scholarly journals Increasing Thai Catfish's Immunity (Pangasius hypophthalmus Fowler) Using Ascorbic Acid

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
, Ilmiah ◽  
D. Dana ◽  
F. H. Pasaribu ◽  
R. Affandi
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
Challenge Test ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
Phagocytic Index ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
High Level ◽  
Key Words Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Different Levels

<p>ABSTRACT</p><p>An experiment to determine Thai catfish's (Pangasius hypophthalmus Fowler) immunity was carried out using different levels of ascorbic acid (0, 1.000, 2.000 and 3.000 mg/kg feed).  Fish of 15-20 g in weight were kept in aquaria for 6 weeks with density of 15 fish/aquaria.  Feed was given at 5-10 % of total biomass with frequency of three times a day.  The blood sampling was taken every week and the challenge test with Aeromonas hydrophila (106cells/mm3) injection intramuscular was done on the 30th day.   The result of this experiment shown that feed with ascorbic acid of 2.000 mg/kg was elevated the cellular responses such as: leucocyte total (34.850 cels/mm3), differential of leucocyte (lymphocyte: 72,2%, monocyte: 8,0%, neutrophyl: 7,8%), phagocytic index (13%) and humoral response (titre antibody: 0.829 serum aglutination unit), which at the same time proves high level of survival rate against the artificial injection using A. hydrophila. Key words :  Ascorbic acid, fish immunity, Thai catfish, Pangasius hypophthalmus.   ABSTRAK Suatu penelitian telah dilakukan di laboratorium dengan menggunakan ikan jambal Siam (Pangasius hypophthalmus Fowler) untuk melihat tingkat kekebalan ikan dengan menambahkan vitamin C pada pakan (0, 1.000, 2.000 dan 3.000 mg/kg pakan).  Ikan jambal Siam ukuran 15-20 g dipelihara dalam aquarium selama 6 minggu dengan kepadatan 15 ekor/wadah.  Pemberian pakan dilakukan 3 kali sehari sebanyak 5-10% dari bobot biomasa, pengambilan contoh darah dilakukan setiap minggu dan uji tantang dilakukan pada hari ke-30 dengan bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila (106 sel/mm3) secara intramuskular.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan vitamin C sebanyak 2.000 mg/kg pakan menyebabkan meningkatnya respon seluler antara lain: total lekosit (34.850 sel/mm3), jenis lekosit (limfosit: 72,2%, monosit: 8,0%, netrofil: 7,7% dan trombosit: 17,6%) indeks fagositik 13% dan respon humoral (titer antibodi: 0,829 unit serum aglutinasi).  Kelangsungan hidup ikan jambal Siam dengan respon seluler demikian mencapai 100%. Kata kunci :  Vitamin C, imunitas ikan, ikan jambal Siam, Pangasius hypophthalmus.</p>

scholarly journals Studies on the Stability of Vitamin C at Elevated Concentrations in Canned Tropical Fruit Juices and Nectars

1969 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-336
Author(s):  
Abdul R. Rahman ◽  
J. Anziani ◽  
E. Díaz Negrón
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Fruit Juices ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tropical Fruit ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Different Levels

Studies were conducted to determine the stability of vitamin C at elevated concentrations in canned tropical fruit juices and nectars. Canned guava nectar, as well as juices of orange, tomato, and pineapple were fortified with ascorbic acid at seven different levels ranging from the original content present in the samples to about 300 mg. per 100 ml. Half of the samples were stored at room temperature and the other similar half at 100°F. for a period of 6 months. The results indicated that the losses of vitamin C were higher in the samples stored at 100°F. than in those stored at room temperature—regardless of the level of concentration. However, in the guava nectar the percentage of vitamin C destruction was relatively higher at lower concentrations and lower at higher concentrations at both temperatures. No such pattern could be observed in the juices. But the losses of vitamin C in the juices at all levels of concentration ranged below 30 percent at room temperature and below 40 percent at 100°F. This is relatively less than the losses that occurred in the guava nectar.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Formalin-killed Aeromonas hydrophila and Streptococcus sp. Vaccine in Red Tilapia

