Are Childhood Abuse and Neglect Related to Age of First Homelessness Episode Among Currently Homeless Adults?

This study investigates 500 homeless adults and the associations between childhood maltreatment types and the age of first reported homelessness episode. Those first experiencing homelessness in youth (age 24 years or younger; 46%) were compared with those first experiencing homelessness at a later age (older than age 24 years). In individual models, physical abuse, emotional abuse, and emotional neglect were associated with first experiencing homelessness during youth (p< .02 for all types of maltreatment). In the simultaneous model, only emotional abuse remained significantly associated (p= .002). In addition, increasing numbers of maltreatment were associated with becoming homeless during youth (p< .0001). These results highlight the unique associations between childhood maltreatment types and becoming homeless earlier in life and support the need for early interventions with at-risk families.

Download Full-text

From Childhood Maltreatment To Depression Behind Bars : Testing A Theoretical Model Of Adolescent Depression Among Juvenile Offenders

10.32920/ryerson.14665362 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sonya G. Wanklyn

Keyword(s):

Sexual Abuse ◽

Substance Use ◽

Theoretical Model ◽

Juvenile Offenders ◽

Physical Abuse ◽

Childhood Maltreatment ◽

Emotional Abuse ◽

Incarcerated Youth ◽

Emotional Neglect ◽

Depression Severity

Despite research consistently demonstrating a link between childhood maltreatment and depression, our understanding of the potential mediators of this relationship remains limited. Based on the existing literature and corresponding theories, a theoretical model was constructed to assess the effects of childhood maltreatment, impulsivity, hopelessness, and substance use on adolescent offenders' depression severity. This model was tested for sexual abuse, physical abuse, emotional abuse, and emotional neglect using a series of path analyses. Impulsivity and hopelessness partially mediated the effects of childhood sexual abuse and emotional abuse on depression severity, and fully mediated the effects of childhood physical abuse and emotional neglect. Contrary to expectation, substance use did not mediate the relationship between childhood maltreatment and depression severity. These results suggest that childhood maltreatment, impulsivity, and hopelessness may be important variables to include in clinical research related to depression in incarcerated youth.

Download Full-text

Childhood Maltreatment in Individuals With Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: The Impact of Cut-Off Scores on Prevalence Rates

Frontiers in Psychiatry ◽

10.3389/fpsyt.2021.692492 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Angelina Weitkämper ◽

Michael Kellner ◽

Jona Ruben Iffland ◽

Martin Driessen ◽

Hanna Kley ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sexual Abuse ◽

Physical Abuse ◽

Childhood Maltreatment ◽

Emotional Abuse ◽

Common Phenomenon ◽

Prevalence Rates ◽

Emotional Neglect ◽

Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽

Physical Neglect ◽

The Impact

Childhood maltreatment is a common phenomenon in various psychiatric disorders. Accordingly, patients with disorders from the schizophrenia spectrum (SSD) appear to have high prevalence rates of childhood maltreatment. However, the interpretation and comparability of prevalence rates is impeded by methodological weaknesses and differences such as measures and thresholds used in previous studies. Therefore, we aimed to provide and compare systematically captured data on prevalence rates of all common types of childhood maltreatment in patients with SSD using a standardized and well-established questionnaire and the most frequently used thresholds. The sample consisted of 48 patients with a primary diagnosis of SSD. 58.3–77.1% of the sample experienced at least one type of childhood maltreatment. Prevalence rates for physical abuse, physical neglect, and emotional abuse were dependent on the thresholds used, while equal rates were found for emotional neglect and sexual abuse. Physical neglect (46–67%), and emotional abuse (44–48%) were most commonly reported, followed by emotional neglect (38%), physical abuse (25–38%), and sexual abuse (25%). Additionally, high levels of peer victimization were reported by SSD patients. It appears that childhood maltreatment is a common phenomenon in SSD, even though methodological details, especially cut-off scores, have a substantial impact on the prevalence rates that are determined. Therefore, the methodology of studies should be closely examined when drawing conclusions from presented prevalence rates.

