scholarly journals Evaluation Des Attaques De Termites (Isoptera Brulle, 1832) Sur Quatre Essences Forestieres D’importance Economique Au Togo (Afrique De L’ouest)

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Norbert B.K. Gbenyedji ◽  
Boris Dodji Kasseney ◽  
Seth Wolali Nyamador ◽  
Banibéa Bassan Sanbena ◽  
Adzo Dzifa Kokutsè ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Wood Structures ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Pterocarpus Erinaceus ◽  
Termite Attack ◽  
Local Species ◽  
Amitermes Evuncifer ◽  
Considerable Damage

Termites are one of the most abundant invertebrates in tropical ecosystems, where they play a major ecological role in litter decomposition. Despite their important role, termites can cause considerable damage to wood structures in most tropical countries. The aims of this study was to evaluate termite attack in four economically important species in Togo including Antiaris africana Engl (Moraceae), Pterocarpus erinaceus Poir (Fabaceae), Triplochiton scleroxylon Schum (Malvaceae) (all local species) and teak or Tectona grandis Linné (Lamiaceae). For the latter species, termites were infested on 83.49% of 630 feet examined. However, the rate and type attacks differ from one plantation to another. On the studied forest species, termites were collected on about 97% of Triplochiton scleroxylon feet. For this species, at least 31% of examined feet have had their wood attacked. For the other two species, Pterocarpus erinaceus and Antiaris africana respectively about 80% and 67% of examined feet were attacked by termites. Amitermes evuncifer, Ancistrotermes guineensis and Microtermes lepidus were species of termite often harvested from trees examined. However the last two species namely A. guineensis and M. lepidus are encountered on the bark of trees inside veneers unlike A. evuncifer harvested in the heart of the wood. Therefore, the latter species deserves special attention as likely to cause serious damage not only to these species but also other species not taken into account in this study. It is therefore necessary to consider adequate control methods against these species.

scholarly journals Morphological Variability of Pterocarpus erinaceus Poir. in Togo

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Benziwa N. Johnson ◽  
Marie Luce A. Quashie ◽  
Kossi Adjonou ◽  
Kossi N. Segla ◽  
Adzo D. Kokutse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
West African ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Terminal Leaflet ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Morphological Descriptors ◽  
Pterocarpus Erinaceus ◽  
Relevant Variables

Pterocarpus erinaceus Poir. (Fabaceae), also called Vène or West African rosewood, is a multipurpose endemic forest species of Sahelo-Sudanian and Sudano-Guinean savannas and forests of West Africa. In Togo, the species is overexploited, which dangerously hinders its survival. The need and emergency of restoring declining stands, using seeds, or propagating material suggests an assessment of its morphological variability. The purpose of this study is to identify the discriminating morphological descriptors, allowing us to describe and also to characterize the species. Five provenances distributed over the whole geographical distribution area in Togo were evaluated for leaf (7 descriptors), fruit (4 descriptors), and seed (4 descriptors) traits. The coefficient of variation (CV) and the principal component analysis (PCA) are used to assess the variability among tree populations. Results show that the discriminating morphological descriptors for P. erinaceus in Togo are the width of the leaf and the terminal leaflet, the length and the width of the fruit, and length and the weight of the seed. These six main relevant variables allow us to discriminate three morphological groups of P. erinaceus population.

scholarly journals Current and Future Distribution of Five Timber Forest Species in Amazonas, Northeast Peru: Contributions towards a Restoration Strategy

Diversity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilton B. Rojas Briceño ◽  
Dany A. Cotrina Sánchez ◽  
Elgar Barboza Castillo ◽  
Miguel Ángel Barrena Gurbillón ◽  
Fausto O. Sarmiento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Degradation ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Degraded Forest ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Restoration Potential ◽  
Ecological Success

