scholarly journals Effect of Enriched Feed by n-3 fatty acids and 2% of n-6 fatty acid on Danio rerio Reproduction

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
N.B.P Utomo ◽  
L. Nurmalia ◽  
I. Mokoginta
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Gonadal Development ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Hatching Rate ◽  
Zebra Fish

<p>This experiment was conducted to determine the optimum n-3 fatty acid level in the diet containing 2 % of n-6 fatty acid on the reproductive performance of zebra fish (<em>Danio rerio</em>). There experimental diets containing 0.0; 1.0; 1.5 % n-3 fatty acid with 2.0 % n-6 fatty acid was fed to the fish, three times daily, at satiation, for two months. In order to evaluate the gonadal development of the broodstock, two gonads og fish was used for histologis preparation in every 7 days. At the end of the second month, reproductive performance was evaluated through parameters of gonad somato indeks, fecundity, fertilization rate, hatching rate, yolk egg absorbtion rate, survival rate of 3 days old larvae. Sample of fish also was taken for proximate composition as the end of this experiment. Results shows that at the fifth weeks of this experiment, gonad of fish fed on 1.0 % of n-3 fatty acid and 2.0 % n-6 fatty acid already produce eggs with the some size, while others. Still produce small size of eggs. It was found also that the whole body of fish fed an diet with 1.0% n-3 fatty acid contain the highest protein level compare to two other diets. Based on the evaluation of reproduction performance parameters, it was concluded that the optimum dietary level of n-3 fatty acid with 2.0 % n-6 fatty acid for <em>Danio rerio</em> was 0.81 - 0.90 %.</p> <p><em>Keywords</em>: essential fatty, acids, reproduction, zebra fish, <em>Danio rerio</em></p> <p> </p> <p>ABSTRAK</p> <p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kadar asam lemak n-3 optimum dalam pakan yang mempunyai kadar asam lemak n-6 tetap. Tiga macam pakan dengan kadar asam lemak n-3 berbeda yaitu 0.0; 1.0; dan 2.0 % diberikan pada ikan dengan bobot rata-rata 0.12 g. Pakan diberikan secara at satiation, 4 kali sehari selama 60 hari. Setiap 7 hari sekali diambil sampel ikan untuk pembentukan preparat histologi gonad dengan tujuan untuk mengevaluasi perkembangan gonad. Pada akhir penelitian, induk dipijahkan dan dievaluasi performan reproduksi berdasarkan parameter. Gonad Somato Indeks, fekunditas, derajat pembuahan, derajat penetasan dan kelangsungan hidup larva berumur 3 hari. Sampel tubuh ikan diakhir penelitian juga dievaluasi komposisi proksimatnya. Hasil penelitian ini memperlihatkan bahwa pada minggu ke-5 setelah pemberian pakan, gonad dari ikan yang diberi pakan asam lemak n-3 1.0 % mengandung telur-telur dengan ukuran yang seragam sedangkan ukuran telur ke dua perlakuan lainnya masih bervariasi. Kadar protein tertinggi juga terdapat pada tubuh ikan yang diberi pakan 1.0 % asam lemak n-3. Berdasarkan parameter performan reproduksi secara keseluruhan dapat disimpulkan bahwa kadar asam lemak n-3 optimum dalam pakan ikan zebra, <em>Danio rerio</em> adalah 0.81 - 0.90 %.</p> <p>Kata kunci: asam lemak, reproduksi, ikan zebra, <em>Danio  rerio</em></p>

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF VITAMIN E ON THE REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF ZEBRAFISH (Danio rerio)

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
N.B.P Utomo ◽  
M. Zairin Junior ◽  
T.L. Yusuf ◽  
I. Mokoginta ◽  
M. Bintang
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Total Lipid Content ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Hatching Rate ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Different Levels

