Campus Sexual Violence Resources and Emotional Health of College Women Who Have Experienced Sexual Assault

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marla E. Eisenberg ◽  
Katherine A. Lust ◽  
Peter J. Hannan ◽  
Carolyn Porta
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Emotional Health ◽  
Well Being ◽  
College Campuses ◽  
Panic Attacks ◽  
Student Survey ◽  
Supportive Environment ◽  
Resource Data

Institutional characteristics may help mitigate trauma associated with sexual assault. This study examines associations between resources on college campuses for sexual violence prevention and the emotional well-being of female students who have experienced sexual assault. There were 495 female college students who have experienced sexual assault who provided survey data in 2010–2011. Sexual violence resource data from 28 college campuses were combined with student survey data in multilevel analysis. Dependent variables include diagnosis with anxiety, depression, panic attacks, and PTSD, and models adjust for covariates and clustering of students within colleges. Participants attending colleges with more sexual violence resources had lower rates of mental health conditions than those attending colleges with fewer resources. Colleges are encouraged to expand their array of sexual violence resources to create a supportive environment for victims of sexual assault and to connect affected students with appropriate services.

Mandatory Reporting and Adolescent Sexual Assault

2021 ◽  
pp. 152483802110302
Author(s):  
Caroline Bailey ◽  
Jessica Shaw ◽  
Abril Harris
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Mandatory Reporting ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Long Term Consequences ◽  
The Impact

Adolescents experience alarmingly high rates of sexual violence, higher than any other age-group. This is concerning as sexual violence can have detrimental effects on teens’ personal and relational well-being, causing long-term consequences for the survivor. Still, adolescents are hesitant to report the assault or seek out services and resources. When an adolescent survivor does seek out services, they may interact with a provider who is a mandatory reporter. This scoping review sought to synthesize the current U.S.-based research on the role, challenges, and impact of mandatory reporting (MR) in the context of adolescent sexual assault. Database searches using key words related to MR, sexual assault, and adolescence identified 29 peer-reviewed articles. However, none of these articles reported on empirical investigations of the phenomenon of interest and instead consisted of case studies, commentaries, and position papers. The scoping review was expanded to provide a lay of the land of what we know about the intersection of adolescent sexual assault and MR. Results of the review indicate that though implemented broadly, MR policies vary between individuals, organizations, and states and have historically been challenging to implement due to this variation, conflicts with other laws, tension between these policies and providers’ values, and other factors. Based on the available literature, the impact of MR in the context of adolescent sexual assault is unknown. There is a critical need for research and evaluation on the implementation and impact of MR policies, especially in the context of adolescents and sexual violence.

Understanding the Complexities of Sexual Assault and Its Traumatic Effects

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Beste
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
College Students ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
College Campuses ◽  
Student Perspectives ◽  
Important Research ◽  
Sexual Culture ◽  
Sexual Assault Survivors ◽  
Hookup Culture

This chapter focuses on the particular injustice of sexual violence because it emerged as a dominant theme in students’ reflections on party and hookup culture. If we hope to create a just sexual culture in which all college students are respected and treated as ends-in-themselves, we first need to confront the reality of sexual violence on college campuses. Drawing both on student perspectives and important research studies, this chapter first examines why sexual violence is so prevalent on college campuses and then identifies risk factors that increase the likelihood of victimization and perpetration. Lastly, the author examines the traumatic effects of sexual violence on sexual assault survivors.

scholarly journals Moaning and Eye Contact: Men's Use of Ambiguous Signals in Attributions of Consent to their Sexual Partners

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Bedera
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Eye Contact ◽  
Sexual Partners ◽  
College Campuses ◽  
Social Cues ◽  
Sexual Consent ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Undergraduate Men ◽  
Affirmative Consent