Download Full-text

A Meta-Analysis of Childhood Maltreatment in Relation to Psychopathic Traits

10.31234/osf.io/4syjt ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Corine de Ruiter ◽

Matthias Burghart ◽

Raneesha De Silva ◽

Sara Griesbeck Garcia ◽

Ushna Mian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Abuse ◽

Childhood Maltreatment ◽

Emotional Abuse ◽

Complex Trauma ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Therapeutic Interventions ◽

Effect Sizes ◽

Social Deviance ◽

Abuse And Neglect

Psychopathy is a personality disorder characterized by a mix of traits belonging to four facets: affective (e.g., callous/lack of empathy), interpersonal (e.g., grandiosity), behavioral instability (e.g., impulsivity, poor behavioral controls), and social deviance (e.g., juvenile delinquency, criminal versatility). Several scholars have argued that early childhood maltreatment impacts the development of psychopathy, although views regarding its role in the four facets differ. We conducted a meta-analysis including 47 studies comprising a total of 349 effect sizes and 12,737 participants, to investigate the association between the four psychopathy facets and four types of child maltreatment: physical abuse, emotional abuse, neglect, and sexual abuse.We found support for a moderate link between overall psychopathy and childhood physical abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect, as well as overall childhood maltreatment. The link between psychopathy and childhood sexual abuse was small, but still significant. These associations were stronger for the behavioral and antisocial facets than for the affective and interpersonal facets of psychopathy, but nearly all associations were significant. Our findings are consistent with recently developed theories on the role of complex trauma in the development of severe personality disorders. Trauma-focused preventive and therapeutic interventions can provide further tests of the trauma-psychopathy hypothesis.

Download Full-text

Child abuse in panic disorder

Medicinski pregled ◽

10.2298/mpns0804169b ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 61 (3-4) ◽

pp. 169-172 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Dimitar Bonevski ◽

Antoni Novotni

Keyword(s):

Sexual Abuse ◽

Child Abuse ◽

Panic Disorder ◽

Childhood Abuse ◽

Clinical Manifestation ◽

Emotional Abuse ◽

Control Group ◽

Emotional Neglect ◽

Abuse And Neglect ◽

Physical Neglect

Introduction Numerous authors associate child abuse with serious long-term consequences to the general and psychological well-being in particular. Clinical research to date reveals strong correlation between childhood abuse and neglect and anxiety disorders, especially panic disorder. Material and Methods This study was conducted in order to assess the level of emotional, physical and sexual childhood abuse as well as the physical and emotional childhood neglect in 40 adult patients suffering from panic disorder, diagnosed in accordance with the 10th International Classification of Disorders diagnostic criteria, compared with the control group of 40 healthy test subjects without a history of psychiatric disorders, using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. The severity of the clinical manifestation in patients with panic disorder was assessed using the Panic Disorder Severity Scale. Results and Discussion There were no significant differences between the groups as to the level of sexual abuse and physical neglect, whereas in the group of patients with panic disorder, the level of physical and emotional abuse was significantly higher, with emphasis on emotional neglect. With regards to the correlation between the severity of the clinical manifestation in patients with panic disorder and the severity of suffered abuse and neglect in childhood age, significant correlation was found in the physical and emotional abuse as well as emotional neglect. There was no significant correlation in the aspect of the physical neglect and sexual abuse. Conclusion Our research underlines the importance of childhood physical abuse, and especially emotional abuse and emotional neglect in the occurrence of panic disorder later in life.

Download Full-text

From Childhood Maltreatment To Depression Behind Bars : Testing A Theoretical Model Of Adolescent Depression Among Juvenile Offenders

10.32920/ryerson.14665362.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sonya G. Wanklyn

Keyword(s):

Sexual Abuse ◽

Substance Use ◽

Theoretical Model ◽

Juvenile Offenders ◽

Physical Abuse ◽

Childhood Maltreatment ◽

Emotional Abuse ◽

Incarcerated Youth ◽

Emotional Neglect ◽

Depression Severity

Download Full-text

Safeguarding children

InnovAiT Education and inspiration for general practice ◽

10.1177/1755738021995851 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 175573802199585

Author(s):

Sabana Shaikh ◽

Rubena Ali Malik

Keyword(s):

Sexual Abuse ◽

Child Abuse ◽

Healthcare Professional ◽

Physical Abuse ◽

Emotional Abuse ◽

Multidisciplinary Meetings ◽

The Family ◽

Abuse And Neglect ◽

Psychological Harm

It is the duty of every healthcare professional to ensure they prioritise the welfare of a child by protecting them from physical or psychological harm. Forms of child abuse include physical abuse, emotional abuse, sexual abuse and neglect. A child subjected to emotional abuse or neglect can present with ambiguous symptoms, making the abuse difficult to detect. Safeguarding concerns must be acted upon according to local procedures, guided by the child safeguarding lead and the practice safeguarding policy. Safeguarding multidisciplinary meetings can be an effective way of communicating with various professionals involved with the family.

