Potential of Chromolaena odorata Leaf as A Cure of Aeromonas hydrophila on Giant Gouramy (Osphronemus gouramy)

This study was conducted to examine the potency of Chromolaena odorata leaf extract as a medicine for skin eruption disease caused by Aeromonas hydrophila in giant gouramy Osphronemus gouramy. Leaf extract of Chromolaena odorata for in vitro test was 0 (as control), 13000, 15000, 17000, 19000 and 21000 ppm, poured onto TSA medium containing bacteria 103 cfu/ml, and then is incubated for 24 hours. In vivo test was performed by injecting bacteria 0.1 ml of 109 cfu/ml intramuscularly into giant gouramy (14 g weight), and then fish were maintained in the water containing 15000 ppm of Chromolaena odorata leaf extract. In vitro study showed that prevention area of leaf extract against Aeromonas hydrophila was increase by increasing the concentration of leaf extract used, reached 9,33 mm. Prevention zone of leaf extract by difusion tends to constant, reached 7,6 mm. By in vivo test, survival rate of giant gouramy infected by Aeromonas hydrophila was no significantly different between dosages of leaf extract. All treated fish, excluded control died after 24 hours infection. Keywords: Aeromonas hydrophila, Osphronemus gouramy, Chromolaena odorata ABSTRAK Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui potensi daun kirinyuh Chromolaena odorata sebagai obat untuk penyakit cacar yang diakibatkan oleh Aeromonas hydrophila pada ikan gurame Osphronemus gouramy. Konsentrasi ekstrak daun Chromolaena odorata untuk uji in vitro adalah 13000, 15000, 17000, 19000 dan 21000 serta 0 ppm sebagai kontrol, yang diletakkan di atas media TSA yang telah mengandung biakan bakteri 103 cfu/ml dan diinkubasi selama 24 jam. Uji in vivo dilakukan dengan menginjeksikan bakteri sebanyak 0,1 ml (109 cfu/ml) secara intramuskular ke ikan gurame (berat 14 g) dan kemudian ikan dipelihara dalam air yang mengandung ekstrak daun kirinyuh 15000 ppm. Hasil uji in virto menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi konsentrasi ekstrak daun kirinyuh basah semakin efektif dalam menghambat perkembangan A. hydrophila dengan zona hambat tertinggi mencapai 9,33 mm. Zona hambat yang dihasilkan melalui metode difusi cenderung konstan, mencapai 7,6 mm. Melalui uji in vivo, tingkat kelangsungan hidup ikan gurame yang tidak berbeda nyata pada masing-masing perlakuan, bahkan terjadi kematian total dalam 24 jam pada semua perlakuan, kecuali kontrol. Kata kunci: Aeromonas hydrophila, Osphronemus gouramy, Chromolaena odorata

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EFEKTIVITAS SENYAWA NONATSIRI DARI Curcuma spp. TERHADAP PENEKANAN PENYAKIT ANTRAKNOSA PADA BUAH CABAI

Buletin Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat ◽

10.21082/bullittro.v31n1.2020.21-30 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 21

Author(s):

Anella Retna Kumala Sari ◽

Firdaus Auliya Rahmah ◽

Syamsuddin Djauhari

Keyword(s):

