scholarly journals The Influence Of Criminal Justice Professors On Narco-Terrorism Policies

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig S. Cleveland ◽  
Andrew Honeycutt
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
The United States ◽  
Comparison Method ◽  
Managerial Decision ◽  
Quantitative Research Methods ◽  
Drug Enforcement ◽  
Cultural Behavior ◽  
Drug Enforcement Administration ◽  
The Impact

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">The purpose of the study was to determine the impact of leadership and managerial decision making within the Drug Enforcement Administration since September 11, 2001.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>A web based survey questionnaire was used to collect the data.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>Participants in the study were criminal justice professors from randomly selected colleges and universities located in the southeast and southwest region of the United States.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>Qualitative and quantitative research methods were used. Each participant was asked to complete a post survey that addressed areas of leadership and decision-making based on opinions and knowledge related to criminal justice.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>Paired samples t test was used to describe the data. In spite of the survey findings of change in knowledge, skills, and cultural behavior, these changes did not appear to lead to significant differences in determining leadership skills.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>It is recommended that future studies use a survey sample instrument designed to measure attitudinal dimensions of decision-making among leaders and managers within the Drug Enforcement Administration.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>One possible recommendation is to utilize a different type of comparison method or instrument that would measure certain dimensions of managerial levels between upper and lower management.</span></span></p>

scholarly journals The Implications Of Leadership On Narco-Terrorism Policy Management

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig S. Cleveland ◽  
Andrew Honeycutt
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
The United States ◽  
Comparison Method ◽  
Managerial Decision ◽  
Quantitative Research Methods ◽  
Drug Enforcement ◽  
Cultural Behavior ◽  
Drug Enforcement Administration ◽  
The Impact

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">The purpose of the study was to determine the impact of leadership and managerial decision making within the Drug Enforcement Administration since September 11, 2001.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>A web based survey questionnaire was used to collect the data.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>Participants in the study were criminal justice professors from randomly selected colleges and universities located in the southeast and southwest region of the United States.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>Qualitative and quantitative research methods were used. Each participant was asked to complete a post survey that addressed areas of leadership and decision-making based on opinions and knowledge related to criminal justice.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>Paired samples t test was used to describe the data. In spite of the survey findings of change in knowledge, skills, and cultural behavior, these changes did not appear to lead to significant differences in determining leadership skills.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>It is recommended that future studies use a survey sample instrument designed to measure attitudinal dimensions of decision-making among leaders and managers within the Drug Enforcement Administration.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>One possible recommendation is to utilize a different type of comparison method or instrument that would measure certain dimensions of managerial levels between upper and lower management.</span></span></p>

Officers' perceptions regarding the unexpected effects of body-worn cameras

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 390-402
Author(s):  
Jordan C. Pickering
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Justice System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThroughout the last decade, a number of empirical studies have assessed the effectiveness of body-worn cameras (BWCs) among law enforcement agencies across the United States. The purpose of this paper is to examine officers' perceptions regarding the impact this technology has had on police-community relations, as well as the working relationship between police and other actors in the criminal justice system (e.g. prosecutors, jurors).Design/methodology/approachThe author conducted focus groups with officers (n = 89) from two local law enforcement agencies in California that had adopted BWCs in recent years. Participating officers discussed advantages and disadvantages they associated with BWCs, as well as how BWCs have impacted their relationship with the public and justice system personnel.FindingsOfficers recognized advantages to using BWCs, including the potential for positive changes in police behavior and the ability to protect officers against false citizen complaints. Officers also identified a number of disadvantages (or consequences) they associate with BWCs, such as the depreciation of credibility behind an officer's word and the impact of video footage on prosecutorial decision-making.Originality/valuePrior studies have gathered officers' perceptions regarding BWCs, but very few have assessed whether and how the use of this technology by law enforcement influences other actors within the criminal justice system. The findings from this study may prompt further empirical consideration regarding BWCs, especially with regard to whether police use of this technology significantly impacts citizens' trust in the police and how their use may impact prosecutorial and juror decision-making.