<p>This experiment was conducted to determine the dietary Vitamin E requirement for reproduction of broodstock zebrafish Danio rerio.  Four isonitrogenous (39% crude protein) and isocaloric (3,260 kcal digestible energy/kg diet) practical diets, namely diets A, B, C, and D with different levels of Vitamin E were fed to zebrafish broodstock.  The broodstock were cultivated in aquaria.  Diet A contained low dosage of Vitamin E (5 mg Vitamin E /kg diet), while diets B (62 mg Vitamin E /kg diet), C (125 mg Vitamin E /kg diet), and diet D (187 mg Vitamin E /kg diet), combined respectively with 1% n-3 fatty acids and 2% n-6 fatty acids.  Fish were fed ad satiation for 60 days using these diets.  During feeding period, gonad maturation stages were examined.  The dietary with different level of Vitamin E affected egg size, chemical content, total number of larvae, normal larvae, and survival rate of larvae produced, fecundity, fertilization rate, and hatching rate.  On the other hand, fish fed on experimental diets did not show any significance differences in the gonad somatic index, fecundity, fertilization rate, and hatching rate.  Fish fed on diet D produced the highest fecundity (633.65 ± 71.86 eggs/grams of fish), fertilization rate (92.3 ± 7.7%), and hatching rate (80.31 ± 9.8%).  The total lipid content of eggs were significant, ranging from D (39.7%), C (33.5%), B (32.1%), and A (29.5%).  At a dosage of 1% of dietary n-3 fatty acids and 2% n-6 fatty acids, zebrafish require 187 mg Vitamin E/kg feed in the diet for reproduction.  .</p> <p>Keywords:  vitamin E, reproductive performance, Danio rerio</p> <p> </p> <p>ABSTRAK</p> <p>Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mengetahui kebutuhan Vitamin E pada pakan induk ikan zebra (Danio rerio) untuk reproduksi.  Empat pakan perlakuan yang iso-protein (39%) dan iso-kalori (3.260 kcal digestible energy/kg pakan), dinamakan pakan A, B, C, dan pakan D dengan kandungan Vitamin E yang berbeda diberikan kepada induk ikan zebra.  Induk ikan dipelihara pada akuarium.  Pakan A mengandung Vitamin E terendah (5 mg Vitamin E/kg pakan), sedangkan pakan B mengandung Vitamin E 62 mg Vitamin E/kg pakan, pakan C asam mengandung Vitamin E 125 mg /kg pakan, dan pakan D mengandung Vitamin E 187 mg /kg pakan.  Semua pakan perlakuan mempunyai kombinasi asam lemak n-3 berbanding n-6 sebesar 1:2.  Ikan diberi pakan secara ad satiation selama 60 hari pemeliharaan.  Selama masa pemberian pakan, tingkat kematangan gonad diperiksa secara teratur.  Perbedaan kandungan vitamin E dalam pakan mempengaruhi fekunditas, derajat pembuahan telur, serta derajat penetasan telur.  Pakan perlakuan tidak mempengaruhi nilai gonad somatik indeks dan kelangsungan hidup larva umur 3 hari.  Pemberian pakan D menghasilkan fekunditas (633.65 ± 71.86  telur/gram induk), derajat pembuahan telur (92.3 ± 7.7%), serta derajat penetasan telur (80.31 ± 9,8%) terbaik.  Total kandungan lemak pada telur berbeda nyata, yaitu pada pakan D (39.7%), C(33.5%), B(32.1%), dan pakan A(29.5%).  Pada kandungan 1% asam lemak n-3 dan 2% asam lemak n-6, ikan zebra membutuhkan 187 mg Vitamin E/kg pakan untuk reproduksi yang normal. </p> <p>Kata kunci:  Vitamin E, penampilan reproduksi, Danio rerio</p>

scholarly journals Effect of Enriched Feed by Different n-6 Fatty Acids Levels at 0% of n-3 on Danio rerio Reproductive Performance

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
N.B.P Utomo ◽  
A. Rosmawati ◽  
I. Mokoginta
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
The Body ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Somatic Index