Curcuma Longa ◽

Fungal Growth ◽

In Vitro Test ◽

Test Results ◽

In Vivo Test ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Vitro Test ◽

Rotary Vacuum

One of the important diseases on chili is anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum capsici. Curcuma extracts and their essential oils were known as antifungal, but nonessential compounds have not been widely tested. This study aimed to assay the effectiveness of nonessential compounds of Curcuma longa, C. zedoaria, and C. aeruginosa to C. annuum. This study was conducted in November 2014 until Mei 2015 at Brawijaya University. The nonessential compound was obtained by soaking rhizome of C. longa, C. zedoaria, and C. aeruginosa in methanol, then distilled byusing rotary vacuum evaporator. Nonessential chemical compunds were identified by using HPLC. Effectiveness evaluation of nonessential compounds from three species of Curcuma was done by in vitro and in vivo test. Tested treatments were three species of Curcuma spp and 6 concentration levels of nonessential compounds (0 ppm, 4 ppm, 6 ppm, 8 ppm, 10 ppm, and 12 ppm). The xperiment was performed in Factorial Complete Randomized Design, with 18 treatments combination, and replicated three times. Results of HPLC analysis showed the rhizomes of the three Curcuma species contained curcumin and desmethoxycurcumin in various concentrations. The highest level was found in the C. longa extract (13.792 ppm curcumin and 67.156 ppm desmethoxycurcumin). However, in vitro test results showed nonessential compound of C. zedoaria was most effective in inhibiting C. annuum growth. The 10 ppm concentration inhibited 81.53 % of fungal growth. Further, the in vivo test, also indicated the same, it’s most effective in hampering the growth of anthracnose symptoms. Therefore, curcumin and desmethoxycurcumin from three species of Curcuma have potential to be developed as botanical fungicide.

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In-vitro and In-vivo Determinations of Sun Protection Factors (SPF) of Skin Lotions Containing Mountain Papaya Fruit and Mangosteen Peel Ethanolic Extract

Majalah Obat Tradisional ◽

10.22146/mot.49931 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Heru Sasongko ◽

Natasya Advaita ◽

Ratih Guswinda Lestari ◽

Karimah Umar Aidid

Keyword(s):

Sun Exposure ◽

Sun Protection ◽

In Vitro Test ◽

Garcinia Mangostana ◽

In Vivo Test ◽

Antioxidants Activity ◽

Mangosteen Peel ◽

Vitro Test

Indonesia is a high sun exposure country. Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) causes various kinds of skin disorders such as erythema, sunburn, aging, and cancer. Mountain papaya fruit (Vasconcellea pubescens A.DC.) and mangosteen peel (Garcinia mangostana L.) contains metabolite compounds that can protect the skin from sunlight because of its antioxidants activity. The purpose of this study to determine whether the combination of the mountain papaya fruit and mangosteen peel extracts in skin lotion can be used as sun protectors through the in-vitro and in-vivo study. The experiment was done by extracting the mountain papaya fruit and mangosteen peel through the maceration method. The extracts were formulated into skin lotion in three different formulas with the ratio of mountain papaya fruit extract: mangosteen peel extract as follows F1(1:1), F2(1:3), and F3(3:1). In vitro test was done by using UV-VIS spectrophotometry to determine the SPF value and in vivo test was used erythema-induced rats by exotera beam light. The result of in vitro test gained a high enough SPF value for all three formulas F1=23,23; F2=21,70 and F3=28,64 and the result of in vivo test showed that all three formulas did not indicate the existence of erythema value. It can be concluded that three skin lotion formulas containing mountain papaya fruit and mangosteen peel ethanol extract have the effect of sun protection.

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Alterations in Erythrocyte Morphology Induced by Blood Pumps

The International Journal of Artificial Organs ◽

10.1177/039139889301600905 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 16 (9) ◽

pp. 653-658 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

P. Calzavara ◽

S. De Angeli ◽

A. Nieri ◽

C. Furlan ◽

R. Bolzonella ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Toxic Substances ◽

In Vitro Test ◽

Significant Drop ◽

Erythrocyte Morphology ◽

In Vivo Test ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Image Analyser ◽