Focal Concerns and Police Decision Making in Sexual Assault Cases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 152483802199128
Author(s):  
David S. Lapsey ◽  
Bradley A. Campbell ◽  
Bryant T. Plumlee
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Campbell Collaboration ◽  
Focal Concerns ◽  
Police Decision Making ◽  
The Impact

Sexual assault and case attrition at the arrest stage are serious problems in the United States. Focal concerns have increasingly been used to explain police decision making in sexual assault cases. Because of the popularity of the focal concerns perspective and potential to inform evidence-based training, a systematic review and meta-analysis are needed to condense the literature. In this study, we assess the overall strength of the relationship between focal concerns variables and police decisions to arrest in cases of sexual assault. Our assessment of the effects of focal concerns variables on arrest decision making in sexual assault cases followed the systematic review protocols provided by the Campbell Collaboration of Systematic Reviews. Specifically, we used the Campbell Collaboration recommendations to search empirical literature and used meta-analysis to evaluate the size, direction, and strength of the impact of focal concerns variables on arrest decisions. Our search strategy detected 14 eligible studies and 79 effect sizes. The meta-analysis found several robust and statistically significant correlates of arrest. In fact, each focal concerns concept produced at least one robust arrest correlate. Overall, focal concerns offers a strong approach for explaining police decisions in sexual assault cases. Although practical concerns and resource constraints produced the strongest arrest correlates, results show the importance of additional case characteristics in officers’ decision to arrest.

scholarly journals Heuristics, biases and traps in managerial decision making

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (7) ◽  
pp. 2117-2122
Author(s):  
Peter Gál ◽  
Miloš Mrva ◽  
Matej Meško
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Systematic Errors ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Managerial Decision ◽  
Initial Information ◽  
Representativeness Heuristic ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

The aim of the paper is to demonstrate the impact of heuristics, biases and psychological traps on the decision making. Heuristics are unconscious routines people use to cope with the complexity inherent in most decision situations. They serve as mental shortcuts that help people to simplify and structure the information encountered in the world. These heuristics could be quite useful in some situations, while in others they can lead to severe and systematic errors, based on significant deviations from the fundamental principles of statistics, probability and sound judgment. This paper focuses on illustrating the existence of the anchoring, availability, and representativeness heuristics, originally described by Tversky & Kahneman in the early 1970’s. The anchoring heuristic is a tendency to focus on the initial information, estimate or perception (even random or irrelevant number) as a starting point. People tend to give disproportionate weight to the initial information they receive. The availability heuristic explains why highly imaginable or vivid information have a disproportionate effect on people’s decisions. The representativeness heuristic causes that people rely on highly specific scenarios, ignore base rates, draw conclusions based on small samples and neglect scope. Mentioned phenomena are illustrated and supported by evidence based on the statistical analysis of the results of a questionnaire.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF CONTROL PROCESSES ON MANAGERIAL DECISION MAKING

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-52
Author(s):  
Jan Kráčmar ◽  
Miroslav Uhliar
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Control Function ◽  
Decision Function ◽  
Managerial Control ◽  
Managerial Decision ◽  
Managerial Work ◽  
Managerial Decision Making ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Control Processes ◽  
The Impact

Control and managerial decision function activities have an important share in the managerial work. The paper The Impact of Control Processes on Managerial Decision Making describes the share of managerial control and decision function on the total managerial work. It also evaluates the influence of control activities on the decision making functions of different -level managers in questioned companies doing business in Slovak Republic. The results were obtained thanks to the surveying method. 392 participants took part in the research, which was made in two phases (in 2008 and 2010). The findings show the importance of managerial functions of control and decision making. They identify over 21% of control function- and almost 30% of decision making function share on total managerial work. There were discovered, many positive effects of control function on managerial decision making, while only few and insignificant negatives were identified. Key words: manager, control function, managerial decision making, evaluation, manager job content.

Seeking Criminal Justice Clarity amid Historic Chaos

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Douglas A. Berman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
The United States ◽  
Racial Justice ◽  
Federal Sentencing ◽  
Criminal Justice Systems ◽  
Societal Changes ◽  
Justice Systems ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Impact

The remarkable events of 2020 have disrupted and altered all sorts of plans, and this issue of FSR covers some of the many varied criminal justice and sentencing echoes of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and urgent new calls for racial justice. The intense and dynamic topics that have come to define 2020 in the United States necessarily impact, and may even consume our thinking, about modern criminal justice systems generally and federal sentencing realities in particular. Included in this FSR issue are reports and data and commentary that predate spring shutdowns and summer protests and related developments; but these materials now carry distinctive meaning and even a new urgency in light of 2020 challenges. It is impossible to fully assess in short order the impact of massive societal changes on the federal sentencing system, but we are hopeful this FSR issue can provided added perspective to a rapidly changing world that still often seems hard to fully grasp.

The Dark Side of Medical Tourism?

