Antimicrobial textile modified with silver nanoparticles in-situ synthesized using weed leaves extract

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) presence has considerable impact on microbial growth. In this paper, AgNPs was deposited on surface of four textiles to enhance the anti-microbial properties using immersion technique. Immersion technique was selected since it was simple, no need high energies, and no additional equipment required. In addition, AgNPs was synthesized using in situ-bio technique which is non-toxic, harmless and eco-friendly approach. Four textiles were evaluated, such as TA, TB, TC and TD. The finding projected that antifungal ability was correlated to the type of the textiles. TC textile has the significant antimicrobial activity with 12.33 ± 2.08 of inhibition zone which followed by TD (16.00 ± 3.46), TB (17.67 ± 7.09), and TA (17.67 ± 6.65). In addition, the surface bonding AgNPs on textile was possibility caused by the -OH group. It has a lone pair of electrons on the O atom that can interact with AgNPs to form –OAg bonds.

Groundwater and society: fresh submarine groundwater discharge and itsmanagement improvement

The issues of global warming and greenhouse gasses have raised the concern of the people and led to integrate ambitious of using bioenergy in many countries. In this paper, the issues of conventional energy are stated, and the different types of conventional energy resources are discussed including coal, petroleum and natural gas. The process of pulverized coal combustion (PCC) to generate electricity is also studied and discussed in this paper to have a better understanding of the process and the emission of greenhouse gas released from the use of coal to generate conventional energy. The reason of soil contamination and air pollution caused by the refinery process of petroleum is also discussed in this paper and several study cases of the social economic impact caused by the production of natural gas in development countries. Furthermore, the used of bioenergy and different type of bioenergy resource are discussed including biogas, algae biofuel, and biodiesel. The process of algae cultivation for algae biofuel and the study of toxic waste algae strains that can give a negative impact to the environment is studied to avoid harmful substances released to the environment. The potential algae application in different fields is also included to show the benefit of algae biofuel which is flexible and able to contribute to the global economic growth. Lastly, the advantages of using bioenergy are discussed including the mitigation of greenhouse gas emission, improve social economic growth, renewable energy resources and prevent prescribed burning of the forest.

Effect of metal content from sewage sludge on the growth of Orthosiphon stamineus

Municipal sewage sludge can be used as fertilizer as it contains a lot of nutrients. By focusing on copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) contents in municipal sewage sludge from primary oxidation ponds and in plant tissue sections, this study attempts to explain the relationship between plant yield and metal concentrations. Raw sludge samples were collected, air-dried, and ground to powder form at the beginning of fieldwork. The metal concentrations of sewage sludge were copper 6.9 mg/kg; iron 330.2 mg/kg manganese 6.7 mg/kg and zinc 9.1 mg/kg. Orthosiphon stamineus (cat’s whiskers) was selected and the plant received a different quantity of sludge application ranging from 1 g to 4 g per plant weekly for six consecutive weeks while observations were done for eleven weeks. Physical parameters such as shrub width and height were monitored to determine plant growth. Through this study, the determined optimum sewage sludge dosage for cats’ whiskers was between 2 to 3 g per plant.

Study on household waste management in Kampung Parit Haji Siraj, Johor, Malaysia

Waste management issue has been a major threat and challenge due to the undergoing rapid industrialization and urbanization not only to Malaysia, but also other countries around the world. To tackle that, the first step starts at household level where people are encouraged to try to manage their wastes properly. The aim of this study was to review the current practises of household waste management, to assess household awareness of the health and safety risked posed by inadequate handling of special household waste and to identify future prospect and potential for effective waste management system in Kampung Parit Haji Siraj, Ayer Hitam, Johor. A survey questionnaire was used to collect complete information on the objectives stated and the data were analysed using SPSS software. Results showed that 97.2% of residents were aware about waste management and social media with 80% contributed the most in delivering information about waste management to the public. The most type of solid waste generated from household were food waste and plastic with 94.4% and 86.1%, respectively. 66.7% of residents emptied their waste container once in 2 days and about 63.9% of the residents dispose their household waste in a hole near their compound. Majority of the residents are aware of any health and safety risked posed by inadequate handling of household waste. Lastly, waste management system in the area can be improved by providing proper waste disposal place and educating proper disposal ways to guarantee that residents do not discard their waste in an indiscriminate manner.

Green engineering principles and application: bioremediation

The adulteration of the environment by hazardous waste, such as heavy metals, nuclear wastes, hydrocarbons, pesticides and greenhouse gases is the major serious problem which need to be reduced. Common remediation technique such as physical, chemical and biological process are being applied. Chemical process can transform and change organic contaminant of interest which is not sufficient to clean the environment, while physical technique requires additional equipment. Thus, bioremediation exist as green approach to eliminate the hazardous waste in the environment. In this review, bioremediation is comprehensively presented. Remediation process types, challenges, limitations, mechanisms, and future suggestion has been elaborated to develop bioremediation technology for future prospect.

