. A multinomial model served to confirm bivariate findings. This study provides further evidence that community concerns of childhood maltreatment were common among criminal justice–involved young adults.

scholarly journals Mental Health in the Cree Peoples of Northern Quebec: Relationships Among Trauma, Familial Psychological Distress, and Mood or Anxiety Disorders

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 180-189
Author(s):  
Laura M. Heath ◽  
Jill Torrie ◽  
Kathryn J. Gill
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Mood Disorder ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Substance Dependence ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Parental History ◽  
History Of

Objective: This study examined the physical and mental health of Cree adults, as well as the personal, clinical, and environmental factors associated with the presence of lifetime anxiety and mood disorders. Methods: Mental health was assessed using the computerised version of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (CDIS-IV), and standardised instruments were used to assess physical health, addiction severity, and psychological distress in 506 randomly selected participants from 4 Northern Cree communities in Quebec. Results: Overall, 46.1% of participants reported chronic medical problems, 42.1% were current smokers and 34.5% met the DSM-IV criteria for an anxiety or mood disorder. Individuals with an anxiety or mood disorder were younger, predominantly female, and with higher educational levels, and a large proportion (47.7%) met the lifetime criteria for substance dependence. Hierarchical regression determined that anxiety or mood disorders were associated with serious problems getting along with parents, a history of physical and sexual abuse, and a lifetime diagnosis of substance dependence. Overall, 29.7% of Cree adults reported sexual abuse, 47.1% physical abuse, and 52.9% emotional abuse. Conclusions: This study highlights the high rates of physical and mental health problems in Cree communities and the association among parental history of psychological problems, history of abuse, and psychological distress. Participants expressed a desire for additional medical and psychological treatments to address the patterns of abuse, trauma, and mental disorders that are burdening the Cree communities in Northern Quebec.

scholarly journals Childhood adversity and clinical and psychosocial outcomes in psychosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Turner ◽  
C. Harvey ◽  
L. Hayes ◽  
D. Castle ◽  
C. Galletly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Adverse Event ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Childhood Adversity ◽  
Psychosocial Outcomes ◽  
Psychosocial Stressor ◽  
Illness Onset

Abstract Aims Associations between childhood abuse and various psychotic illnesses in adulthood are commonly reported. We aim to examine associations between several reported childhood adverse events (sexual abuse, physical abuse, emotional abuse, neglect and interpersonal loss) among adults with diagnosed psychotic disorders and clinical and psychosocial outcomes. Methods Within a large epidemiological study, the 2010 Australian National Survey of Psychosis (Survey of High Impact Psychosis, SHIP), we used logistic regression to model childhood adverse events (any and specific types) on 18 clinical and psychosocial outcomes. Results Eighty percent of SHIP participants (1466/1825) reported experiencing adverse events in childhood (sexual abuse, other types of abuse and interpersonal loss). Participants reporting any form of childhood adversity had higher odds for 12/18 outcomes we examined. Significant associations were observed with all psychosocial outcomes (social dysfunction, victimisation, offending and homelessness within the previous 12 months, and definite psychosocial stressor within 12 months of illness onset), with the strongest association for homelessness (odds ratio (OR) = 2.82). Common across all adverse event types was an association with lifetime depression, anxiety and a definite psychosocial stressor within 12 months of illness onset. When adverse event types were non-hierarchically coded, sexual abuse was associated with 11/18 outcomes, other types of abuse 13/18 and, interpersonal loss occurring in the absence of other forms of abuse was associated with fewer of the clinical and psychosocial outcomes, 4/18. When adverse events types were coded hierarchically (to isolate the effect of interpersonal loss in the absence of abuse), interpersonal loss was associated with lower odds of self-reproach (OR = 0.70), negative syndrome (OR = 0.75) and victimisation (OR = 0.82). Conclusions Adverse childhood experiences among people with psychosis are common, as are subsequent psychosocial stressors. Mental health professionals should routinely enquire about all types of adversities in this group and provide effective service responses. Childhood abuse, including sexual abuse, may contribute to subsequent adversity, poor psychosocial functioning and complex needs among people with psychosis. Longitudinal research to better understand these relationships is needed, as are studies which evaluate the effectiveness of preventative interventions in high-risk groups.