<p>Lipid and fatty acids are two factors determining reproductive performance of fish and survival rate of hatched larvae. Lipid has important role as energy source and to maintain the stability of membrane permeability.  The requirement of fatty acids differs among fish species.  Freshwater fishes need more n-6 than n-3 fatty acids, or appropriate combination of them.  In several fish species, feeding HUFA increase their fecundity, fertilization rate and eggs quality.  In this study, zebra fish, <em>Danio rerio</em> were fed with diet containing 0% n-3 essential fatty acids and different n-6 level; 0, 1 and 2%.  The result showed that there were no significant differences in gonado somatic index and several reproductive performances observed.  However, 1% of n-6 fatty acids supplementation produced a higher protein and lipid content in the body by 16.85% and 55.10%, respectively.</p> <p>Keywords: fatty acid, n-3, n-6, <em>Danio rerio</em>, reproductive performance</p> <p> </p> <p>ABSTRAK</p> <p>Lemak dan asam lemak merupakan faktor yang sangat mempengaruhi performa reproduksi dan kelangsungan hidup larva yang menetas. Lemak berperan penting sebagai sumber energi dan menjaga kestabilan permeabilitas membran. Kebutuhan asam lemak berbeda untuk setiap jenis ikan.  Ikan air tawar biasanya lebih banyak membutuhkan asam lemak <em>n</em>-6 daripada asam lemak <em>n</em>-3 atau campuran asam lemak <em>n</em>-6 dan <em>n</em>-3. Pada beberapa ikan , pemberian HUFA melalui pakan induk dapat meningkatkan fekunditas, derajat pembuahan dan kualitas telur.  Pada penelitian ini ikan zebra diberi pakan mengandung asam lemak esensial dengan kadar <em>n</em>-3 tetap (0%) dan <em>n</em>-6 berbeda yaitu 0, 1 dan 2%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan nyata terhadap nilai Gonado Somatik Indeks serta beberapa parameter penampilan reproduksi lainnya pada ikan zebra, <em>Danio rerio</em>. Namun kadar asam lemak <em>n</em>-3 sebesar 0% dan <em>n</em>-6 sebesar 1% menghasilkan kadar protein dan kadar lemak tubuh tertinggi yang masing-masing mencapai 16,85% dan 55,10%</p> <p>Kata kunci: asam lemak,  <em>n</em>-3, <em>n</em>-6, <em>Danio rerio</em>, performa reproduksi</p>

scholarly journals Effect of Feeding Diet Containing Different Dose of Vitamin E with 1:2 of n-3/n-6 Fatty Acid Content on Reproductive Performance of Female Zebrafish Danio rerio

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
N.B.P Utomo ◽  
N. Nurjanah ◽  
Mia Setiawati
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hatching Rate ◽  
Reproduction Performance ◽  
Somatic Index

<p>The role of essential fatty acids  as a precursor of prostaglandin and as a component of cell membrane in the form of phospholipids, can affect cell fluidity. Vitamin E functions as  fatty acid antioxidant in the body and affects egg quality.  Vitamin E and essential fatty acids (<em>n</em>-3 and <em>n</em>-6) are required at the same time in a proper  ratio to induce fish gonad maturation.  Zebra fish <em>Danio rerio</em> broodstock in 29 days pre-saline were fed on diet containing 4 different vitamin E concentration; i.e. 325, 375, 425 and 475 mg/kg diet with constant n-3 and n-6 fatty acid doses of 1% and 2%, respectively, for 6 weeks.  Reproduction performance in terms of fecundity was improved (p<0.05), whilst gonado somatic index, gonado somatic index saline, fertilization rate, hatching rate, survival rate, yolk absorption rate and daily growth rate were insignificantly different.</p> <p>Keywords: vitamin E, fatty acid, reproduction performance, <em>Danio rerio</em></p> <h1> </h1> <h1>ABSTRAK</h1> <p>Asam lemak esensial berperan sebagai prekursor prostaglandin dan sebagai fosfolipid pada membran sel yang dapat mempengaruhi fluiditasnya. Sedangkan vitamin E berperan  sebagai antioksidan asam lemak dalam tubuh sehingga berpengaruh terhadap kualitas telur yang dihasilkan. Vitamin E dan asam lemak  essensial (n-3 dan n-6) dibutuhkan secara bersamaan dengan kombinasi perbandingan yang tepat untuk pematangan gonad ikan. Induk ikan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah ikan zebra<em> Danio rerio</em> yang berumur 29 hari pra salin dan dipelihara selama 6 minggu dengan pakan mengandung kadar vitamin E yang berbeda yaitu 325, 375, 425, dan 475 mg/kg pakan pada kadar asam lemak n-3 (1%) dan n-6 (2 %) tetap. Penampilan reproduksi pra salin ikan tersebut hanya berpengaruh nyata terhadap fekunditas namun tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap gonado somatik indek, gonado somatik indek salin, derajat pembuahan telur, derajat tetas telur, kelangsungan hidup larva, laju penyerapan kuning telur dan laju pertumbuhan harian.</p> <p>Kata kunci: Vitamin E, asam lemak, penampilan reproduksi, <em>Danio rerio</em></p>