In recent years, there has been increasing pressure on men to take a proactive role in preventing sexual violence. On college campuses, this pressure has been formalized into affirmative consent policies that require all students to actively seek consent from their sexual partners through unambiguous verbal or physical signals. This study uses data from 25 semi-structured interviews to explore how undergraduate men make sense of sexual consent after cultural and organizational pressure to be more proactive in preventing sexual assault. Participants answered questions about their recent sexual experiences and their attitudes toward campus sexual consent policies. Findings indicate that while participants understand and condone key elements of sexual consent, they do not consistently apply reliable strategies to ensure that their sexual interactions are consensual. Instead, they use ambiguous social cues that are common in both consensual and nonconsensual sexual interactions, which reinforce the cultural notion that consent is unclear.

scholarly journals Exploring Definitions and Prevalence of Verbal Sexual Coercion and Its Relationship to Consent to Unwanted Sex: Implications for Affirmative Consent Standards on College Campuses

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandie Pugh ◽  
Patricia Becker
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Sexual Coercion ◽  
Well Being ◽  
College Campuses ◽  
Sexual Scripts ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Unwanted Sex ◽  
Campus Sexual Assault ◽  
Affirmative Consent

Campus sexual assault is a pervasive issue impacting the well-being, quality of life, and education of all students. There have been many recent efforts to prevent and address campus sexual assault, most notably the adoption of affirmative consent standards. (1) Efforts to address sexual assault on college campuses through an affirmative consent standard could be undermined by traditional gender norms, sexual scripts, and the power dynamics inherent in heterosexual relations, which lead to situations in which many women provide consent to unwanted sex. (2) Studies indicate that college women are likely to experience verbal sexual coercion, yet research has failed to come to a consensus on how to define, operationalize, and study verbal sexual coercion. (3) Research on sexual consent is also lacking, in particular as it relates to consent to unwanted sex as a result of the presence of verbal sexual coercion. (4) This article discusses how multiple forms of unwanted sex can be conceptually examined. (5) Policy implications and areas for future research are discussed.

The Right to Bodily Integrity

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Brysk
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Transitional Justice ◽  
The United States ◽  
Bodily Integrity ◽  
Global Pattern ◽  
Popular Resistance ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Right

In Chapter 7, we profile the global pattern of sexual violence. We will consider conflict rape and transitional justice response in Peru and Colombia, along with the plight of women displaced by conflict from Syria and Central America, and limited international policy response. State-sponsored sexual violence and popular resistance to reclaim public space will be chronicled in Egypt as well as Mexico. We will track intensifying public sexual assault amid social crisis in Turkey, South Africa, and India, which has been met by a wide range of public protest, legal reform, and policy change. For a contrasting experience of the privatization of sexual assault in developed democracies, we will trace campus, workplace, and military rape in the United States.

Partisanship and Autocratization: Polarization, Power Asymmetry, and Partisan Social Identities in Turkey

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melis G. Laebens ◽  
Aykut Öztürk
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Political Action ◽  
Political Attitudes ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Identities ◽  
The Political ◽  
Power Asymmetry ◽  
Partisan Identity ◽  
Political Divide ◽  
Ruling Party

Although theories of partisanship were developed for the democratic context, partisanship can be important in electoral autocracies as well. We use survey data to analyze partisanship in an electoral autocracy, Turkey, and find that partisanship is pervasive, strong, and consequential. Using the Partisan Identity Scale to measure partisanship, we show that, like in democracies, partisanship strength is associated with political attitudes and action. Unlike in democracies, however, the ruling party’s superior ability to mobilize supporters through clientelistic linkages makes the association between partisanship and political action weaker for ruling party partisans. We find that partisan identities are tightly connected to the perception that other parties may threaten one’s well-being, and that such fears are widespread on both sides of the political divide. We interpret our findings in light of the autocratization process Turkey went through. Our contribution highlights the potential of integrating regime dynamics in studies of partisanship.

scholarly journals Adding “Student Voice” to the Mix: Perception Surveys and State Accountability Systems

AERA Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 233285842199072
Author(s):  
Jack Schneider ◽  
James Noonan ◽  
Rachel S. White ◽  
Douglas Gagnon ◽  
Ashley Carey
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Student Voice ◽  
School Quality ◽  
Student Perception ◽  
State Level ◽  
Student Survey ◽  
New School ◽  
State Accountability ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
School Ratings

