THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF VITAMIN E ON THE REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF ZEBRAFISH (Danio rerio)

This experiment was conducted to determine the dietary Vitamin E requirement for reproduction of broodstock zebrafish Danio rerio. Four isonitrogenous (39% crude protein) and isocaloric (3,260 kcal digestible energy/kg diet) practical diets, namely diets A, B, C, and D with different levels of Vitamin E were fed to zebrafish broodstock. The broodstock were cultivated in aquaria. Diet A contained low dosage of Vitamin E (5 mg Vitamin E /kg diet), while diets B (62 mg Vitamin E /kg diet), C (125 mg Vitamin E /kg diet), and diet D (187 mg Vitamin E /kg diet), combined respectively with 1% n-3 fatty acids and 2% n-6 fatty acids. Fish were fed ad satiation for 60 days using these diets. During feeding period, gonad maturation stages were examined. The dietary with different level of Vitamin E affected egg size, chemical content, total number of larvae, normal larvae, and survival rate of larvae produced, fecundity, fertilization rate, and hatching rate. On the other hand, fish fed on experimental diets did not show any significance differences in the gonad somatic index, fecundity, fertilization rate, and hatching rate. Fish fed on diet D produced the highest fecundity (633.65 ± 71.86 eggs/grams of fish), fertilization rate (92.3 ± 7.7%), and hatching rate (80.31 ± 9.8%). The total lipid content of eggs were significant, ranging from D (39.7%), C (33.5%), B (32.1%), and A (29.5%). At a dosage of 1% of dietary n-3 fatty acids and 2% n-6 fatty acids, zebrafish require 187 mg Vitamin E/kg feed in the diet for reproduction. . Keywords: vitamin E, reproductive performance, Danio rerio ABSTRAK Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mengetahui kebutuhan Vitamin E pada pakan induk ikan zebra (Danio rerio) untuk reproduksi. Empat pakan perlakuan yang iso-protein (39%) dan iso-kalori (3.260 kcal digestible energy/kg pakan), dinamakan pakan A, B, C, dan pakan D dengan kandungan Vitamin E yang berbeda diberikan kepada induk ikan zebra. Induk ikan dipelihara pada akuarium. Pakan A mengandung Vitamin E terendah (5 mg Vitamin E/kg pakan), sedangkan pakan B mengandung Vitamin E 62 mg Vitamin E/kg pakan, pakan C asam mengandung Vitamin E 125 mg /kg pakan, dan pakan D mengandung Vitamin E 187 mg /kg pakan. Semua pakan perlakuan mempunyai kombinasi asam lemak n-3 berbanding n-6 sebesar 1:2. Ikan diberi pakan secara ad satiation selama 60 hari pemeliharaan. Selama masa pemberian pakan, tingkat kematangan gonad diperiksa secara teratur. Perbedaan kandungan vitamin E dalam pakan mempengaruhi fekunditas, derajat pembuahan telur, serta derajat penetasan telur. Pakan perlakuan tidak mempengaruhi nilai gonad somatik indeks dan kelangsungan hidup larva umur 3 hari. Pemberian pakan D menghasilkan fekunditas (633.65 ± 71.86 telur/gram induk), derajat pembuahan telur (92.3 ± 7.7%), serta derajat penetasan telur (80.31 ± 9,8%) terbaik. Total kandungan lemak pada telur berbeda nyata, yaitu pada pakan D (39.7%), C(33.5%), B(32.1%), dan pakan A(29.5%). Pada kandungan 1% asam lemak n-3 dan 2% asam lemak n-6, ikan zebra membutuhkan 187 mg Vitamin E/kg pakan untuk reproduksi yang normal. Kata kunci: Vitamin E, penampilan reproduksi, Danio rerio

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PENGARUH PERBEDAAN KANDUNGAN ASAM LEMAK N-3 DALAM PAKAN TERHADAP PENAMPILAN REPRODUKSI IKAN ZEBRA (Brachydanio rerio)

Jurnal Perikanan Universitas Gadjah Mada ◽

10.22146/jfs.168 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 87

Author(s):

