scholarly journals Physical and Biochemical Characterization of Sweet Corn Ears of Four Varieties Grown in Senegal

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (33) ◽  
pp. 232
Author(s):  
Nafissatou Diop Ndiaye ◽  
Mady Cisse ◽  
Fatou Diop Mbacke ◽  
Abou Diop ◽  
Saliou Ndiaye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Corn Production ◽  
Biochemical Characteristics ◽  
Underutilized Crop

Sweet corn is an underutilized crop for human consumption in Senegal. In this study, physical and biochemical characterization were performed on four sweet corn ear varieties grown at three different fertilization rate of 15N-15-P-15K. Treatment F1 was 40 tons/Ha horse-dung + 200 kg/Ha of 15N-15P-15K, treatment F2 was 30 tons/Ha horse-dung + 150 kg/Ha of 15N-15P-15K) and treatment F3 was 50 tons/Ha horse-dung + 250 kg/Ha of 15N-15P-15K. Results showed that Yosemite cultivar gave the highest number of kernels/ear (672.3), followed respectively by Legacy (642), Excellis Garrison (585.6) and Infinity (573). Furthermore, treatments using fertilizer 3 (F3: 50 tons/Ha horse-dung + 250 kg/Ha of 15N-15P-15K) led to the highest number of kernels/ear in all cultivars used. Interestingly, Legacy cultivar gave more reducing sugars (5.1 ± 0.8 g.100g -1 ) with treatment F1; treatment F3 provided less reducing sugars (2.1 ± 0.6 g.100g -1 ) and more starch (14.4 ± 0.5 g.100g -1 ). Overall, physical and biochemical characteristics were influenced to at least some extent by fertilization treatments related to the cultivar used. Yosemite and Legacy cultivars would be more suitable for canned sweet corn production in the conditions studied. Sangalkam seems to be more suitable for sweet corn production.

scholarly journals Biochemical Characterization of the Flagellar Rod Components of Rhodobacter sphaeroides: Properties and Interactions

2015 ◽  
Vol 198 (3) ◽  
pp. 544-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Osorio-Valeriano ◽  
Javier de la Mora ◽  
Laura Camarena ◽  
Georges Dreyfus
Keyword(s):  
Rhodobacter Sphaeroides ◽  
Basal Body ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
High Molecular Mass ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Biochemical Characteristics ◽  
Outer Membranes ◽  
Architectural Features ◽  
Rotary Motor

ABSTRACTThe flagellar basal body is a rotary motor that spans the cytoplasmic and outer membranes. The rod is a drive shaft that transmits torque generated by the motor through the hook to the filament that propels the bacterial cell. The assembly and structure of the rod are poorly understood. In a first attempt to characterize this structure in the alphaproteobacteriumRhodobacter sphaeroides, we overexpressed and purified FliE and the four related rod proteins (FlgB, FlgC, FlgF, and FlgG), and we analyzed their ability to form homo-oligomers. We found that highly purified preparations of these proteins formed high-molecular-mass oligomers that tended to dissociate in the presence of NaCl. As predicted byin silicomodeling, the four rod proteins share architectural features. Using affinity blotting, we detected the heteromeric interactions between these proteins. In addition, we observed that deletion of the N- and C-terminal regions of FlgF and FlgG severely affected heteromeric but not homomeric interactions. On the basis of our findings, we propose a model of rod assembly in this bacterium.IMPORTANCEDespite the considerable amount of research on the structure and assembly of other flagellar axial structures that has been conducted, the rod has been barely studied. An analysis of the biochemical characteristics of the flagellar rod components of the Fla1 system ofR. sphaeroidesis presented in this work. We also analyze the interactions of these proteins with each other and with their neighbors, and we propose a model for the order in which they are assembled.

scholarly journals Prebiotic Properties of Bacillus Coagulans MA 13: Production of Galactoside Hydrolyzing Enzymes and Characterization of the Transglycosylation Properties of a GH42 β-Galactosidase