Childhood Abuse Related to Nicotine, Illicit and Prescription Drug use by Women: Pilot Study

2008 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. 459-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathy L. Pederson ◽  
Daniel R. Vanhorn ◽  
Josephine F. Wilson ◽  
Lisa M. Martorano ◽  
Jana M. Venema ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Sleeping Pills ◽  
Prescription Drug Use ◽  
Type Of Abuse ◽  
Childhood Emotional Abuse

A sample of 811 women ages 18 to 59 ( M = 26.0, SD=6.5) responded to an advertisement by telephone. Inquiries were made about childhood abuse status and adult use of alcohol, nicotine, and prescription and illicit drugs. Significant associations were noted for reported sexual, physical, and emotional childhood abuse with use of nicotine, marijuana, and antidepressants in adulthood. Reported childhood physical and emotional abuses were also significantly associated with use of cocaine and anxiolytics, and sexual abuse with antipsychotic use in adulthood. Only childhood emotional abuse was associated with the use of sleeping pills. Number of types of abuse was significantly related with use of nicotine, marijuana, cocaine, antidepressants, antipsychotics, and anxiolytics. Alcohol use was not related to any type of abuse. The long-term effects of childhood emotional abuse may be just as severe as physical or sexual abuse.

Inequitable distribution of implantable cardioverter defibrillators in Ontario

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 354-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob A. Udell ◽  
David N. Juurlink ◽  
Alexander Kopp ◽  
Douglas S. Lee ◽  
Jack V. Tu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators ◽  
Icd Implantation ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Patients With Heart Failure ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Cardioverter Defibrillators

Objectives:Implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) therapy reduces the risk of sudden death in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy, but their novelty and cost may represent barriers to utilization. The objective of this study was to examine the influence of age, gender, place of residence, and socioeconomic status on rates of ICD implantation for the primary prevention of death.Methods:We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study involving the entire province of Ontario, Canada. Patients were eligible if they had survived following hospitalization for heart failure from 1 January 1993, to 31 March 2004, and previously sustained an acute coronary syndrome within 5 years. Patients with an existing ICD or a documented history of cardiac arrest were excluded, as were patients who died in the hospital. Primary outcome was ICD implantation.Results:We identified 48,426 patients hospitalized for heart failure who survived to hospital discharge. Of these, 440 received an ICD, with a gradual 30-fold increase in implantation rates over the study period (.12–3.9 percent). ICD recipients were more likely to be men (odds ratio [OR] = 4.14; 95 percent confidence interval [CI], 3.24–5.30), younger than 75 years of age (OR = 3.19; 95 percent CI, 2.57–3.96), reside in a metropolitan area (OR = 1.42; 95 percent CI, 1.04–1.9), and live in a higher socioeconomic neighborhood (OR = 1.32; 95 percent CI, 1.08–1.61).Conclusions:Among patients with heart failure and a previous myocardial infarction, ICD use is increasing in Ontario. However, the application of this technology is characterized by major sociodemographic inequities. The causes and consequences of the pronounced age and gender discrepancies, in particular, warrant further investigation.