Nur Bambang Priyo Utomo ◽

Ing Mokoginta ◽

Lia Nurmalia

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Total Lipid Content ◽

Fertilization Rate ◽

Hatching Rate ◽

Brachydanio Rerio ◽

Maturation Stages ◽

Somatic Index ◽

Different Levels ◽

Low Dosage

This experiment was conducted to determine the dietary n-3 fatty acid requirement for reproduction of broodstock zebrafish, Brachydanio rerio. Three isonitrogenous (39% crude protein) and isocaloric (3,260 kcal digestible energy/kg diet) practical diets, namely diets A, B, and C, with different levels of fatty acids were fed to zebrafish broodstock. The broodstock were cultivated in aquaria. Diet A contained low dosage of n-3 fatty acids (0.4%) and 2% n-6 fatty acids, while diets B and C contained 2% n-6 fatty acids, combined respectively with 1% and 1.5% n-3 fatty acids. Fish were fed ad satiation for 60 days using these diets. During feeding periode, gonade maturation stages were examined. The n-3 and n-6 fatty acids affected fecundity, fertilization rate, and hatching rate. On the other hand, fish fed on diets A, B, or C did not show any significance differences in the gonade somatic index and total Survival Rate (SR) of larvae produced. Fish fed on diet B produced the highest fecundity (616 eggs/g of fish), fertilization rate (94.6%), and hatching rate (93.8%). The total lipid content of eggs were significant, ranging from B (29.7%), C (23.7%), and A (16.1%). At a dosage of 2% n-6 fatty acids, zebrafish require 1% of dietary n-3 fatty acids in the diet for reproduction. Excess dosage of n-3 fatty acid in the diet adversely affected fecundity, fertilization rate, and hatching rate.

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Effect of Enriched Feed by n-3 fatty acids and 2% of n-6 fatty acid on Danio rerio Reproduction

Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia ◽

10.19027/jai.4.173-181 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 173

Author(s):

N.B.P Utomo ◽

L. Nurmalia ◽

I. Mokoginta

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Danio Rerio ◽

Reproductive Performance ◽

Essential Fatty Acids ◽

Gonadal Development ◽

Fertilization Rate ◽

Whole Body ◽

Hatching Rate ◽

Zebra Fish

This experiment was conducted to determine the optimum n-3 fatty acid level in the diet containing 2 % of n-6 fatty acid on the reproductive performance of zebra fish (Danio rerio). There experimental diets containing 0.0; 1.0; 1.5 % n-3 fatty acid with 2.0 % n-6 fatty acid was fed to the fish, three times daily, at satiation, for two months. In order to evaluate the gonadal development of the broodstock, two gonads og fish was used for histologis preparation in every 7 days. At the end of the second month, reproductive performance was evaluated through parameters of gonad somato indeks, fecundity, fertilization rate, hatching rate, yolk egg absorbtion rate, survival rate of 3 days old larvae. Sample of fish also was taken for proximate composition as the end of this experiment. Results shows that at the fifth weeks of this experiment, gonad of fish fed on 1.0 % of n-3 fatty acid and 2.0 % n-6 fatty acid already produce eggs with the some size, while others. Still produce small size of eggs. It was found also that the whole body of fish fed an diet with 1.0% n-3 fatty acid contain the highest protein level compare to two other diets. Based on the evaluation of reproduction performance parameters, it was concluded that the optimum dietary level of n-3 fatty acid with 2.0 % n-6 fatty acid for Danio rerio was 0.81 - 0.90 %. Keywords: essential fatty, acids, reproduction, zebra fish, Danio rerio ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kadar asam lemak n-3 optimum dalam pakan yang mempunyai kadar asam lemak n-6 tetap. Tiga macam pakan dengan kadar asam lemak n-3 berbeda yaitu 0.0; 1.0; dan 2.0 % diberikan pada ikan dengan bobot rata-rata 0.12 g. Pakan diberikan secara at satiation, 4 kali sehari selama 60 hari. Setiap 7 hari sekali diambil sampel ikan untuk pembentukan preparat histologi gonad dengan tujuan untuk mengevaluasi perkembangan gonad. Pada akhir penelitian, induk dipijahkan dan dievaluasi performan reproduksi berdasarkan parameter. Gonad Somato Indeks, fekunditas, derajat pembuahan, derajat penetasan dan kelangsungan hidup larva berumur 3 hari. Sampel tubuh ikan diakhir penelitian juga dievaluasi komposisi proksimatnya. Hasil penelitian ini memperlihatkan bahwa pada minggu ke-5 setelah pemberian pakan, gonad dari ikan yang diberi pakan asam lemak n-3 1.0 % mengandung telur-telur dengan ukuran yang seragam sedangkan ukuran telur ke dua perlakuan lainnya masih bervariasi. Kadar protein tertinggi juga terdapat pada tubuh ikan yang diberi pakan 1.0 % asam lemak n-3. Berdasarkan parameter performan reproduksi secara keseluruhan dapat disimpulkan bahwa kadar asam lemak n-3 optimum dalam pakan ikan zebra, Danio rerio adalah 0.81 - 0.90 %. Kata kunci: asam lemak, reproduksi, ikan zebra, Danio rerio