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Aulitto ◽  
Strazzulli Andrea ◽  
Ferdinando Sansone ◽  
Flora Cozzolino ◽  
Maria Monti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Glycosyl Hydrolase ◽  
Bacillus Coagulans ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis

Abstract BackgroundThe spore-forming lactic acid bacterium Bacillus coagulans MA-13 has been isolated from canned beans manufacturing and successfully employed for the sustainable production of lactic acid from lignocellulosic biomass. Among lactic acid bacteria, B. coagulans strains are generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for human consumption. Low-cost microbial production of industrially valuable products such as lactic acid and various enzymes devoted to the hydrolysis of oligosaccharides and lactose, is of great importance to the food industry. Specifically, α- and β-galactosidases are attractive for their ability to hydrolyze not-digestible galactosides present in the food matrix as well as in the human gastrointestinal tract.ResultsIn this work we have explored the potential of B. coagulans MA-13 as a source of metabolites and enzymes to improve the digestibility and the nutritional value of food. A combination of mass spectrometry analysis with conventional biochemical approaches has been employed to unveil the intra- and extra- cellular glycosyl hydrolase (GH) repertoire of B. coagulans MA-13 under diverse growth conditions. The highest enzymatic activity was detected on β-1,4 and α-1,6-glycosidic linkages and the enzymes responsible for these activities were unambiguously identified as a β-galactosidase (GH42) and α-galactosidase (GH36), respectively. Whilst the former has been found only in the cytosol, the latter is localized also extracellularly. The export of this enzyme may occur through a not yet identified secretion mechanism, since a typical signal peptide is missing in the α-galactosidase sequence. A full biochemical characterization of the recombinant β-galactosidase has been carried out and the ability of this enzyme to perform homo- and hetero-condensation reactions to produce galacto-oligosaccharides, has been demonstrated. ConclusionsProbiotics which are safe for human use and are capable of producing high levels of both α-galactosidase and β-galactosidase are of great importance to the food industry. In this work we have proven the ability of B. coagulans MA-13 to over-produce these two enzymes that are commonly used for treatment of gastrointestinal diseases. Moreover, B. coagulans MA-13 can be employed for an eco-friendly production of prebiotics from dairy food waste because of the ability of β-galactosidase to synthesize galacto-oligosaccharides from lactose.

scholarly journals Leaf mineral element content and soil characteristics on in vitro antioxidant and enzymatic inhibitory activities of aqueous fennel extracts

2021 ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Nesrine Majdoub ◽  
Soukaina el Guendouz ◽  
Jorge Carlier ◽  
Clara Costa ◽  
Carlos Alberto Correia Guerrero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Foeniculum Vulgare ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Spearman’S Correlation

This study was conducted to evaluate the biochemical characterization of three harvested Foeniculum vulgare plants collected from two bioclimatic zones in order to investigate the soil growing conditions effect. The results showed a great variability of the phenolic amounts and biological properties of samples rely on localities. FvSEN contained the highest amounts of phenolic compounds. These amounts were accompanied by the greatest antioxidant ability through almost studied assays. FvSEN and FvZO were significantly different. In addition, the samples exhibited a significant and variable enzymatic inhibition activity with values ranging from 30 to 50 µg/mL for lipoxygenase assay. But these extracts did not revealed significant differences on their tyrosinase abilities. On the other hand, the levels of mineral elements were also estimated. These contents varied depending on sample and locality. The growing soil conditions of samples in terms of different parameters is likely related to their antioxidant and enzyme inhibition potentialities added to their mineral composition which settled by Spearman’s correlation. These data may confirm the interesting potential of F. vulgare as a valuable source for natural antioxidant molecules but the growing soil conditions can affect all the potentialities of these plants set for human consumption and other uses.

scholarly journals SELECTION OF PEACH GENOTYPES FOR BIOCHEMICAL FRUIT QUALITY CHARACTERIZATION