Understanding Revictimization Among Childhood Sexual Abuse Survivors: An Interpersonal Schema Approach

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marylene Cloitre ◽  
Lisa R. Cohen ◽  
Polly Scarvalone
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Childhood Sexual Abuse ◽  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Sexually Abused ◽  
Developmental Model ◽  
Trauma Survivors ◽  
Repetition Compulsion ◽  
History Of Childhood ◽  
History Of ◽  
Interpersonal Schema

Revictimization among women with a history of childhood sexual abuse was investigated within the context of a developmental model of interpersonal schemas. Data from the Interpersonal Schema Questionnaire (ISQ) revealed contrasting schema characteristics among sexually revictimized women (those sexually abused in childhood and sexually assaulted in adulthood) (n = 26), compared to those only abused in childhood (n = 18), and those never abused or assaulted (n = 25). Both revictimized women and never victimized women significantly generalized their predominant parental schemas to current relationships and differed only in the content of the schemas. The generalized parental schema of revictimized women viewed others as hostile and controlling while that of never victimized women viewed others as warm and noncontrolling. Women who had only been abused in childhood held schemas of parents as hostile but not controlling and did not generalize from parental to current schemas. The tendency to generalize observed in the first two groups suggest that “repetition compulsion” is not limited to those who were traumatized and are psychologically distressed. In this article, reasons for the absence of generalization among the childhood abuse only group are explored and implications for the treatment of childhood trauma survivors are discussed.

Students Affected by Neglect

2012 ◽  
pp. 203-218
Author(s):  
Mardi Bernard ◽  
Elizabeth Popard Newell
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Emotional Development ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Academic Engagement ◽  
Social And Emotional Development ◽  
Lifelong Learners ◽  
Social And Emotional ◽  
School Based ◽  
History Of

Educators strive to provide an engaging environment which fosters the development of lifelong learners, and enthusiastically seek students that present with the optimal levels of academic engagement. These students are ambitious, independent, self-directed, and persistently strive toward competence and academic mastery.7 However, students who have experienced neglect may experience barriers that inhibit their ability to meet this ideal standard. Due to a multitude of interrelated factors in their neglectful home environment, these students may present with serious deficits in cognitive, academic, behavioral, social, and emotional development. This chapter is written to help teachers and school-based professionals understand and support the needs of students with a history of neglect including those whose neglect is ongoing. For a more comprehensive understanding of child maltreatment and the range of educational supports, readers are encouraged to also review Chapters 13 (sexual abuse) and 15 (physical and emotional abuse).

Prevalence, subtypes, severity and determinants of ocular trauma: The Singapore Chinese Eye Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark YZ Wong ◽  
Ryan EK Man ◽  
Preeti Gupta ◽  
Charumathi Sabanayagam ◽  
Tien Yin Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ocular Trauma ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Chemical Burns ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Sharp Object ◽  
Singapore Chinese ◽  
History Of ◽  
Multivariable Models ◽  
And Gender

PurposeTo describe the prevalence, subtypes, severity and determinants of ocular trauma (OT) in a population-based study in Singapore.MethodsWe included 3353 Chinese adults aged ≥40 years from the Singapore Chinese Eye Study, a population-based study, conducted between 2009 and 2011. OT was defined as self-reported history of any eye injury requiring medical attention with or without hospitalisation, and further classified as blunt object, sharp object or chemical burns related. Age and gender-standardised prevalence was estimated using the 2010 Singapore Chinese population census. Multivariable models were used to assess the independent associations of OT with age, gender, income, education, literacy, alcohol consumption, smoking and history of falls.ResultsThe mean (SD) age was 59.7 (9.9) years and 49.4% were male. There were 138 OT cases, giving a crude and age and gender-standardised prevalence of 4.1% (95% CI 3.5% to 4.8%) and 4.4% (95% CI 3.7% to 5.2%), respectively. Of these, 45 (32.6%), 56 (40.6%) and 10 (7.3%) were blunt object, sharp object and chemical burns-related trauma, respectively. Twenty eight (20.3%) required hospitalisation, with no difference between subtypes. In multivariable models, men (OR (95% CI): 2.80 (1.79–4.39)), younger persons (per year decrease in age (1.03 (1.00–1.05)) and lower education levels (1.8 (1.25–2.60); comparing ≤6 years vs >6 years of education) were independent determinants of OT.ConclusionsOT affected one in 25 adults, with 20% of these requiring hospitalisation. Because OT is preventable, raising awareness and education strategies in the population would allow prevention of vision loss particularly in men, and younger and lesser-educated individuals.