scholarly journals PENGARUH PERBEDAAN KANDUNGAN ASAM LEMAK N-3 DALAM PAKAN TERHADAP PENAMPILAN REPRODUKSI IKAN ZEBRA (Brachydanio rerio)

2006 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Nur Bambang Priyo Utomo ◽  
Ing Mokoginta ◽  
Lia Nurmalia
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Total Lipid Content ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
Hatching Rate ◽  
Brachydanio Rerio ◽  
Maturation Stages ◽  
Somatic Index ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Low Dosage

This experiment was conducted to determine the dietary n-3 fatty acid requirement for reproduction of broodstock zebrafish, Brachydanio rerio. Three isonitrogenous (39% crude protein) and isocaloric (3,260 kcal digestible energy/kg diet) practical diets, namely diets A, B, and C, with different levels of fatty acids were fed to zebrafish broodstock. The broodstock were cultivated in aquaria. Diet A contained low dosage of n-3 fatty acids (0.4%) and 2% n-6 fatty acids, while diets B and C contained 2% n-6 fatty acids, combined respectively with 1% and 1.5% n-3 fatty acids. Fish were fed ad satiation for 60 days using these diets. During feeding periode, gonade maturation stages were examined. The n-3 and n-6 fatty acids affected fecundity, fertilization rate, and hatching rate. On the other hand, fish fed on diets A, B, or C did not show any significance differences in the gonade somatic index and total Survival Rate (SR) of larvae produced. Fish fed on diet B produced the highest fecundity (616 eggs/g of fish), fertilization rate (94.6%), and hatching rate (93.8%). The total lipid content of eggs were significant, ranging from B (29.7%), C (23.7%), and A (16.1%). At a dosage of 2% n-6 fatty acids, zebrafish require 1% of dietary n-3 fatty acids in the diet for reproduction. Excess dosage of n-3 fatty acid in the diet adversely affected fecundity, fertilization rate, and hatching rate.

scholarly journals Requirement of n-6 and n-3 Fatty Acid in Broodstock Diets on Reproductive Performance of Green catfish, Hemibagrus nemurus Blkr.

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adharto Utiah ◽  
M. Zairin Junior ◽  
I. Mokoginta ◽  
R. Affandi ◽  
K. Sumantadinata
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Hatching Rate ◽  
Dietary Level ◽  
Acid Diet ◽  
Reproduction Performance ◽  
Egg Diameter