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
KELI CRISTINA FABIANE ◽  
AMÉRICO WAGNER JÚNIOR ◽  
JULIANO ZANELA ◽  
CRISTIANO HOSSEL ◽  
IDEMIR CITADIN
Keyword(s):  
Functional Foods ◽  
Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Total Proteins ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Organoleptic Characteristics ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACT Peach is much appreciated by consumers and its popularity is mainly related with organoleptic characteristics. However, with emergence of concepts of functional foods (health promoters), there is high interest to study and to quantify the biochemical components of fruits. The aim of this work was to perform the biochemical characterization of peach genotypes, evaluating the genetic diversity and selecting those with desirable biochemical qualities for use as parents in future breeding programs. The experiment was carried out at the Laboratory of Plant Physiology - UTFPR - Campus of Dois Vizinhos, PR (Brazil), with fruits from 26 and 29 peach genotypes (Prunus persica) in the 2009/2010 and 2010/2011 crop years, respectively. The experimental design was entirely randomized, considering each genotype as treatment, using four replicates and four fruits per plot. Total and reducing sugars, total proteins, amino acids, total phenols, anthocyanins, flavonoids and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase enzyme activity (PAL) in fruits were evaluated. According to the results of two crop years, ‘Cascata 967’, ‘Conserva 985’, ‘Kampai’, ‘Tropic Snow’ and ‘Cascata 1055’ were selected as those with the highest levels of these compounds.

scholarly journals The biochemical characterization of aggrecan from normal and tibial-dyschondroplastic chicken growth-plate cartilage

2000 ◽  
Vol 351 (2) ◽  
pp. 517-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris TSELEPIS ◽  
Alvin P. L. KWAN ◽  
David THORNTON ◽  
John SHEEHAN
Keyword(s):  
Growth Plate ◽  
Endochondral Ossification ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Marked Decrease ◽  
Bone Development ◽  
Cartilage Lesion ◽  
Keratan Sulphate ◽  
Biochemical Characteristics ◽  
Tibial Dyschondroplasia

Tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) is a disorder of endochondral ossification characterized by the presence of an avascular, non-mineralized cartilage lesion extending from the growth plate into the metaphysis. Cells within the TD growth plate fail to differentiate to full hypertrophy, and instead appear to maintain a ‘pre-hypertrophic’or ‘transitional’status. Studies of the expression and distribution of cartilage matrix macromolecules in the TD growth plate have shown a marked decrease in the levels of aggrecan in the TD matrix. In the present study we compared the biochemical characteristics of the aggrecan molecules extracted from normal epiphyseal and TD cartilage. We have shown three major differences between normal and TD cartilage aggrecan. These are: (1) increase in molecular mass; (2) increase in the number of keratan sulphate chains; and (3) difference in the pattern of sulphation in TD aggrecan. Such changes in biochemical characteristics of the aggrecan monomers in TD cartilage may be associated with the lack of mineralization of the diseased cartilage. The present study provides a basis for further investigations into the importance of proteoglycans in normal and pathological bone development.

scholarly journals Prebiotic properties of Bacillus coagulans MA-13: production of galactoside hydrolyzing enzymes and characterization of the transglycosylation properties of a GH42 β-galactosidase

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Aulitto ◽  
Andrea Strazzulli ◽  
Ferdinando Sansone ◽  
Flora Cozzolino ◽  
Maria Monti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Glycosyl Hydrolase ◽  
Bacillus Coagulans ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis

Abstract Background The spore-forming lactic acid bacterium Bacillus coagulans MA-13 has been isolated from canned beans manufacturing and successfully employed for the sustainable production of lactic acid from lignocellulosic biomass. Among lactic acid bacteria, B. coagulans strains are generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for human consumption. Low-cost microbial production of industrially valuable products such as lactic acid and various enzymes devoted to the hydrolysis of oligosaccharides and lactose, is of great importance to the food industry. Specifically, α- and β-galactosidases are attractive for their ability to hydrolyze not-digestible galactosides present in the food matrix as well as in the human gastrointestinal tract. Results In this work we have explored the potential of B. coagulans MA-13 as a source of metabolites and enzymes to improve the digestibility and the nutritional value of food. A combination of mass spectrometry analysis with conventional biochemical approaches has been employed to unveil the intra- and extra- cellular glycosyl hydrolase (GH) repertoire of B. coagulans MA-13 under diverse growth conditions. The highest enzymatic activity was detected on β-1,4 and α-1,6-glycosidic linkages and the enzymes responsible for these activities were unambiguously identified as β-galactosidase (GH42) and α-galactosidase (GH36), respectively. Whilst the former has been found only in the cytosol, the latter is localized also extracellularly. The export of this enzyme may occur through a not yet identified secretion mechanism, since a typical signal peptide is missing in the α-galactosidase sequence. A full biochemical characterization of the recombinant β-galactosidase has been carried out and the ability of this enzyme to perform homo- and hetero-condensation reactions to produce galacto-oligosaccharides, has been demonstrated. Conclusions Probiotics which are safe for human use and are capable of producing high levels of both α-galactosidase and β-galactosidase are of great importance to the food industry. In this work we have proven the ability of B. coagulans MA-13 to over-produce these two enzymes thus paving the way for its potential use in treatment of gastrointestinal diseases.

scholarly journals Biochemical characterization of crystals from the dermal iridophores of a chameleon Anolis carolinensis.

1975 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 635-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
S T Rohrlich ◽  
R W Rubin
Keyword(s):  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Crystalline Form ◽  
Anolis Carolinensis ◽  
Biochemical Characteristics

The biochemical characteristics of dermal iridophore crystals from Anolis carolinensis have been investigated. Iridophores isolated by collangenase-hyaluronidase treatment were sonicated and their contents fractionated through sucrose. Pure iridophore crystals so obtained were examined by chromatography and electron diffraction. They were found to be pure hydrated crystalline form. The suggestion is made that the subcrystalline structure of this guanine does not play a role in color production by the iridophore.

scholarly journals Biochemical Characteristics of the Novel Haloalkane Dehalogenase DatA, Isolated from the Plant PathogenAgrobacterium tumefaciensC58

2010 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 1881-1884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khomaini Hasan ◽  
Andrea Fortova ◽  
Tana Koudelakova ◽  
Radka Chaloupkova ◽  
Mayuko Ishitsuka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agrobacterium Tumefaciens ◽  
Plant Pathogen ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Haloalkane Dehalogenase ◽  
Biochemical Characteristics ◽  
Dimeric Structure ◽  
Racemic Mixtures ◽  
Cooperative Kinetics

ABSTRACTWe report the biochemical characterization of a novel haloalkane dehalogenase, DatA, isolated from the plant pathogenAgrobacterium tumefaciensC58. DatA possesses a peculiar pair of halide-stabilizing residues, Asn-Tyr, which have not been reported to play this role in other known haloalkane dehalogenases. DatA has a number of other unique characteristics, including substrate-dependent and cooperative kinetics, a dimeric structure, and excellent enantioselectivity toward racemic mixtures of chiral brominated alkanes and esters.

Plant Pathology Diagnosed by X-Ray Microanalysis

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 974-975
Author(s):  
J. H. Resau ◽  
N. Howell ◽  
S. H. Chang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Plant Pathology ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Green Leaf ◽  
Parasitic Infestation ◽  
X Ray

Spinach grown in Texas developed “yellow spotting” on the peripheral portions of the leaves. The exact cause of the discoloration could not be determined as there was no evidence of viral or parasitic infestation of the plants and biochemical characterization of the plants did not indicate any significant differences between the yellow and green leaf portions of the spinach. The present study was undertaken using electron microscopy (EM) to determine if a micro-nutrient deficiency was the cause for the discoloration.Green leaf spinach was collected from the field and sent by express mail to the EM laboratory. The yellow and equivalent green portions of the leaves were isolated and dried in a Denton evaporator at 10-5 Torr for 24 hrs. The leaf specimens were then examined using a JEOL 100 CX analytical microscope. TEM specimens were prepared according to the methods of Trump et al.

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