Childhood Domestic Violence as an Ancestor for Adulthood Mental Health Problems: Experiences of Jordanian Women

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 390-395
Author(s):  
Hanan Al-Modallal ◽  
Hasan Al-Omari ◽  
Shaher Hamaideh ◽  
Tariq Shehab
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Women's History ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Abused Women ◽  
Childhood Neglect ◽  
Wilks Lambda ◽  
History Of

This study was conducted to explore the relationship between women’s history of experiencing different types of abuse during childhood and development of mental health problems in adulthood. A convenience sample of 409 women recruited from health care centers in Jordan provided data for the study. One-way between-groups multivariate analysis of variance was implemented. Results indicated absence of statistically significant differences in mental health problems between physically abused and sexually abused women compared to their counterparts. Further, a statistically significant difference in mental health was found between women who experienced emotional abuse and childhood neglect compared to their counterparts (Wilks’ lambda for emotional abuse = .914, p < .0001; Wilks’ lambda for childhood neglect = .83, p < .0001). Between-groups comparisons using Bonferroni adjustment indicated that all dependent variables (depression, anxiety, stress, and self-esteem) differed significantly between emotionally and nonemotionally abused women and between neglected and nonneglected women. It was concluded that not all childhood abuse experiences lead to long-term impacts on women’s mental health. However, mental health consequences of childhood abuse may alter women’s obligations toward family, children, and home. Therefore, efforts directed toward assessing women’s history of childhood abuse are very important especially for those who are starting a marital relationship.

scholarly journals 0859 Types Of Childhood Maltreatment And Sleep Regulation During Pregnancy

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A327-A327
Author(s):  
E Touchette ◽  
S Servot ◽  
R Lemieux ◽  
N Berthelot
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Childhood Sexual Abuse ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Sleep Regulation ◽  
History Of Childhood ◽  
Different Types ◽  
History Of

Abstract Introduction Pregnant women with history of childhood maltreatment would have around 2-fold increased odds of poor subjective sleep in comparison to pregnant women without history of trauma (Gelaye et al., 2015). Our aim was to evaluate whether different types of childhood maltreatment were associated with poorer subjective and objective sleep regulation during the second trimester of pregnancy. Methods Sleep regulation between 18-20 weeks of gestation was assessed in a sample of 55 expectant mothers, including 31 women exposed to childhood maltreatment. Three measures of sleep were administered: 7-day actigraph measures (Mini-Mitter/Respironics), 7-day sleep diary and the completion of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Childhood maltreatment was assessed using the Chilhood Trauma Questionnaire. Generalized linear regression models were used to examine the associations between sleep measures and types of childhood maltreatment after adjusting for confounding variables (e.g., maternal age, maternal wellbeing, education attainment and family income). Results Among the 31 participants with history of childhood maltreatment, 71% (n=22) reported emotional abuse, 26% (n=8) physical abuse, 39% (n=12) sexual abuse, 42% (n=13) emotional neglect and 65% (n=20) physical neglect. Pregnant women with childhood emotional abuse had around 2.8 higher score on PSQI in comparison to pregnant women without childhood emotional abuse (P&lt;0.003). For objective sleep measures, pregnant women with childhood sexual abuse had around 1 hour less of nocturnal sleep (P&lt;0.004), 30 minutes more nocturnal awakenings (P&lt;0.03) and 6% less of sleep efficiency (P&lt;0.01) compared with pregnant women without childhood sexual abuse. Conclusion Emotional abuse during childhood was associated with poorer perceived sleep quality during the 2nd trimester of pregnancy while childhood sexual abuse was particularly associated with objective measures of sleep regulation. Future larger studies are needed to confirm the impact of the different types of childhood maltreatment on maternal sleep quality during pregnancy. Support Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC, 2018-2020, Canada)

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