Forest and land degradation is a serious problem worldwide and the Peruvian National Map of Degraded Areas indicates that 13.78% (177,592.82 km2) of the country’s territory is degraded. Forest plantations can be a restoration strategy, while conserving economically important species affected by climate change and providing forestry material for markets. This study modelled the species distribution under current conditions and climate change scenarios of five Timber Forest Species (TFS) in the Amazonas Department, northeastern Peru. Modelling was conducted with Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) using 26 environmental variables. Of the total distribution under current conditions of Cedrelinga cateniformis, Ceiba pentandra, Apuleia leiocarpa, Cariniana decandra and Cedrela montana, 34.64% (2985.51 km2), 37.96% (2155.86 km2), 35.34% (2132.57 km2), 33.30% (1848.51 km2), and 35.81% (6125.44 km2), respectively, correspond to degraded areas and, therefore, there is restoration potential with these species. By 2050 and 2070, all TFS are projected to change their distribution compared to their current ranges, regardless of whether it will be an expansion and/or a contraction. Consequently, this methodology is intended to guide the economic and ecological success of forest plantations in reducing areas degraded by deforestation or similar activities.

scholarly journals Soil fertility characterisation of teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) plantations in Central America

Soil Research ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús Fernández-Moya ◽  
Alfredo Alvarado ◽  
Rafael Mata ◽  
Helga Thiele ◽  
Jose Manuel Segura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Central America ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Important Species ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Teak Plantations ◽  
Fertility Problems ◽  
Tectona Grandis L.F

Teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) is an important species in the worldwide quality tropical hardwood sector, which has gained significance in Central America since the first large plantations were established in the 1980s. The present work is a descriptive study that aims to: (1) analyse and characterise the general soil patterns which may be influencing teak plantations in Central America; (2) assess differences between countries and sub-regions; (3) create a global framework to help contextualise the soil fertility analyses conducted at sub-regional or farm level, and (4) determine the main problems associated with soil fertility in the region. Soil fertility was measured at 684 sites in Costa Rica, Guatemala and Panama. Although teak is considered to be a species with high soil nutrient requirements, and high fertility is usually assumed in teak plantations, the results show that this species has been planted in a wide variety of soils, including many with serious fertility problems (e.g. Ultisols and perhaps Oxisols) or with added difficulties due to their physical properties (e.g. Vertisols). The present analysis reveals a general K deficiency in the Central American teak plantations, where P deficiency and acidity toxicity are also relatively common problems. These soil fertility problems probably stem from poor site selection by forest managers in the 80s and 90s. Hence, although soil fertility is carefully evaluated when most teak plantations are established today, managers have to deal with soil fertility deficiencies in many sites where teak was established some years ago.

scholarly journals Development of the cultivar xaraés under different concentrations of teak sawdust

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1497-1509
Author(s):  
Carlos Alberto Ramos Domiciano ◽  
Reginaldo Antonio Medeiros ◽  
Carlos Adriano Teixeira ◽  
Milson Evaldo Serafim ◽  
Juberto Babilônia de Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Decomposition Of Organic Matter ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Fresh And Dry Mass ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha ◽  
Tectona Grandis L.F

Tectona grandis L.f. (Teak) is a highly cultivated forest species in Brazil. When industrially processed, it generates a large amount of sawdust, a waste that has limited reuse and accumulates in the industrial yards. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of fresh teakwood sawdust on the development of Urochloa brizantha (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) R.D.Webster cv. Xaraés in a nursery. The treatments consisted of concentrations of 0, 5, 10, 20, 33 and 50% of sawdust, arranged in four randomized blocks in split-plots. At 45, 75 and 120 days, plant heigh (h), average tillers diameter (d), number of live (nll) and dead leaves per plant, fresh and dry mass of shoots and roots, and Dickson's quality index (dqi) were measured.  There was a decrease in h growth, d, nll, fresh and dry mass of shoots and roots and in the dqi of the cv. Xaraés as it increased to concentration of wood sawdust in the substrate. This negative effect can be attributed to the high C/N ratio of sawdust (196/1), which influences the decomposition of organic matter. In addition, the possible Teak allelopathic effects, which are the subject of other studies, should be considered. Unlike the other variables, number of live leaves was not influenced by the treatment with 5% sawdust. Teakwood sawdust has negative effects on the U. brizantha cv. Xaraés development.

scholarly journals Traditional Knowledge and Medicinal Importance of African Rosewood (Pterocarpus Erinaceus Poir, Fabaceae) Across Sociolinguistic Groups in Benin

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine OUINSAVI ◽  
Bienvenue Nawan SOUROU KUIGA ◽  
Appolinaire WEDJANGNON ◽  
Towanou HOUETCHEGNON ◽  
Yanik AKIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Relative Citation ◽  
Habitat Variation ◽  
Pterocarpus Erinaceus ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