Vitro Test

A scanning electron microscopy was used after in vitro and in vivo tests to investigate any alterations caused by the peristaltic roller pump in erythrocyte morphology. The electron micrographs of samples were examined as follows: 1) by image analyser; 2) by applying Bessis's classification for the qualitative study of crenated red blood cells (RBCs). The in vitro test was repeated four times using blood from healthy donors. Each basal blood sample was divided into 250 ml portions, each of which was recirculated for 12 minutes at different flow rates. In order to verify any persistent erythrocyte damage caused by the peristaltic pump, 15 minutes after recirculation at 450 ml/min, another sample was prepared using the blood remaining from the last test. A statistically significant direct correlation was found between blood flow (Qb) increase and the percentage of morphologically altered RBCs, when either using an image analyser (r = 0.97; p < 0.05) or Bessis's classification (r = 0.95; p < 0.05). However, neither method showed any statistically significant difference between the percentage of deformed RBCs, determined in the basal sample, or in the percentage found at the end of the 450 ml/min test after standing 15 minutes at room temperature. The in vivo test was carried out on 6 patients over 2 dialysis sessions, which differed only for the Qb: 250 versus 400 ml/min. The two dialysis sessions gave comparable results when using both study methods regarding the presence of deformed RBCs. While Bessis's classification showed a significant drop in the post-dialysis percentage of dysmorphic RBCs compared to the pre-dialysis value, both with a Qb of 250 ml/min and 400 ml/min, no significant change was found with the image analyser. The contradictory results of the two tests can be attributed to the presence of spherocytes and stomatocytes in the in vivo test which on the other hand were absent in the in vitro test and not easily distinguished by the image analyser with the parameter used. Reduction in the number of deformed RBCs after dialysis in the in vivo test can be attributed to improvement in the acidosis, correction of the hydroelectric imbalances and removal of toxic substances as a result of dialysis, thus allowing the echinocytes, spherocytes and stomatocytes to be transformed into discocytes.

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Prospect use of Phaleria macrocarpa to prevent motile aeromonad septicaemia disease in Patin Catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus

Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia ◽

10.19027/jai.6.109-117 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 109

Author(s):

D. Wahjuningrum ◽

S.L. Angka ◽

W. Lesmanawati ◽

. Sa’diyah ◽

M. Yuhana

Keyword(s):

Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Bacterial Disease ◽

In Vitro Test ◽

In Vitro Susceptibility ◽

In Vivo Test ◽

Pangasianodon Hypophthalmus ◽

Phaleria Macrocarpa

Motile Aeromonad Septicaemia (MAS) disease is one of bacterial disease frequently infecting freshwater fishes including patin catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus. This study was performed to determine antimicrobial of Phaleria macrocarpa (PM) and its potency against MAS disease caused by Aeromonas hydrophila. The in vitro susceptibility test was performed by pour plate methods at the dosages of 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 g/l PM. At the in vivo test, fish were fed with the addition of PM into the diet at a dosage of 6, 12, and 18 g/l and 0 g/l as a control for 8 days. At ninth day, fish were infected with A.hydrophila. For seven days after infection the clinical signs and blood pictures were observed. The in vitro test indicated that PM had an antibacterial effect to A.hydrophila at the dosage of 6 g/l. Addition of PM in the diet for 8 days increased haemoglobine. The results showed that lowest clinical sign and smallest number of in fected fish was found at dosage of 12 g/l PM. PM can be used as a preventive method for MAS. Keywords: Phaleria macrocarpa, antibacterial, "patin", MAS disease, Aeromonas hydrophila Abstrak Penyakit MAS (Motile Aeromonad Septicaemia) merupakan penyakit bakterial yang banyak menyerang ikan-ikan air tawar termasuk patin Pangasianodon hypophthalmus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat kemampuan antibakteri dari mahkota dewa (MD) Phaleria macrocarpa terhadap Aeromonas hydrophila penyebab penyakit MAS dan potensinya dalam pencegahan penyakit ini. Pada uji in vitro dilakukan pengujian aktivitas antibakteri MD terhadap A. hydrophila dengan metode hitungan cawan pada dosis MD 2, 4, 6, 8, dan 10 g/l. Pada uji in vivo, ikan uji diberi pakan yang dicampur MD dengan dosis berbeda yaitu 0 g/l (kontrol +), 6, 12, dan 18 g/l, selama 8 hari. Pada hari kesembilan ikan disuntik dengan A. hydrophila dan pengamatan dilanjutkan selama 7 hari, meliputi pengamatan gejala klinis dan gambaran darah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa MD bersifat antibakteri terhadap A. hydrophila dengan dosis efektif 6 g/l. Pemberian MD selama 8 hari dapat meningkatkan kadar hemoglobin, kadar hematokrit, jumlah lekosit, serta meningkatkan kemampuan fagositik darah. Dosis MD sebesar 12 g/l menunjukkan hasil paling baik yang ditunjang oleh gejala klinis paling ringan (sampai tahap nekrosis), dengan jumlah ikan yang terinfeksi paling sedikit (45%) dan waktu penyembuhan paling cepat (hari ke 6). Dengan demikian, MD dapat digunakan untuk mencegah penyakit MAS. Kata kunci: mahkota dewa, antibakterial, ikan patin, penyakit MAS, Aeromonas hydrophila