Oncology ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 203-215
Author(s):  
Malcolm Cooper ◽  
Mayumi Hieda
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Medical Tourism ◽  
Medical Profession ◽  
Human Security ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Dark Side ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Cultural Behavior ◽  
The Impact

There are 4 principles that should govern the response of the healthcare system in its treatment of individual medical problems. These may be summarized as: 1. medical care should be accessible to all; 2. the principle of patient autonomy should govern decision-making; 3. medical treatment should be recognized as being part of cultural behavior; and, 4. the medical profession should support the benefit of the patient. However, the combination of these with the rising cost of healthcare and the impact of globalization, has led to a dark side for medical tourism. In this situation, both patients and physicians are faced with ethical, human security and sustainability issues. This chapter examines 3 major issues in medical tourism: end of life choice, trafficking in human bodies and body parts, and organ transplants. In the healthcare systems of many countries, these issues can also involve criminal activities.

Stressed decision makers and use of decision aids: a literature review and conceptual model

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 710-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Adya ◽  
Gloria Phillips-Wren
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Decision Aids ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Decision Quality ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Managerial Decision ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact

Purpose Decision making is inherently stressful since the decision maker must choose between potentially conflicting alternatives with unique hazards and uncertain outcomes. Whereas decision aids such as decision support systems (DSS) can be beneficial in stressful scenarios, decision makers sometimes misuse them during decision making, leading to suboptimal outcomes. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between stress, decision making and decision aid use. Design/methodology/approach The authors conduct an extensive multi-disciplinary review of decision making and DSS use through the lens of stress and examine how stress, as perceived by decision makers, impacts their use or misuse of DSS even when such aids can improve decision quality. Research questions examine underlying sources of stress in managerial decision making that influence decision quality, relationships between a decision maker’s perception of stress, DSS use/misuse, and decision quality, and implications for research and practice on DSS design and capabilities. Findings The study presents a conceptual model that provides an integrative behavioral view of the impact of a decision maker’s perceived stress on their use of a DSS and the quality of their decisions. The authors identify critical knowledge gaps and propose a research agenda to improve decision quality and use of DSS by considering a decision maker’s perceived stress. Originality/value This study provides a previously unexplored view of DSS use and misuse as shaped by the decision and job stress experienced by decision makers. Through the application of four theories, the review and its findings highlight key design principles that can mitigate the negative effects of stressors on DSS use.

scholarly journals Attitudes, Rape and Law Reform in South Africa

2009 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 414-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charnelle van der Bijl ◽  
Philip N. S. Rumney
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Social Attitudes ◽  
Law Reform ◽  
Judicial Decision Making ◽  
Rape Law ◽  
Justice Process ◽  
Criminal Justice Process ◽  
The Impact

In the last decade South Africa has undergone an extensive process of sexual offence law reform. This process has attempted, amongst other things, to address deficiencies in the criminal justice response to rape and has also recognised some of the limits to the impact of legal reform. These limits are partly defined by rape supportive attitudes and myths that appear to influence decision-making at all points in the criminal justice process. In South Africa, and many other jurisdictions, evidence suggests that police, prosecutorial and judicial decision-making is influenced, in part, by a range of social attitudes that misconstrue sexual violence, as well as serve to undermine the credibility of complainants. This article examines the impact of myths, social definitions of rape on rape law reform in South Africa and the points at which these reforms are likely to be undermined by social attitudes and what potentially might be done to address this problem.

For Love and Justice: The Mobilizing of Race, Gender, and Criminal Justice Contact

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (04) ◽  
pp. 541-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah L. Walker ◽  
Marcela García-Castañon
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Voter Turnout ◽  
Justice System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Western Democracy ◽  
Political Implications ◽  
Criminal Background ◽  
Criminal Justice Contact ◽  
The Impact

This paper examines the political implications of the criminal justice system for those who experience it indirectly: the friends and extended families of individuals who become caught up in the criminal justice system through heightened police surveillance, arrest, probation/parole and incarceration, which scholars have termed “custodial citizenship” (Lerman and Weaver 2014, 8). Contact with the criminal justice system is increasingly common in the United States, which incarcerates more of its citizens than any other western democracy (West, Sabol, and Greenman 2010). In addition to the 2.3 million people currently behind bars scholars estimate that more than 19 million have a felony (Uggen, Manza, and Thompson 2006). Fully 23% of Black adults have a criminal background, and Latinos make up 50% of federal inmates, highlighting extreme racial disparities in American criminal justice (Meissner et al. 2013). A growing body of research explores the impact of criminal justice contact on political participation finding that depressed voter turnout is the result whether one has been incarcerated, arrested, or lives in a high-contact community (Burch 2011, 2013; Lerman and Weaver 2014).

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