scholarly journals Is The Wage Gap Between High School And College Graduates Widening? A Panel Analysis

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diamando Afxentiou ◽  
Paul Kutasovic
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
College Graduates ◽  
High School Graduates ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
Primary Determinant ◽  
Polarization Theory ◽  
Service Jobs ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">This study examines the wage growth of high school graduates and college graduates. The NLSY-79 data is employed. The data shows that college graduates earn a premium over high school graduates and the premium is widening over time. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>A panel regression model was estimated for the years 1982 until 2004. The results show that education has a significant positive effect on wages and it is the primary determinant of the wage gap. Also, age and gender were found to have a significant effect on wages. Testing the impact of occupation, only managerial, clerical, and service jobs had a significant effect on wages.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>Production jobs were statistically insignificant as suggested by the labor market polarization theory.</span></span></p>

scholarly journals Postsecondary Educational Attainment and Health among Younger U.S. Adults in the “College-for-All” Era

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 237802312110211
Author(s):  
Anna Zajacova ◽  
Elizabeth Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
High School Graduates ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Associate Degrees ◽  
Bachelor's Degrees ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Impact ◽  
High School Diplomas ◽  
Postsecondary Attainment

Population-health research has neglected differentiation within postsecondary educational attainments. This gap is critical to understanding health inequality because college experience with no degree, vocational/technical certificates, and associate degrees may affect health differently. We examine health across detailed postsecondary attainment levels. We analyze data on 14,750 respondents in Waves I and IV of the nationally representative Add Health panel spanning adolescence to ages 26 to 34. Multivariate regression and counterfactual approaches to minimize the impact of confounders estimate multiple health outcomes across postsecondary attainment levels. Compared to high school diplomas, we find significant returns to bachelor’s degrees for most health outcomes and smaller but largely significant returns to associate degrees. In contrast, adults with some college but no degree or with vocational/technical certificates do not have better physical health than high school graduates. Our findings highlight the stark differentiation within higher education as reflected by the disparate health outcomes in early adulthood.

Does College Education Pay? Evidence From The NLSY-79 Data

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diamando Afxentiou ◽  
Paul Kutasovic
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
College Graduates ◽  
College Education ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Income Gap ◽  
High School Degree ◽  
And Gender ◽  
College Educated ◽  
Over Time

This study examines if the college wage premium favoring college graduates still exists. The NLSY-79 data is employed. The sample includes individuals who received their high school degree and college degree in 1980 and 1981. These individuals were followed until the year 2004. A cross sectional regression model was estimated for the years 1982, 1994, and 2004 and found that education, occupation, and gender were the primary determinants of wages. The income gap between college educated workers and high school educated workers has widen over time. Most interestingly, it is the stagnation of high school educated workers that accounts for the gap.

scholarly journals The Self-Determination Theory and Mathematics Motivation: Grade Levels and Gender Differences among United Arab Emirates Students

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Jalal Haj Hussien
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
School Students ◽  
Grade Levels ◽  
Mathematics Motivation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Gender ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
The Impact

The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of students’ grade levels, gender, and interaction between the two on mathematics motivation. In addition, the relationship between students’ various types of mathematics motivation and achievement were examined. Four hundred twenty four elementary school students (186 boys and 238 girls), 588 middle school students (296 boys and 292 girls), and 276 high school students (154 boys and 122 girls) completed the MMS. The findings of this study showed that all types of motivation in mathematics steadily decreased with grade advancement (elementary through high school) with the exception of introjected regulation. Moreover, results indicated a significant gender difference in each type of mathematics motivation, exception regarding intrinsic motivation, where the difference was not significant. In addition, the interaction between grade levels and gender was significant only in students’ introjected regulation; the differences in intrinsic, external regulation, and amotivation were consistent between males and females in different grade levels. Finally, the results revealed a significant relationship between all types of motivation and mathematics achievement as well as overall academic achievement. 

scholarly journals Wage Gap between University Graduates and High School Graduates as Seen from Statistics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroki Tahara
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Graduates ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
University Graduates

令和元年賃金構造基本統計調査を元に大卒と高卒の賃金格差について調べた。

scholarly journals The effects of attractiveness, gender and self-esteem in service jobs