Bioenergy as a prospective energy source in the future

The issues of global warming and greenhouse gasses have raised the concern of the people and led to integrate ambitious of using bioenergy in many countries. In this paper, the issues of conventional energy are stated, and the different types of conventional energy resources are discussed including coal, petroleum and natural gas. The process of pulverized coal combustion (PCC) to generate electricity is also studied and discussed in this paper to have a better understanding of the process and the emission of greenhouse gas released from the use of coal to generate conventional energy. The reason of soil contamination and air pollution caused by the refinery process of petroleum is also discussed in this paper and several study cases of the social economic impact caused by the production of natural gas in development countries. Furthermore, the used of bioenergy and different type of bioenergy resource are discussed including biogas, algae biofuel, and biodiesel. The process of algae cultivation for algae biofuel and the study of toxic waste algae strains that can give a negative impact to the environment is studied to avoid harmful substances released to the environment. The potential algae application in different fields is also included to show the benefit of algae biofuel which is flexible and able to contribute to the global economic growth. Lastly, the advantages of using bioenergy are discussed including the mitigation of greenhouse gas emission, improve social economic growth, renewable energy resources and prevent prescribed burning of the forest.

Morphological characterization of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria from treated latex processing wastewater

A preliminary morphological screening and isolation of bacterial colony from latex industrial wastewater was carried out. Bacteria colonies from latex processing wastewater were isolated from a local latex processing industry. It was found that 17 bacterial isolates had been purified grown on nutrient agar under 35˚C. The colonies were then purified and morphologically indicated via Gram staining and motility test. After morphological observation, it was identified that out of 17 isolates, 9 isolates were Gram positive and 8 isolates were Gram negative. There are 11 out of 17 colonies were rod-shaped bacterial colonies, while the other 6 colonies were cocci-shaped bacteria. There were 11 colonies of gliding bacteria, three colonies were non-motile bacteria and the other three colonies were flagellated bacteria. This study is only limited to morphological observation as the main aim of this study was to investigate the potential occurrence of viable growth in treated latex processing wastewater. The bacterial colonies were classified base on their morphological properties shown. This study has classified several genera such as Staphylococcus, Escherichia, Thiobacillus, Arthrobacter and other Genus. The growth curve of 17 isolates studied and the chemical oxygen demand were determined.

Appropriate technology adaptation to mitigate community transmission of SARS CoV2 virus in resourced challenged Bhutan and Bangladesh

The SARS CoV2 pandemic has a tremendous impact on both developed and developing countries. To mitigate against community transmission of SARS CoV2 in Southern Bhutan and Central Bangladesh, the development and application of appropriate technologies was undertaken. As an appropriate mitigation, hand washing station was constructed by a simple system. The system was operated using a foot pedal to limit cross contamination by direct hand contact, hand sanitizer utilization and disinfection application in Central Bangladesh. The study highlighted a local innovation in constrained environments to provide public health solutions for preventing the spread of SARS CoV2. The innovation and mitigation measures can be replicated in other resource challenged regions of the world as mitigations steps to limit community transmission of SARS CoV2.

Removal of silver nanoparticles using phytoremediation method

This paper presents on removal of silver nanoparticles using phytoremediation. In this study, floating macrophyte (Pistia stratiotes) was used for phytoremediation of silver nanoparticles. This study investigated the performance of Pistia stratiotes in the removal of silver nanoparticles using phytoremediation method. The silver nanoparticles were green synthesized by using Muntingia calabura sp. leaves as reducing and stabilizing agent. The silver nanoparticles were successful synthesized as a peak appeared at wavelength 450 nm by UV-Vis spectrophotometer, while Pistia stratiotes had been acclimatized in tank at laboratory. Similar size of Pistia stratiotes had been employed for investigation. Each selected Pistia stratiotes was placed in 5 L bottles water containing different concentration (0.5 ppm, 1.0 ppm, 2.0 ppm and 3.0 ppm) of silver nanoparticles. This study was evaluated using UV-Vis spectrophotometer for five days. The results showed that the highest removal was achieved 69.88% at concentration of 0.5 ppm. This percentage removal relatively decreased up to 55.61% as concentration increase at 3.0 ppm. These results prescribed that phytoremediation of silver nanoparticles by Pistia stratiotes can be considered to apply and implement in water environment for AgNPs removal.

Cleaner production: a brief review on definitions, trends and the importance in environment protection.

There are several environmental issues caused by economic growth and urbanization, such as soil degradation, water scarcity, deforestation, and biodiversity extinction. To solve these environmental problem issues, cleaner production (CP) had presented as account to reduce waste generation, energy usage and environmental pollution.CP concept was accepted and applied on many industrial sectors. Based on the current trend, CP is shifting to tackle global environmental problems by focusing on reducing carbon emission and resources consumption. In this paper, implementation of CP was presented such as waste and pollutants reduction, process and products efficiency improvements, and risk reduction towards human and environment. Overall, CP is an effective tool not only in environmental protection, but also in company management as it can increase the profit gains, reduce resources consumption, reduce pollutants emission and protects the safety of staff and workers.