For the past two decades, student perception surveys have become standard tools in data collection efforts. At the state level, however, “student voice” is still used sparingly. In this study, we examine the ways in which including student survey results might alter state accountability determinations. Reconstructing the accountability system in Massachusetts, we draw on a unique set of student survey data, which we add to the state’s formula at a maximally feasible dosage in order to determine new school ratings. As we find, student survey data shift school accountability ratings in small but meaningful ways and appear to enhance functional validity. Student survey results introduce information about school quality that is not captured by typical accountability metrics, correlate moderately with test score growth, and are not predicted by student demographic variables.

scholarly journals Within-treatment changes in a novel addiction treatment program using traditional Amazonian medicine

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 204512532098663
Author(s):  
David M. O’Shaughnessy ◽  
Ilana Berlowitz ◽  
Robin Rodd ◽  
Zoltán Sarnyai ◽  
Frances Quirk
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Addiction Treatment ◽  
Emotional Health ◽  
Neuropsychological Functioning ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Treatment Center ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Spiritual Well Being ◽  
Treatment Safety ◽  
Addiction Treatment Program

Aims: The therapeutic use of psychedelics is regaining scientific momentum, but similarly psychoactive ethnobotanical substances have a long history of medical (and other) uses in indigenous contexts. Here we aimed to evaluate patient outcomes in a residential addiction treatment center that employs a novel combination of Western and traditional Amazonian methods. Methods: The study was observational, with repeated measures applied throughout treatment. All tests were administered in the center, which is located in Tarapoto, Peru. Data were collected between 2014 and 2015, and the study sample consisted of 36 male inpatients who were motivated to seek treatment and who entered into treatment voluntarily. Around 58% of the sample was from South America, 28% from Europe, and the remaining 14% from North America. We primarily employed repeated measures on a psychological test battery administered throughout treatment, measuring perceived stress, craving frequency, mental illness symptoms, spiritual well-being, and physical and emotional health. Addiction severity was measured on intake, and neuropsychological performance was assessed in a subsample from intake to at least 2 months into treatment. Results: Statistically significant and clinically positive changes were found across all repeated measures. These changes appeared early in the treatment and were maintained over time. Significant improvements were also found for neuropsychological functioning. Conclusion: These results provide evidence for treatment safety in a highly novel addiction treatment setting, while also suggesting positive therapeutic effects.

scholarly journals A Preliminary Analysis of Hearing Loss and Its Association With Mild Cognitive Impairment

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 451-452
Author(s):  
Mary Caroline Yuk ◽  
Rebecca Allen ◽  
Marcia Hay-McCutcheon ◽  
Dana Carroll ◽  
Anne Halli-Tierney
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Emotional Health ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Hearing Screening ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Age Related

Abstract Age related hearing loss, or presbycusis, is a global condition that is increasing in its prevalence. Despite being one of the most common chronic conditions among the older population, there is much more to understand about its association with other aspects of physical and emotional health and well-being. Current research is suggesting that hearing loss is more prevalent in those with cognitive impairment compared to those without cognitive impairment. This study analyzed the incidence of hearing loss and its linkage to mild cognitive impairment in a community-dwelling geriatric population. With the increasing prevalence of this condition in both rural and urban communities of Alabama, it becomes a more pressing matter to understand comorbidities and risk factors for future decline in functioning. This study was conducted in an interdisciplinary geriatrics primary care outpatient clinic in a Family, Internal, and Rural Medicine department affiliated with a university medical center in the Deep South. Ninety-one participants completed the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and a hearing screening. Hearing screenings were conducted in quiet rooms in the medical center using Phonak hearing screening cards. Detection of 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz tones was assessed. Pearson correlation analyses demonstrated an association between hearing loss mild cognitive impairment. Poorer hearing was significantly associated with lower scores on the MoCA. Conducting behavioral health screenings like this in other primary geriatrics clinics and community settings could improve care and identification of patient needs by integrating important data regarding comorbidities and independent living.

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