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RADIATION DOSES OF A FINGER FROM TECHNICS IN NUCLEAR MEDICINE : (A) In Vitro Test : (B) In Vivo Test

Japanese Journal of Radiological Technology ◽

10.6009/jjrt.kj00003105524 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 36 (3) ◽

pp. 340-348

Author(s):

TADAKAZU FUJII ◽

SHUJI NOBEZAWA ◽

TAMOTSU OSAWA ◽

TOSHIHIKO KANNO ◽

YUKITAMI EGUCHI ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nuclear Medicine ◽

Radiation Doses ◽

In Vitro Test ◽

In Vivo Test ◽

Vitro Test

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Control of Some Phytopathogenic Fungi Using Clove Essential Oil (Syzygium aromaticum L.)

Journal of Experimental Agriculture International ◽

10.9734/jeai/2019/v39i330332 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Tiago Silva Lima ◽

Kevison Romulo da Silva França ◽

Plinio Tércio Medeiros de Azevedo ◽

Yaroslávia Ferreira Paiva ◽

José Carlos Santos Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Mycelial Growth ◽

Syzygium Aromaticum ◽

In Vitro Test ◽

In Vivo Test ◽

Maize Seeds ◽

Vitro Test ◽

Clove Essential Oil

Aims: This study evaluates the inhibitory potential of the clove essential oil (Syzygium aromaticum L.) on phytopathogenic fungi in vitro and on maize seeds. Study Design: The experiments comprised completely randomized designs: Seven treatments with five replicates on in vitro test; and four treatments with five replicates each, on in vivo test. Place and Duration of Study: The work was carried out at the Center for Agrifood Science and Technology of the Federal University of Campina Grande, Pombal, Brazil, from April to May 2018. Methodology: In the in vitro test, the essential oil was incorporated into the PDA (Potato-Dextrose-Agar) culture medium. The treatments comprised five concentrations of the oil (0.0125, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2%), a negative control (0.0%), and a positive control (Tiram). Plates were inoculated with the tested fungi, Fusarium verticillioides, Macrophomina phaseolina, and Macrophomina pseudophaseolina, then incubated for seven days at 27±2°C. The percentage of mycelial growth inhibition (PGI) and mycelial growth rate index (MGRI) were estimated. In the in vivo test, maize seeds (AG1051 hybrid) were treated with the essential oil on concentrations equal or superior to the minimum inhibitory concentration found in the in vitro test, besides the negative and positive controls. The artificial inoculation was carried out in fungi colonies for 32 hours and the seed sanity test was performed. The percentage of seeds infected by the fungus was evaluated after seven days. Results: In vitro conditions, clove oil totally inhibited the mycelial growth of F. verticillioides, M. phaseolina and M. pseudophaseolina at concentrations of 0.05, 0.1 and 0.1%, respectively. At 0.2% concentration significantly reduced the incidence of colonies of fungi M. phaseolina and M. pseudophaseolina in hybrid corn seeds AG 1051. Conclusion: The clove essential oil had a fungitoxic effect on the phytopathogens evaluated, under in vitro and in the treatment of maize seeds.

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Aktivitas antibakteri salep ekstrak etanol daun sirih hijau (Piper betleL.) Terhadap infeksi bakteri Staphylococcus aureus

Kartika Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi ◽

10.26874/kjif.v5i2.129 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 56

Author(s):