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 249-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi Xu ◽  
Larry Martinez ◽  
Nicholas A. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Skills ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Service Jobs ◽  
Front Desk ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Tipping Behavior ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of service providers’ attractiveness in service jobs and examine the underlying psychological mechanisms that may explain consumers’ different attitudes and potential behavior. Design/methodology/approach An experimental design was used in this paper. Study 1 used a scenario depicting a front-desk agent performing check-in procedures and Study 2 used a scenario depicting a restaurant server. Data were analyzed using Hayes’ (2013) PROCESS macro. Findings Study 1 demonstrated the mediating effect of perceived interpersonal skills in the relations between front desk agent attractiveness and participant positive word-of-mouth and service satisfaction. Study 2 reaffirmed this finding and showed that the attractiveness of servers positively impacted participants’ perceptions of the servers’ interpersonal skill and participants’ tipping behavior. Furthermore, the relation between attractiveness and interpersonal skills was moderated by servers’ genders and participants’ levels of self-esteem, such that the effect was stronger in response to female servers for participants with relatively low self-esteem. In addition, the effect of the three-way interaction among server gender, server’s level of attractiveness, and participant’s level of self-esteem on tipping was mediated by participant’s perceived interpersonal skills. Originality/value This paper investigated the under-researched constructs of participants’ self-esteem and service providers’ gender and their moderating roles within the service context. These results suggest that responses to service providers can be impacted by the attractiveness and gender of the provider and customers’ self-esteems, despite equivalent objective performance of the provider.

EXAMINING INTERCULTURAL COMPETENCIES AMONG BOSNIAN HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 27-44
Author(s):  
Senad Bećirović ◽  
◽  
Belma Delić ◽  
Amna Brdarević-Čeljo
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Intercultural Competence ◽  
School Students ◽  
Grade Point ◽  
Grade Levels ◽  
Intercultural Competencies ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Ending Process ◽  
The Impact

A period of globalisation and the interconnectedness of people across the world has increased the demand for greater intercultural competences among young people in particular. Being interculturally competent entails modifying behaviour in culturally appropriate ways when establishing contact with diverse cultures. The development of this competence is a long and never-ending process that which is influenced by a variety of factors, some of the most important being school policies, surroundings, individual work, personal needs and curiosity. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the impact of grade level, grade point average (GPA) and gender on intercultural competences by distributing the questionnaire developed by Portalla and Chen (2010) to 211 Bosnian high school students. The results showed that the students’ grade levels and GPAs did not have a statistically significant influence on their intercultural competences, whereas gender only had a significant impact on their intercultural competences on the Interactant Respect subscale. Due to the fact that the students should be taught intercultural competence at school, their competence is expected to improve in each study grade; thus, based on the students’ GPAs, this study may help teachers to identify a gap in their instruction and to modify their teaching content so that it contributes to the development of the students’ intercultural competence, as well as to the promotion of the importance thereof.

RIGID LOW COLLEGE PREMIUMS AND THE EXPANSION OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN TAIWAN

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (04) ◽  
pp. 1550022 ◽  
Author(s):  
LI-HSUAN HUANG ◽  
HSIN-YI HUANG
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
High School ◽  
College Graduates ◽  
High School Graduates ◽  
Cohort Effect ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Elasticity Of Substitution ◽  
Export Structure ◽  
Expansion Of Higher Education

The rapid expansion of higher education in the late 1980s in Taiwan has resulted in a swift increase in the supply of highly-educated workers in the labor market. This research differs from past studies in that it analyzes the effect of the rapid expansion in higher education in Taiwan with emphasis on the cohort effect, specifically examining the effect of changes both in intra-cohort relative supply and the aggregate relative supply on college returns. Besides, when estimating the aggregate relative supply of college graduates, this study takes into account the substitutability between younger and older educated workers. We present evidence that the expansion policy has significantly depressed college premiums for workers of all ages, but the adverse effect is particularly concentrated among the younger cohorts. Furthermore, we found the elasticity of substitution between college and high school graduates to be 3–4 times higher than in developed countries. We also found the important role played by the demand side, likely linked to technological progress and changes in export structure toward the more technologically intensive. As a consequence, the expansion of higher education and increase in the relative demand for higher-educated workers, along with high elasticity of substitution between college and high school graduates, led to the rigid low college premiums.

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