Abstract Background Pterocarpus erinaceus Poir. is a spontaneous species from the three ecological zones of Benin. It is multipurpose species integrated to the socio-economic and cultural livelihood of populations, especially in rural areas. This study examined the different uses made of the organs of Pterocarpus erinaceus in Benin in relation to sociolinguistic diversity with a view to highlighting the knowledge of local populations on Pterocarpus erinaceus and the threats to the species. Methods A total of 355 respondents, spread over 18 townships in Benin, were interviewed using a questionnaire. About 57 uses shared into 7 categories of use have been identified from the different sociolinguistic and socio-professional groups. Relative citation frequencies (FRC) of each habitat were then calculated for the description of habitat variation according to Ecological zones (EZ). In order to describe the diversification of the categories of uses and the organs / part of the tree, Principal component analyzes are carried out on the matrices comprising relative citation frequencies (FRC) grouping together the socio-demographic factors and the categories of use under the packages FactoMineR and factoextra Results This study revelated that the wood of Pterocarpus erinaceus is used (25.43%) in crafts, as charcoal, and service wood, while the leaves are mainly used (23.14%) as fodder and by traditional medecine. Concerning the roots and bark, they are used (27.14%) not only for evil spirits and bewitchment but also in animal medecine in cattle. About 60 diseases and symptoms are cured by the various organs of Pterocarpus erinaceus. These different uses of Pterocarpus erinaceus varied from one sociolinguistic group to another. Conclusion The study showed that all organs of Pterocarpus erinaceus are used in various forms of use for various purposes and make it an important species for rural communities. This result suggests the need to define conservation strategies for natural stands of Pterocarpus erinaceus for the sustainable management of the species.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF CONTROL METHODS FOR SOSNOWSKY'S HOGWEED HERACLEUM SOSNOWSKYI IN REZEKNE MUNICIPALITY: THE RESULTS OF A SURVEY OF EXPERTS

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (8) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Anda Zvaigzne ◽  
Inta Kotane ◽  
Anna Mezaka
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
The Public ◽  
Expert Opinions ◽  
Land Owners ◽  
Local Species ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
Data Grouping ◽  
Control Application

An increasing number of scientists as well as the public discuss the spread of invasive alien species that replace local species. One of such species is Sosnowsky’s hogweed that creates problems to land owners and managers as well as local residents in Rezekne municipality.The aim of the paper is to assess expert opinions on the application of control methods for Sosnowsky’s hogweed in Rezekne municipality. To achieve the aim, the following specific research tasks were set: 1) to describe the situation with the spread of Sosnowsky’s hogweed in Rezekne municipality; 2) to identify the most effective methods of control for Sosnowsky's hogweed and their application in Rezekne municipality by employing the expert method.Research methods used: monographic, descriptive, analysis, synthesis, data grouping and a sociological method – an expert survey/interview. Kendall’s W was employed to analyse the extent of agreement among the experts.The research results showed that in general the experts were quite unanimous (W=0.59) and regarded the combined method, chemical control (application of herbicides) and soil tillage as the most effective methods to control Sosnowsky's hogweed. Also, the experts supposed that land owners and managers in Rezekne municipality did not choose the most effective and efficient control methods for Sosnowsky's hogweed.The paper has been elaborated with the financial support of Rezekne Academy of Technologies provided through a research grant.

scholarly journals Field Competitiveness of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) Irradiated Males in Pilot Sterile Insect Technique Trials in Northern Italy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romeo Bellini ◽  
Marco Carrieri ◽  
Fabrizio Balestrino ◽  
Arianna Puggioli ◽  
Marco Malfacini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Sterile Insect Technique ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Wild Female ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases

Abstract Vector-borne diseases account for 17% of infectious diseases, leading to more than one million deaths each year. Mosquitoes are responsible for 90% of the casualties and alternative control methods to insecticides are urgently needed, especially against Aedes vectors. Aedes albopictus is a particularly important species, causing major public health problems because it is a vector of several arboviruses and has a strong invasive behavior. Various genetic control methods have been proposed to be integrated into the management strategies of Aedes species, among which the sterile insect technique (SIT), which proved efficient against various insect pests and vectors. However, the ability of released irradiated sterile male mosquitoes to compete with their wild counterparts and induce sterility in wild females, which is critical to the success of this strategy, remained poorly defined. Here, we assessed the field competitiveness of Ae. albopictus irradiated male using data from eight release trials implemented in Northern Italy for 3 yr. Sterile males were capable of inducing a good level of sterility in the wild female population, however, with high variability in time and space. The field competitiveness of the released males was strongly negatively correlated with the ratio of sterile to wild males. This should be taken into consideration when designing future programs to suppress field populations of Aedes mosquitoes.

scholarly journals Weissella viridescens in meat products – a review

2013 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Dušková ◽  
Josef Kameník ◽  
Renata Karpíšková
Keyword(s):  
Meat Products ◽  
Molecular Methods ◽  
Separate Group ◽  
Meat Industry ◽  
Not Given ◽  
Basic Information ◽  
Meat Processing ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Sensory Defects ◽  
Considerable Damage

Although ubiquitous, bacteria of theWeissellagenus are not given sufficient attention. Many members of the genus were originally classified asLeuconostocorLactobacillus. With the development of molecular methods, these phylogenetically closely related bacteria formed a separate group, theWeissellagenus. Due to its heterofermentative metabolism,Weissellaspp. may cause considerable damage particularly in the meat industry. Slime formation and greening of meat products are sensory defects for which the technologically important speciesWeissella viridescensis responsible. This article summarizes basic information about the influence ofWeissella viridescenson meat processing.

scholarly journals Susceptibility of Some Eastern Forest Species to Phytophthora ramorum

Plant Disease ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul W. Tooley ◽  
Kerrie L. Kyde
Keyword(s):  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Selective Medium ◽  
Phytophthora Ramorum ◽  
Northern Red Oak ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
White Oak ◽  
Susceptible Host ◽  
Important Species

We tested some common Eastern forest species for their reaction to stem and leaf inoculation with Phytophthora ramorum, the pathogen that causes sudden oak death. Stem lesions were produced on inoculated seedlings of 12 Eastern forest species following 72 to 76 days of incubation in a containment greenhouse cubicle at 20°C. Chestnut oak (Quercus prinus) and white oak (Q. alba) were followed by northern red oak (Q. rubra) in susceptibility to stem inoculation. Sugar maple (Acer saccharum) and black walnut (Juglans nigra) were more resistant to stem inoculation than most of the oak species tested. P. ramorum was isolated on selective medium at distances of up to 8 mm from stem lesion margins. Foliar lesions were observed within 7 days when seedlings were inoculated with 5,000 sporangia/ml followed by incubation at 20°C in a dew chamber. Chestnut oak was followed by tanoak (Lithocarpus densiflorus) and coast live oak (Q. agrifolia) in susceptibility to P. ramorum by foliar inoculation. Chestnut oak, an ecologically important species in parts of the Eastern United States, emerged as the most susceptible host tested in both stem and foliar inoculations. The results indicate that, under controlled conditions, P. ramorum is able to infect some important Eastern forest species and cause lesions on stems and foliage. It remains to be determined whether infection of these species by P. ramorum would occur under natural conditions.

scholarly journals The termite resistance of pinosylvin, stilbene and other new insecticides

1969 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 338-342
Author(s):  
George N. Wolcott
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Natural Resistance ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
The West ◽  
Specific Chemical ◽  
East Indian ◽  
Termite Attack ◽  
Dry Wood ◽  
Insect Attack

The natural resistance to termite attack of some woods has long been known, but chemical analyses, to determine the specific chemical constituents responsible, have rarely been made. Until very recently almost the only exception seems to have been in the case of East Indian teak, Tectona grandis L. The well-known resistance to weathering, decay and insect attack of teakwood is apparently due to the presence of beta-methylanthraquinone (tectoquinone). A ten minute submersion in a 1% solution in acetone of tectoquinone will indefinitely protect susceptible woods against attack by the West Indian dry-wood termite, Cryptotermes brevis Walker, (Wolcott 1946). The partly-eaten keys of a piano (of which one key had already been replaced with a duplicate made of mahogany), heavily infested with these termites, have thus been successfully protected against further injury, despite the fact that the untreated remainder of the piano is falling to pieces, so rapidly is its oak case being devoured.

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