Rissa Laila Vifta ◽

Muhammad Andri Wansyah ◽

Anita Kumala Hati

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Positive Control ◽

Piper Betle ◽

In Vitro Test ◽

In Vivo Test ◽

Betel Leaf

Abstrak Sirih hijau (Piper betle L.) adalah tanaman yang mudah dijumpai di Indonesia. Secara empiris, sirih hijau digunakan sebagai antibakteri pada luka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas salep ekstrak etanol daun sirih hijau sebagai antibakteri. Pengujian efek antibakteri dilakukan secara in vitro dan in vivo. Ekstrak etanol daun sirih hijau dibuat dengan cara maserasi. Pengujian secara in vitro dilakukan menggunakan metode mikrodilusi terhadap Staphylococcus aureus untuk mengetahui nilai konsentrasi hambat minimum ekstrak daun sirih hijau pada konsentrasi 3, 4, dan 5%. Kemudian ekstrak dibuat salep dan diuji secara in vivo menggunakan hewan uji tikus yang terdiri dari kelompok kontrol negatif, kelompok ekstrak (konsentrasi 3,4, dan 5%), serata pembanding kontrol positif gentamisin 0,1%. Hasil uji dianalisis menggunakan Sapiro-Wilk dan dilanjutkan dengan uji ANAVA serta uji LSD untuk mengetahui perbandingan hasil kelima kelompok perlakuan. Hasil uji in vitro menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi hambat minimum ekstrak daun sirih yang optimal adalah 5%. Hasil uji in vivo menunjukkan lama kesembuhan luka meningkat seiring dengan bertambahnya konsentrasi ekstrak daun sirih hijau. Hasil uji normalitas, Anava, dan uji LSD pada uji in vivo memberikan hasil yang sejalan. Konsentrasi 4 dan 5% merupakan konsentrasi efektif dengan aktivitas waktu kesembuhan luka tidak berbeda bermakna dengan kontrol positif (gentamisin 0,1%) dengan rerata waktu berturut-turut 6,20±0,80 dan 6,00±0,71 hari. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa hasil uji antibakteri pada salep sejalan dengan uji secara in-vitro ekstrak daun Sirih Hijau yang memiliki potensi sebagai antibakteri.Kata kunci: Daun sirih hijau, Antibakteri, Salep, Luka Antibacterial activity from ointment contains extract of green betle leaves (Piper betle l.) to Staphylococcus aureus bacterial infection Abstract Green betel (Piper betle L.) is a plant that is easy to find in Indonesia. Empirically, green betel is used as an antibacterial to the wound. This study aims to determine the activity of ointment of ethanol extract of green betel leaves as antibacterial. Tests of antibacterial effects were performed in vitro and in vivo. Ethanol extract of green betel leaf is made by maceration. In vitro testing was done using micro dilution method to Staphylococcus aureus to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration of green leaf extract at concentrations of 3, 4, and 5%. Then the extract was made ointment and tested in vivo using rat consisting of the negative control group, the extract group (concentrations 3,4, and 5%), the positive control of gentamicin 0.1%. The test results were analyzed using Sapiro-Wilk and continued with ANAVA test and LSD test to find out the comparison of the results of the five treatment groups. The results of in vitro test showed that the minimum inhibit concentration of green betel leaf extract was 5%. The results of in vivo test showed the duration of wound healing increased with increasing concentration of green betel leaf extract. The result of normality test, Anava, and LSD test on in vivo test give the same result. Concentrations of 4 and 5% were effective concentrations with wound healing time activity were not significantly different with positive control (gentamicin 0.1%) with mean time of 6.20 ± 0.80 and 6.00 ± 0.71 days respectively. It can be concluded that the antibacterial test results in ointment are in line with in vitro test of leaf green betel extract which has potential as antibacterial.Key words: Green betel, Antibacterial, Ointment, Wound

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A review of application of natural products as fungicides for chili

Environmental and Toxicology Management ◽

10.33086/etm.v1i2.2022 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 9-22

Author(s):