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Effect of Enriched Feed by Different n-6 Fatty Acids Levels at 0% of n-3 on Danio rerio Reproductive Performance

Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia ◽

10.19027/jai.5.51-56 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 51

Author(s):

N.B.P Utomo ◽

A. Rosmawati ◽

I. Mokoginta

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fish Species ◽

Danio Rerio ◽

Reproductive Performance ◽

Essential Fatty Acids ◽

Fertilization Rate ◽

The Body ◽

Two Factors ◽

The Stability ◽

Somatic Index

Lipid and fatty acids are two factors determining reproductive performance of fish and survival rate of hatched larvae. Lipid has important role as energy source and to maintain the stability of membrane permeability. The requirement of fatty acids differs among fish species. Freshwater fishes need more n-6 than n-3 fatty acids, or appropriate combination of them. In several fish species, feeding HUFA increase their fecundity, fertilization rate and eggs quality. In this study, zebra fish, Danio rerio were fed with diet containing 0% n-3 essential fatty acids and different n-6 level; 0, 1 and 2%. The result showed that there were no significant differences in gonado somatic index and several reproductive performances observed. However, 1% of n-6 fatty acids supplementation produced a higher protein and lipid content in the body by 16.85% and 55.10%, respectively. Keywords: fatty acid, n-3, n-6, Danio rerio, reproductive performance ABSTRAK Lemak dan asam lemak merupakan faktor yang sangat mempengaruhi performa reproduksi dan kelangsungan hidup larva yang menetas. Lemak berperan penting sebagai sumber energi dan menjaga kestabilan permeabilitas membran. Kebutuhan asam lemak berbeda untuk setiap jenis ikan. Ikan air tawar biasanya lebih banyak membutuhkan asam lemak n-6 daripada asam lemak n-3 atau campuran asam lemak n-6 dan n-3. Pada beberapa ikan , pemberian HUFA melalui pakan induk dapat meningkatkan fekunditas, derajat pembuahan dan kualitas telur. Pada penelitian ini ikan zebra diberi pakan mengandung asam lemak esensial dengan kadar n-3 tetap (0%) dan n-6 berbeda yaitu 0, 1 dan 2%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan nyata terhadap nilai Gonado Somatik Indeks serta beberapa parameter penampilan reproduksi lainnya pada ikan zebra, Danio rerio. Namun kadar asam lemak n-3 sebesar 0% dan n-6 sebesar 1% menghasilkan kadar protein dan kadar lemak tubuh tertinggi yang masing-masing mencapai 16,85% dan 55,10% Kata kunci: asam lemak, n-3, n-6, Danio rerio, performa reproduksi

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Enhancement of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) larval growth by dietary vitamin E in relation to two different levels of essential fatty acids

Aquaculture Research ◽

10.1111/j.1365-2109.2011.02989.x ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 43 (12) ◽

pp. 1816-1827 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

E. Atalah ◽

C. M. Hernández-Cruz ◽

R. Ganga ◽

E. Ganuza ◽

T. Benítez-Santana ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Vitamin E ◽

Sparus Aurata ◽

Essential Fatty Acids ◽

Larval Growth ◽

Dietary Vitamin ◽

Gilthead Seabream ◽

Different Levels

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Effect of Feeding Diet Containing Different Dose of Vitamin E with 1:2 of n-3/n-6 Fatty Acid Content on Reproductive Performance of Female Zebrafish Danio rerio

Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia ◽

10.19027/jai.5.31-39 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 31

Author(s):

N.B.P Utomo ◽

N. Nurjanah ◽

Mia Setiawati

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Vitamin E ◽

Danio Rerio ◽

Essential Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid Content ◽

The Body ◽

Hatching Rate ◽

Reproduction Performance ◽

Somatic Index

The role of essential fatty acids as a precursor of prostaglandin and as a component of cell membrane in the form of phospholipids, can affect cell fluidity. Vitamin E functions as fatty acid antioxidant in the body and affects egg quality. Vitamin E and essential fatty acids (n-3 and n-6) are required at the same time in a proper ratio to induce fish gonad maturation. Zebra fish Danio rerio broodstock in 29 days pre-saline were fed on diet containing 4 different vitamin E concentration; i.e. 325, 375, 425 and 475 mg/kg diet with constant n-3 and n-6 fatty acid doses of 1% and 2%, respectively, for 6 weeks. Reproduction performance in terms of fecundity was improved (p<0.05), whilst gonado somatic index, gonado somatic index saline, fertilization rate, hatching rate, survival rate, yolk absorption rate and daily growth rate were insignificantly different. Keywords: vitamin E, fatty acid, reproduction performance, Danio rerio <h1> </h1> <h1>ABSTRAK</h1> Asam lemak esensial berperan sebagai prekursor prostaglandin dan sebagai fosfolipid pada membran sel yang dapat mempengaruhi fluiditasnya. Sedangkan vitamin E berperan sebagai antioksidan asam lemak dalam tubuh sehingga berpengaruh terhadap kualitas telur yang dihasilkan. Vitamin E dan asam lemak essensial (n-3 dan n-6) dibutuhkan secara bersamaan dengan kombinasi perbandingan yang tepat untuk pematangan gonad ikan. Induk ikan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah ikan zebra Danio rerio yang berumur 29 hari pra salin dan dipelihara selama 6 minggu dengan pakan mengandung kadar vitamin E yang berbeda yaitu 325, 375, 425, dan 475 mg/kg pakan pada kadar asam lemak n-3 (1%) dan n-6 (2 %) tetap. Penampilan reproduksi pra salin ikan tersebut hanya berpengaruh nyata terhadap fekunditas namun tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap gonado somatik indek, gonado somatik indek salin, derajat pembuahan telur, derajat tetas telur, kelangsungan hidup larva, laju penyerapan kuning telur dan laju pertumbuhan harian. Kata kunci: Vitamin E, asam lemak, penampilan reproduksi, Danio rerio

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The effects of altering dietary fatty acid and vitamin E content on the chemical, physical and organoleptic quality of pig meat and fat

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1752756200592321 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 1996 ◽

pp. 30-30

Author(s):

C.O. Leskanich ◽

K.R. Matthews ◽

C.C. Warkup ◽

R.C. Noble

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid Composition ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Vitamin E ◽

Human Health ◽

Acid Composition ◽

Oxidative Degradation ◽

Meat Products ◽

Dietary Vitamin ◽

Affecting Factors

The tissues of animals for food use have come to be associated with a predominance of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids, the result of which has been to contribute to the perceived human dietary imbalance of fatty acids. The fact that porcine tissues assume a fatty acid composition similar to that of the respective diet has enabled the composition to be altered with respect to human dietary needs (Morgan et al, 1992). The fatty acid compositions of rapeseed and fish oils are characterised by a number of factors of relevance to human health recommendations (BNF, 1992). Thus, rapeseed oil contains a low content of saturates, a moderate content of linoleic acid and a high content of Î±-linolenic acid whilst fish oil contains high levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Although benefiting the nutritional value of meat/fat, the feeding of increased levels of highly polyunsaturated fatty acids has the potential, in theory at least, of adversely affecting organoleptic and various physical properties. Such adverse effects could be manifested during and/or after the preparation and cooking of the meat or meat products at which times the oxidative degradation of fatty acids is maximised. The inclusion of dietary vitamin E has a range of beneficial effects on meat quality principally due to its antioxidant effects. The present experiment was an attempt to optimise the fatty acid composition of pork and pork products for human health purposes whilst not adversely affecting factors controlling consumer acceptability.