<p>This experiment was conducted to determine the optimum dietary level of n-6 and n-3 fatty acids on reproduction performance of green catfish. Four experimental diets with different level of n-6 and n-3 fatty acid (diet A: 0.77% n-6 fatty acid, 0.07% n-3 fatty acid; diet B: 1.56%,0.10 %; diet C: 1.74%, 0.13 % and diet D: 2%, 0.28%) were used in this experiment during seven month. Diets given twice every day in the morning and evening. The 28 broodstock used in this research with density every waring seven broodstock. Samples of eggs were analyzed for fatty acid composition. The diameter of eggs, fecundity, hatching rate of the eggs, survival rate and percentage of abnormal larvae were determined. Results showed that different dietary level of n-6 and n-3 fatty acids of the broodstock significantly affect the reproductive performance especially fecundity and hatching rate of eggs. The maximum fecundity, egg diameter, and hatching rate were produced broodstock fed on 1.56% n-6 fatty acid and 0.10 % n-3 fatty acid in diet by at the level of 12.29% lipid.</p> <p>Keywords : n-6 and n-3 fatty acids, reproduction performance, green catfish, <em>Hemibagrus nemurus</em>.</p> <p> </p> <p>Abstrak</p> <p>Penelitian ini dilakukan pada berbagai level asam lemak n-6 dan n-3 dalam pakan untuk melihat pengaruhnya terhadap penampilan reproduksi dari ikan baung. Penelitian dilaksanakan selama 7 bulan.  Empat jenis pakan  digunakan dalam percobaan ini dengan perbedaan kandungan asam lemak n-6 dan n-3 (pakan A: 0,77% asam lemak n-6, 0,56% asam lemak n-3; pakan B: 1,56%, 0,78%; pakan C: 1,74%, 1,00% and pakan D: 2,03%, 1,82%). Dalam penelitian ini 28 ekor induk digunakan dan ditebarkan kedalam waring dengan kepadatan 7 ekor tiap waring. Pakan diberikan pagi dan sore hari secara <em>at satiation</em>.  Sampel telur dan larva dianalisa komposisi asam lemak. Penampilan reproduksi yang diamati adalah diameter telur, fekunditas, derajat penetasan telur, derajat kelangsungan hidup larva dan persentase larva abnormal. Hasil penilitian menunjukan bahwa perbedaan kandungan asam lemak n-6 dan n-3 dalam pakan berpengaruh pada komposisi asam lemak n-6 dan n-3 telur dan juga memberikan pengaruh yang berbeda nyata terhadap penampilan reproduksinya khusus pada fekunditas dan derajat penetasan telur. Lama waktu matang yang dicapai oleh tiap induk relatif sama antar perlakuan.  Fekunditas, diameter telur, derajat penetasan telur dan derajat kelangsungan hidup larva tertinggi diperoleh pada induk yang memperoleh pakan yang mengandung 1,56% asam lemak n-6 dan 0,78% asam lemak n-3.</p> <p>Kata kunci:  Asam lemak n-6 and n-3, penampilan reproduksi, ikan baung, <em>Hemibagrus nemurus.</em></p>

Chlorella vulgaris as a Source of Essential Fatty Acids and Micronutrients: A Brief Commentary

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hércules Rezende Freitas
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Lipid Content ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Algae Biomass ◽  
Dietary Consumption ◽  
Acid Consumption

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) comprise about 35-40% of the total lipid content from green algaeChlorella, reaching up to 24% linoleic acid and 27% α-linolenic acid inC. vulgaris. Also, microalgae nutrient composition may be modulated by changes in the culture medium, increasing fatty acid and microelement concentrations in the algae biomass. PUFAs, such as α-linolenic (n-3) and linoleic (n-6) acids, as well as its derivatives, are considered essential for dietary consumption, and their ability to regulate body chemistry has been recently explored in depth. A balanced fatty acid consumption is shown to counteract the negative effects of western diets, such as chronic inflammation and glucose intolerance. In this brief commentary, technological and practical uses ofC. vulgarisare explored as means to improve dietary quality and, ultimately, human health.

Meal composition affects postprandial fatty acid oxidation

1993 ◽  
Vol 264 (6) ◽  
pp. R1065-R1070 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Surina ◽  
W. Langhans ◽  
R. Pauli ◽  
C. Wenk
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Oxidation ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Plasma Ffa ◽  
Hepatic Fatty Acid Oxidation ◽  
Beta Hydroxybutyrate ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

The influence of macronutrient content of a meal on postprandial fatty acid oxidation was investigated in 13 Caucasian males after consumption of a high-fat (HF) breakfast (33% carbohydrate, 52% fat, 15% protein) and after an equicaloric high-carbohydrate (HC) breakfast (78% carbohydrate, 6% fat, 15% protein). The HF breakfast contained short- and medium-chain fatty acids, as well as long-chain fatty acids. Respiratory quotient (RQ) and plasma beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) were measured during the 3 h after the meal as indicators of whole body substrate oxidation and hepatic fatty acid oxidation, respectively. Plasma levels of free fatty acids (FFA), triglycerides, glucose, insulin, and lactate were also determined because of their relationship to nutrient utilization. RQ was significantly lower and plasma BHB was higher after the HF breakfast than after the HC breakfast, implying that more fat is burned in general and specifically in the liver after an HF meal. As expected, plasma FFA and triglycerides were higher after the HF meal, and insulin and lactate were higher after the HC meal. In sum, oxidation of ingested fat occurred in response to a single HF meal.

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