Khoirul Ngibad ◽

Afidatul Muadifah ◽

Lailatul Jannah Triarini ◽

Laily Rizki Amalia ◽

Novita Karel Damayanti

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

In Vitro Tests ◽

Fabrication Method ◽

Chromolaena Odorata ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

In Vivo Test ◽

Fractionation Method

Anthracnose disease in chillies is a serious problem for farmers. So far, synthetic fungicides have been used as solution for the treatment of this disease. However, the side effects of synthetic fungicides to public health and environment raised awareness on alternative fungicides derived from natural resources. This paper aims to review plants that are potential as an alternative to fungicides for chili plantation, fabrication of test solutions, in vitro and in vivo fungicide test. Many plants were investigated as alternatives to plant-based fungicide. The utilization of leaves as samples including rhizomes, roots, tubers, weevils, seeds, fruit, flowers and other parts of the plant. The extract fabrication method used as a fungicide test include: maceration method, gradual fractionation method, and decoction method. The maceration method is the method most widely used to extract fungicidal active compounds from plants. Some studies that carried out in vitro tests were unable to compare with synthetic fungicides so it was not possible to determine their effectiveness for plant-based fungicide for chillies when compared to synthetic fungicides. In vitro Extract of 80% alcohol and 10%/60% n-hexane of pacar cina (Aglaia odorata L.) leaves can be compared with the performance of propineb 0.2%. In addition, the 60% and 70% kirinyuh (Chromolaena odorata L.) leaf extracts were also able to match Acrobat 0.2% performance in vitro. Based on the in vivo test, suren (Toona sureni Merr) leaf extract and nut bulbs can be used as an alternative to vegetable / natural fungicides to help overcome the problem of anthracnose in chilies.

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Pemanfaatan ekstrak daun inai (Lawsonia inermis l.) sebagai bakterisida terhadap Aeromonas hydrophila yang menginfeksi ikan lele sangkuriang (Clarias gariepinus)

DEPIK ◽

10.13170/depik.4.3.3056 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sofyatuddin Karina ◽

Mimie Saputri ◽

Muhammad Naufal

Keyword(s):

Survival Rate ◽

Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Clarias Gariepinus ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Measured Parameter ◽

In Vitro Test ◽

Lawsonia Inermis

Abstract. The objective of this research was to find out the effectiveness of henna leaf extract (Lawsonia inermis L.) on A. hydrophila in vitro and its effect on the survival rate of Clarias gariepinus that infected by those bacterias in vivo. The research was conducted at chemistry laboratory of Teacher Training and Education Faculty, Syiah Kuala University and at Microbiology laboratory, Brackishwater aquaculture Department Center, Ujong Batee on Avril to September, 2015. The research involved in vitro test with the inhibition zone as measured parameter and in vivo test with the survival rate value as measured parameter. The treated concentrations were 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5% of extract. The result of in vitro test showed that henna leaf extract was effective against A. hydrophila with the inhibition zone for 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5% extract were 5.45; 5.7; 6.5; 7.5; and 9.6 mm, respectively. The result of ANOVA test showed that henna leaf extract has a significant effect on the survival rate of catfish (P<0.05). The best survival rate was obtained at 4% of extract concentration. Keywords: Aeromonas hydrophila; henna leaf extract; catfishAbstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas ekstrak daun inai (Lawsonia inermis L.) terhadap A. hydrophila secara in vitro dan pengaruhnya secara in vivo terhadap kelangsungan hidup ikan lele sangkuriang (Clarias gariepinus) yang terinfeksi bakteri ini dengan cara perendaman. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Laboratorium kimia, FKIP Unsyiah dan Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Balai Budidaya Perikanan Air Payau (BBAP) Ujong Batee pada dari bulan April hingga bulan September 2015. Penelitian ini meliputi uji in vitro dengan parameter uji berupa zona hambat ekstrak terhadap bakteri dan uji in vivo dengan parameter uji berupa nilai kelangsungan hidup ikan lele sangkuriang pasca perlakuan dengan ekstrak. Konsentrasi perlakuan yang dilakukan adalah 1, 2, 3, 4, dan 5%. Hasil uji in vitro menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun inai (Lawsonia inermis L.) terbukti efektif terhadap Aeromonas hydrophila dengan nilai zona hambat secara berturut-turut terhadap konsentrasi 1, 2, 3, 4 dan 5% adalah 5,45; 5,7; 6,5; 7,5; dan 9,6 mm. Hasil uji ANOVA menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun inai berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap kelangsungan hidup ikan lele sangkuriang. Tingkat kelangsungan hidup ikan terbaik diperoleh pada konsentrasi ekstrak 4%.<div>Kata kunci : Aeromonas hydrophila; ekstrak daun inai; ikan lele sangkuriang </div>