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Effect of supplementation with Yerba Mate (Ilex paraguariensis) and vitamin E on milk lipoperoxidation in cows receiving diets containing ground soybean seeds

Journal of Dairy Research ◽

10.1017/s0022029919000529 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 86 (3) ◽

pp. 279-282

Author(s):

Fabio Seiji Santos ◽

Lucia Maria Zeoula ◽

Luciano Soares De Lima ◽

Francilaine Eloise De Marchi ◽

Luís Carlos Vinhas Ítavo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Vitamin E ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Control Diet ◽

Latin Square ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Dietary Vitamin ◽

Ilex Paraguariensis ◽

Soybean Seeds ◽

Yerba Mate

AbstractThis research communication addresses the hypothesis that the association of dietary vitamin E and Yerba Mate could help to prevent or decrease oxidation of milk enriched in unsaturated fatty acids (UFA). Four multiparous lactating Holstein cows were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square. Treatments were: (1) control diet with no Yerba Mate or vitamin E; (2) diet containing 375 IU/kg vitamin E; (3) diet containing 30 g/kg Yerba Mate; and (4) diet containing 375 IU/kg vitamin E and 30 g/kg Yerba Mate. To increase unsaturated fatty acids in milk, cows were fed 172 g/kg soybean seeds (on a dry matter basis). There was no interaction between vitamin E and Yerba Mate supplementation for milk antioxidant-related (polyphenols, reducing power, conjugated dienes, and TBARS) analyses. Milk reducing power was increased when cows were supplemented with Yerba Mate. Our results suggest that the association of dietary vitamin E and Yerba Mate does not help to prevent or decrease oxidation of milk in UFA.

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Influence of dietary vitamin e and copper on fatty acid profile and cholesterol content of raw and cooked broiler meat

Czech Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.17221/4282-cjas ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 49 (No. 2) ◽

pp. 71-79 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

V. Skřivanová ◽

M. Skřivan ◽

E. Tůmová ◽

S. Ševčíková

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Vitamin E ◽

Fatty Acid Profile ◽

Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Cholesterol Content ◽

Dietary Vitamin ◽

Oleic Acid Content ◽

Broiler Meat ◽

Meat Cooking

We examined the influence of a diet containing 4% of rapeseed oil, 35 mg or 126 mg copper and supplement of 100 mg vitamin E per 1 kg on fatty acid profile and cholesterol content in raw and cooked broiler leg meat. Copper was added to feed mixtures as CuSO4.5H2O. The fatty acid profile and cholesterol content were also determined in raw, stewed and roasted meat of broilers receiving the same diet but with a supplement of 20 mg vitamin E. The results showed that 126 and 35 mg Cu/kg significantly increased oleic acid content. Monounsaturated fatty acids accounted for 51% and 52% of all fatty acids. The relatively low copper concentration of 35 mg/kg feed with a major portion of soybean, wheat and maize and vitamin E supplementation of 100 mg/kg reduced (P < 0.01) EPA by 17%, DPA by 16% and DHA by 11 and 15% (P < 0.05). All tested copper doses reduced cholesterol: 126 mg Cu by 22%, 35 mg by 6% and 126 mg in combination with 35 mg copper in relation to broiler age by 7% (P < 0.05); none of the cooking procedures influenced cholesterol. Meat cooking in experiment 1 did not influence the content of any fatty acid. Copper × cooking interactions were insignificant for all fatty acids and cholesterol. In experiment 2 more changes in the numerical values of fatty acids were caused by stewing compared to roasting. Among the valuable fatty acids n-3 long chain acids were influenced by both cooking procedures to the largest extent. Docosahexaenoic acid was reduced to about 60% of the original value (P < 0.05). On the other hand, a decrease in myristic acid by 14% in stewed meat and 12% in roasted meat (P < 0.05) was positive.

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