Download Full-text

Severity of traumatic events in patients with eating disorders. A case-control study

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.332 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 33 (S1) ◽

pp. S165-S166

Author(s):

A.M. Pignatelli ◽

C. Loriedo ◽

M. Biondi ◽

P. Girardi ◽

J. Vanderlinden ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Eating Disorders ◽

Childhood Abuse ◽

Emotional Abuse ◽

Traumatic Events ◽

University Hospital ◽

Traumatic Experiences ◽

Emotional Neglect ◽

Psychiatric Outpatient Clinic ◽

Competing Interest ◽

Age Range

IntroductionA high proportion of individuals with eating disorders (EDs) report childhood abuse and neglect. The prevalence of traumatic events in ED patients has been extensively investigated; less is known about their self-perceived–and reported–severity. Objectives/Aims: We aimed to assess in ED patients vs. healthy controls the severity, i.e., duration, perpetrator, and subjective impact, of sexual, physical, and emotional traumas suffered from 0 to 18 years, paying particular attention to emotional neglect.MethodsFifty-seven consecutive DSM-V ED patients (91.2% females; age range: 18–42 years) were recruited at the Psychiatric Outpatient Clinic of our University Hospital. Ninety controls (78.9% females; age range: 20–39 years) were also recruited. Among ED patients, 43.9% had restrictive anorexia nervosa (AN), 29.8% binge/purging AN, 26.3% bulimia nervosa. Individuals completed the Eating Disorder Inventory-2 (EDI-2) and the Traumatic Experiences Checklist (TEC).ResultsThe severity of all traumatic events, according to the TEC total score, was significantly higher in ED patients than controls (P < 0.001). Moreover, ED patients showed significantly higher scores with regard to emotional neglect (P < 0.001) and emotional abuse (P < 0.001). The same can be said for physical traumas (P < 0.01) and physical abuse (P < 0.01), although with a lower significance, and for sexual abuse (P < 0.05), with an even lower significance. No difference in the severity of sexual harassment was found.ConclusionsAll types of traumas, especially neglect, can occur in ED patients and controls, however they are reported as more severe by ED patients.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Download Full-text

Adverse childhood experiences and their relationship to gender and depression among young adults in Iraq: a cross-sectional study

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-019-7957-9 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ameel F. Al Shawi ◽

Yassen T. Sarhan ◽

Mahasin A. Altaha

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Physical Abuse ◽

Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽

Emotional Abuse ◽

Statistical Tests ◽

Emotional Neglect ◽

Convenience Sample ◽

Childhood Experiences ◽

Adverse Childhood ◽

Physical Neglect

Abstract Background Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are considered as universal public health problem that associate with mental disorders and risky behaviors during adulthood. The aims of the paper are to estimate the prevalence of Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) among young adults in Iraq as well as to estimate the association between ACEs and depression. Methods A convenience sample of young adults of 18–20 years was chosen from centre and west of Iraq, mainly from universities. The adverse childhood experiences were measured by Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire. A depression scale was derived from the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS). Statistical tests: chi square was used to measure the association between adverse childhood experiences and other variables like gender and depression. Odds ratios were computed to estimate the risk for depression. A P value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The total number of participants was 401, 38.9% of the subjects were men, while 61.1% were women. The mean age of the participants was 18.88 ± 0.745. The results revealed that the most common forms of ACEs among the subjects were physical neglect (19.8%) and emotional neglect (19.2%) followed by physical abuse (17.21%) while sexual abuse was 7.52%. There was statistically significant association between most forms of adverse childhood experiences especially emotional abuse, emotional neglect, physical abuse and physical neglect with depression. Conclusion ACEs are not uncommon among young adults in Iraq and are associated with depression in adulthood. National programmes to support mental health rehabilitation might be necessary to reduce the effect of ACEs among Iraqi people, especially for adolescents and young adults.