Our Nature ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 231-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Prasad ◽  
N. Areechon
Keyword(s):  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
Secondary Response ◽  
Separate Experiment ◽  
Post Challenge ◽  
Red Tilapia ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
High Level ◽  
Direct Immersion ◽  
Stimulation Of

Humoral response in red tilapia against formalin-killed Aeromonas hydrophila and Streptococ cus sp. vaccine administered by intraperitoneal injection was evaluated.The result indicated that A. hydrophila vaccine induced significantly differed (P<0.05) high mean peak antibody titers of 925.87±467.92 and 4983.47±1832.74 in both primary and secondary immune response, respectively. However specific antibody produced by red tilapia in response to administration of Streptococcus sp. vaccine revealed only weak secondary response of 101.33±45.38. In separate experiment, relative protection in red tilapia immunized with A. hydrophila and Streptococcus sp. vaccine was conducted. Immunization were done by direct immersion for 1 hr in vaccine suspension and then challenged 2 weeks after by immersing fingerlings for 6 hr with virulent A. hydrophila and Streptococcus sp.  Percent cumulative mortality in vaccinated and unvaccinated groups was compared after 14 days of post challenge. Red tilapia immunized by A. hydrophila vaccine demonstrated a particularly high level of immunity (76.67%) compared with unvaccinated (43.33%). Streptococcus sp. vaccine greatly reduced the mortality in vaccinated (31.67%) compared with unvaccinated fish (55%) but these differences in mortality were insignificant (P>0.05). Results from this study indicated the importance of vaccine for increasing disease resistance against A. hydrophila and Streptococcus sp infection by stimulation of specific humoral immunity.  However the most important factor must be the method of vaccine administration which should be effective and applicable to farm scale.DOI: 10.3126/on.v8i1.4333

Effects of the different levels of dietary vitamin C on growth and tissue ascorbic acid changes in parrot fish (Oplegnathus fasciatus)

Aquaculture ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 215 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 203-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojie Wang ◽  
Kang-Woong Kim ◽  
Sungchul C Bai ◽  
Min-Do Huh ◽  
Byong-Youl Cho
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Oplegnathus Fasciatus ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Parrot Fish

scholarly journals PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN VITAMIN C (Ascorbic Acid) PADA PAKAN KOMERSIAL TERHADAP KETAHANAN BENIH LELE DUMBO (Clarias sp. Burchell) TERHADAP INFEKSI BAKTERI Aeromonas hydrophila Stainer

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 203
Author(s):  
Taukhid Taukhid ◽  
Hambali Supriyadi ◽  
Nenden Dalis Asmaeni
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Optimum Amount ◽  
Commercial Diet ◽  
Maximum Resistance

Riset ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jumlah optimal penambahan vitamin C ke dalam pakan ikan lele dumbo yang dapat memberikan ketahanan tubuh maksimal terhadap infeksi bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila. Perlakuan yang diterapkan terdiri atas (A) pakan komersial tanpa penambahan vitamin C sebagai kontrol, (B) penambahan vitamin C sebanyak 250 mg/kg pakan, (C) penambahan vitamin C sebanyak 500 mg/kg pakan, (D) penambahan vitamin C sebanyak 750 mg/kg pakan, dan (E) penambahan vitamin C sebanyak 1.000 mg/kg pakan. Pakan diberikan selama 62 hari, dan pada hari ke-56 dilakukan uji tantang terhadap bakteri A. hydrophila konsentrasi 1,0 x 106 cfu/mL yang diberikan melalui penyuntikan intra muskular (IM) sebanyak 0,1 mL/ekor ikan uji. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap kadar titer antibodi spesifik, gejala klinis, dan sintasan setelah uji tantang serta kadar vitamin C dalam hati ikan. Hasil riset menunjukkan bahwa penambahan vitamin C pada pakan dapat meningkatkan ketahanan tubuh ikan uji terhadap infeksi bakteri A. hydrophila, dan nilai titer antibodi spesifik mengalami peningkatan yang mulai terlihat pada minggu ke-IV. Pada akhir pengamatan diperoleh sintasan ikan uji sebesar 68%, 78%, 92%, 96%, dan 92% masing-masing untuk kelompok kontrol, perlakuan B, perlakukan C, perlakuan D, dan perlakuan E. Berdasarkan analisis regresi dapat didekati bahwa jumlah optimal vitamin C untuk memperoleh level proteksi yang cukup tinggi dengan sintasan 98,86% adalah sebesar 893 mg/kg pakan.The experiment with the aim to know the amount of vitamin C added to commercial diet that could improved a maximum resistance of African catfish against Aeromonas hydrophila infection has been conducted. The treatments were (A) commercial diet without vitamin C as a control, (B) commercial diet with 250 mg/kg vitamin C, (C) 500 mg/kg, (D) 750 mg/kg, and (E) 1,000 mg/kg. The diet was given for 62 days, and at the 56th day the fish was challenged against A. hydrophila infection through intra muscular injection at the dose of 0.1 mL of 1.0 x 106 cfu bacterial suspensions. Specific antibody titer, clinical signs, survival rate, and vitamin C level on the liver of the fish were observed. The results indicated that addition of vitamin C to the diet was effective to increase the resistance of African catfish against A. hydrophila infection. Survival rates of fish test at the end of the experiment were 68%, 78%, 92%, 96%, and92% for the group of A, B, C, D, and E respectively. Based on regression analysis, the optimum amount of vitamin C add