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Aktivitas antibakteri salep ekstrak etanol daun sirih hijau (Piper betleL.) Terhadap infeksi bakteri Staphylococcus aureus

Kartika Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi ◽

10.26874/kjif.v5i2.117 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 56

Author(s):

Rissa Laila Vifta ◽

Muhammad Andri Wansyah ◽

Anita Kumala Hati

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Positive Control ◽

Piper Betle ◽

In Vitro Test ◽

In Vivo Test ◽

Betel Leaf

Abstrak Sirih hijau (Piper betle L.) adalah tanaman yang mudah dijumpai di Indonesia. Secara empiris, sirih hijau digunakan sebagai antibakteri pada luka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas salep ekstrak etanol daun sirih hijau sebagai antibakteri. Pengujian efek antibakteri dilakukan secara in vitro dan in vivo. Ekstrak etanol daun sirih hijau dibuat dengan cara maserasi. Pengujian secara in vitro dilakukan menggunakan metode mikrodilusi terhadap Staphylococcus aureus untuk mengetahui nilai konsentrasi hambat minimum ekstrak daun sirih hijau pada konsentrasi 3, 4, dan 5%. Kemudian ekstrak dibuat salep dan diuji secara in vivo menggunakan hewan uji tikus yang terdiri dari kelompok kontrol negatif, kelompok ekstrak (konsentrasi 3,4, dan 5%), serata pembanding kontrol positif gentamisin 0,1%. Hasil uji dianalisis menggunakan Sapiro-Wilk dan dilanjutkan dengan uji ANAVA serta uji LSD untuk mengetahui perbandingan hasil kelima kelompok perlakuan. Hasil uji in vitro menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi hambat minimum ekstrak daun sirih yang optimal adalah 5%. Hasil uji in vivo menunjukkan lama kesembuhan luka meningkat seiring dengan bertambahnya konsentrasi ekstrak daun sirih hijau. Hasil uji normalitas, Anava, dan uji LSD pada uji in vivo memberikan hasil yang sejalan. Konsentrasi 4 dan 5% merupakan konsentrasi efektif dengan aktivitas waktu kesembuhan luka tidak berbeda bermakna dengan kontrol positif (gentamisin 0,1%) dengan rerata waktu berturut-turut 6,20±0,80 dan 6,00±0,71 hari. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa hasil uji antibakteri pada salep sejalan dengan uji secara in-vitro ekstrak daun Sirih Hijau yang memiliki potensi sebagai antibakteri.Kata kunci: Daun sirih hijau, Antibakteri, Salep, Luka Antibacterial activity from ointment contains extract of green betle leaves (Piper betle l.) to Staphylococcus aureus bacterial infection Abstract Green betel (Piper betle L.) is a plant that is easy to find in Indonesia. Empirically, green betel is used as an antibacterial to the wound. This study aims to determine the activity of ointment of ethanol extract of green betel leaves as antibacterial. Tests of antibacterial effects were performed in vitro and in vivo. Ethanol extract of green betel leaf is made by maceration. In vitro testing was done using micro dilution method to Staphylococcus aureus to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration of green leaf extract at concentrations of 3, 4, and 5%. Then the extract was made ointment and tested in vivo using rat consisting of the negative control group, the extract group (concentrations 3,4, and 5%), the positive control of gentamicin 0.1%. The test results were analyzed using Sapiro-Wilk and continued with ANAVA test and LSD test to find out the comparison of the results of the five treatment groups. The results of in vitro test showed that the minimum inhibit concentration of green betel leaf extract was 5%. The results of in vivo test showed the duration of wound healing increased with increasing concentration of green betel leaf extract. The result of normality test, Anava, and LSD test on in vivo test give the same result. Concentrations of 4 and 5% were effective concentrations with wound healing time activity were not significantly different with positive control (gentamicin 0.1%) with mean time of 6.20 ± 0.80 and 6.00 ± 0.71 days respectively. It can be concluded that the antibacterial test results in ointment are in line with in vitro test of leaf green betel extract which has potential as antibacterial.Key words: Green betel, Antibacterial, Ointment, Wound

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