Download Full-text

Childhood maltreatment and adult suicidality: a comprehensive systematic review with meta-analysis

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291718003823 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 49 (07) ◽

pp. 1057-1078 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Ioannis Angelakis ◽

Emma Louise Gillespie ◽

Maria Panagioti

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Childhood Abuse ◽

Childhood Maltreatment ◽

Emotional Abuse ◽

Suicide Attempts ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Bibliographic Databases ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Different Types

AbstractThis comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis aims to quantify the association between different types of childhood maltreatment and suicidality. We searched five bibliographic databases, including Medline, PsychINFO, Embase, Web of Science and CINAHL, until January 2018. Random-effects meta-analysis was employed followed by univariable and multivariable meta-regressions. Heterogeneity was quantified using theI2statistic and formal publication bias tests were undertaken. The methodological quality of the studies was critically appraised and accounted in the meta-regression analyses. Data from 68 studies based onn= 261.660 adults were pooled. All different types of childhood maltreatment including sexual abuse [odds ratio (OR) 3.17, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.76–3.64], physical abuse (OR 2.52, 95% CI 2.09–3.04) and emotional abuse (OR 2.49, 95% CI 1.64–3.77) were associated with two- to three-fold increased risk for suicide attempts. Similar results were found for the association between childhood maltreatment and suicidal ideation. Complex childhood abuse was associated with a particularly high risk for suicide attempts in adults (OR 5.18, 95% CI 2.52–10.63). Variations across the studies in terms of demographic and clinical characteristics of the participants and other core methodological factors did not affect the findings of the main analyses. We conclude that there is solid evidence that childhood maltreatment is associated with increased odds for suicidality in adults. The main outstanding challenge is to better understand the mechanisms which underpin the development of suicidality in people exposed to childhood maltreatment because current evidence is scarce.

Download Full-text

Elder Abuse in Nursing Homes: Do Special Care Units Make a Difference? A Secondary Data Analysis of the Swiss Nursing Homes Human Resources Project

Gerontology ◽

10.1159/000450787 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 63 (2) ◽

pp. 169-179 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Olivia Blumenfeld Arens ◽

Katharina Fierz ◽

Franziska Zúñiga

Keyword(s):

Data Analysis ◽

Nursing Homes ◽

Human Resources ◽

Physical Abuse ◽

Emotional Abuse ◽

Safety Climate ◽

Elder Abuse ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Care Workers ◽

Abuse And Neglect

Background: In special care units (SCUs) for residents with advanced dementia, both personnel and organizations are adapted to the needs of residents. However, whether these adaptations have a preventive effect on elder abuse has not yet been explored. Objective: To describe the prevalence of observed emotional abuse, neglect, and physical abuse in Swiss nursing homes, to compare SCUs with non-SCUs concerning the frequency of observed emotional abuse, neglect, and physical abuse, and to explore how resident-related characteristics, staff outcomes/characteristics, and organizational/environmental factors relate to observed elder abuse. Methods: This is a secondary data analysis of the Swiss Nursing Homes Human Resources Project (SHURP), a cross-sectional multicenter study. Data were collected from 2012 to 2013 and are based on observed rather than perpetrated elder abuse. We performed multilevel mixed-effects logistic regressions taking into account the hierarchical structure of the data with personnel nested within units and facilities. Results: Of 4,599 care workers in 400 units and 156 facilities, 50.8% observed emotional abuse, 23.7% neglect, and 1.4% physical abuse. There was no significant difference between SCUs and non-SCUs regarding observed emotional abuse and neglect. Higher scores for ‘workload' and sexual aggression towards care workers were associated with higher rates of emotional abuse and neglect. Verbal and physical resident aggression, however, were only associated with higher rates of emotional abuse. Negative associations were found between ‘teamwork and resident safety climate' and both forms of abuse. Conclusion: Improving teamwork and the safety climate and reducing work stressors might be promising points of intervention to reduce elder abuse. More specific research about elder abuse in SCUs and the interaction between work climate and elder abuse is required.

Download Full-text