OVARIAN ASCORBIC ACID DEPLETION TEST FOR LUTEINIZING HORMONE

1967 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 619-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Jacob Koed ◽  
Christian Hamburger
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Response Curve ◽  
Dose Response Curve ◽  
Human Origin ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Different Levels

ABSTRACT Comparison of the dose-response curves for LH of ovine origin (NIH-LH-S8) and of human origin (IRP-HMG-2) using the OAAD test showed a small, though statistically significant difference, the dose-response curve for LH of human origin being a little flatter. Two standard curves for ovine LH obtained with 14 months' interval, were parallel but at different levels of ovarian ascorbic acid. When the mean ascorbic acid depletions were calculated as percentages of the control levels, the two curves for NIH-LH-S8 were identical. The use of standards of human origin in the OAAD test for LH activity of human preparations is recommended.

Amperometric assay of vitamin C using an ascorbate oxidase enzyme electrode

1979 ◽  
Vol 44 (11) ◽  
pp. 3395-3404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Posádka ◽  
Lumír Macholán
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Oxygen Electrode ◽  
Ascorbate Oxidase ◽  
Current Response ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Oxidase Enzyme ◽  
Optimal Reaction

An oxygen electrode of the Clark type, coated by a thin, active layer of chemically insolubilized ascorbate oxidase from squash peelings specifically detects by measuring oxygen uptake 10 to 400 μg of ascorbic acid in 3 ml of phosphate buffer. The record of current response to substrate addition lasts 1-2 min. The ascorbic acid values determined in various samples of fruit juices are in good agreement with the data obtained by titration and polarography. The suitable composition of the membrane and its lifetime and stability during long-term storage are described; optimal reaction conditions of vitamin C determination and the possibilities of interference of other compounds are also examined. Of the 35 phenols, aromatic amines and acids tested chlorogenic acid only can cause a positive error provided that the enzyme membrane has been prepared from ascorbate oxidase of high purity.

scholarly journals Coupled complementation of immune response genes controlling responsiveness to the H-2.2 alloantigen.

1977 ◽  
Vol 146 (2) ◽  
pp. 571-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
M E Dorf ◽  
J H Stimpfling
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
Mixed Lymphocyte Culture ◽  
Lymphocyte Culture ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Gene Control ◽  
Low Responder ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
High Level

The ability of various B10 congenic resistant strains to respond to the alloantigen H-2.2 was tested. High and low antibody-producing strains were distinguished by their anti-H-2.2 hemagglutinating respones. However, these strains do not differ in their ability to respond to these antigenic differences in the mixed lymphocyte culture. The humoral response to the H-2.2 alloantigen was shown to be controlled by two interacting genes localized within the H-2 complex. Thus, F1 hybrids prepared between parental low responder strains could yield high level immune responses. In addition, strains bearing recombinant H-2 haplotypes were used to map the two distinct genes controlling the immune response. The alleles at each locus were shown to be highly polymorphic as evidenced by the asymmetric complementation patterns observed. The restricted interactions of specific alleles was termed coupled complementation. The significance of the results in the terms of mechanisms of Ir gene control are discussed.

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