scholarly journals SELECTION OF PEACH GENOTYPES FOR BIOCHEMICAL FRUIT QUALITY CHARACTERIZATION

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
KELI CRISTINA FABIANE ◽  
AMÉRICO WAGNER JÚNIOR ◽  
JULIANO ZANELA ◽  
CRISTIANO HOSSEL ◽  
IDEMIR CITADIN
Keyword(s):  
Functional Foods ◽  
Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Total Proteins ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Organoleptic Characteristics ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACT Peach is much appreciated by consumers and its popularity is mainly related with organoleptic characteristics. However, with emergence of concepts of functional foods (health promoters), there is high interest to study and to quantify the biochemical components of fruits. The aim of this work was to perform the biochemical characterization of peach genotypes, evaluating the genetic diversity and selecting those with desirable biochemical qualities for use as parents in future breeding programs. The experiment was carried out at the Laboratory of Plant Physiology - UTFPR - Campus of Dois Vizinhos, PR (Brazil), with fruits from 26 and 29 peach genotypes (Prunus persica) in the 2009/2010 and 2010/2011 crop years, respectively. The experimental design was entirely randomized, considering each genotype as treatment, using four replicates and four fruits per plot. Total and reducing sugars, total proteins, amino acids, total phenols, anthocyanins, flavonoids and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase enzyme activity (PAL) in fruits were evaluated. According to the results of two crop years, ‘Cascata 967’, ‘Conserva 985’, ‘Kampai’, ‘Tropic Snow’ and ‘Cascata 1055’ were selected as those with the highest levels of these compounds.

scholarly journals Mapping and Characterization QTLs for Phenological Traits in Seven Pedigree-connected Peach Families

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zena Rawandoozi ◽  
Timothy Hartmann ◽  
Silvia Carpenedo ◽  
Ksenija Gasic ◽  
Cassia da Silva Linge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Large Tree ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
Sib Families ◽  
Functional Alleles ◽  
Genomic Regions ◽  
Marker Identification

Abstract BackgroundEnvironmental adaptation and expanding harvest seasons are primary goals of most peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] breeding programs. Breeding perennial crops is a challenging task due to their long breeding cycles and large tree size. Pedigree-based analysis using pedigreed families followed by haplotype construction creates a platform for QTL and marker identification, validation, and the use of marker-assisted selection in breeding programs.ResultsPhenotypic data of seven F1 low to medium chill full-sib families were collected over two years at two locations and genotyped using the 9K SNP Illumina array. Three QTLs were discovered for bloom date (BD) and mapped on linkage group 1 (LG1) (172 – 182 cM), LG4 (48 – 54 cM), and LG7 (62 – 70 cM), explaining 17-54%, 11-55%, and 11-18% of the phenotypic variance, respectively. The QTL for ripening date (RD) and fruit development period (FDP) on LG4 was co-localized at the central part of LG4 (40 - 46 cM) and explained between 40-75% of the phenotypic variance. Haplotype analyses revealed SNP haplotypes and predictive SNP marker(s) associated with desired QTL alleles and the presence of multiple functional alleles with different effects for a single locus for RD and FDP.ConclusionsA multiple pedigree-linked families approach validated major QTLs for the three key phenological traits which were reported in previous studies across diverse materials, geographical distributions, and QTL mapping methods. Haplotype characterization of these genomic regions differentiates this study from the previous QTL studies. Our results will provide the peach breeder with the haplotypes for three BD QTLs and one RD/FDP QTL for the creation of predictive DNA-based molecular marker tests to select parents and/or seedlings that have desired QTL alleles and cull unwanted genotypes in early seedling stages.

scholarly journals Biochemical characterization and essentiality ofPlasmodiumfumarate hydratase

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijay Jayaraman ◽  
Arpitha Suryavanshi ◽  
Pavithra Kalale ◽  
Jyothirmai Kunala ◽  
Hemalatha Balaram
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Fumarate Hydratase ◽  
Class I ◽  
Iron Sulfur Cluster ◽  
Mercaptosuccinic Acid ◽  
Nanomolar Range ◽  
Strain Dependent ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACTPlasmodium falciparum(Pf), the causative agent of malaria has an iron-sulfur cluster-containing class I fumarate hydratase (FH) that catalyzes the interconversion of fumarate to malate, a well-known reaction in the tricarboxylic acid cycle. In humans, the same reaction is catalyzed by class II FH that has no sequence or structural homology with the class I enzyme. Fumarate, generated in large quantities in the parasite as a byproduct of AMP synthesis is converted to malate by the action of FH, and subsequently used in the generation of the key metabolites oxaloacetate, aspartate and pyruvate. Here we report on the kinetic characterization of purified recombinant PfFH, functional complementation offhdeficiency inEscherichia coliand mitochondrial localization in the parasite. The substrate analog, mercaptosuccinic acid was found to be a potent inhibitor of PfFH with a Kivalue in the nanomolar range. Knockout of thefhgene was not possible inP. bergheiwhen drug-selection of the transfectants was performed in BALB/c mice while the gene was amenable to knockout when C57BL/6 mice were used as host, thereby indicating mouse-strain dependent essentiality of thefhgene to the parasite.

scholarly journals Physical and Biochemical Characterization of Sweet Corn Ears of Four Varieties Grown in Senegal

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (33) ◽  
pp. 232
Author(s):  
Nafissatou Diop Ndiaye ◽  
Mady Cisse ◽  
Fatou Diop Mbacke ◽  
Abou Diop ◽  
Saliou Ndiaye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Corn Production ◽  
Biochemical Characteristics ◽  
Underutilized Crop

Sweet corn is an underutilized crop for human consumption in Senegal. In this study, physical and biochemical characterization were performed on four sweet corn ear varieties grown at three different fertilization rate of 15N-15-P-15K. Treatment F1 was 40 tons/Ha horse-dung + 200 kg/Ha of 15N-15P-15K, treatment F2 was 30 tons/Ha horse-dung + 150 kg/Ha of 15N-15P-15K) and treatment F3 was 50 tons/Ha horse-dung + 250 kg/Ha of 15N-15P-15K. Results showed that Yosemite cultivar gave the highest number of kernels/ear (672.3), followed respectively by Legacy (642), Excellis Garrison (585.6) and Infinity (573). Furthermore, treatments using fertilizer 3 (F3: 50 tons/Ha horse-dung + 250 kg/Ha of 15N-15P-15K) led to the highest number of kernels/ear in all cultivars used. Interestingly, Legacy cultivar gave more reducing sugars (5.1 ± 0.8 g.100g -1 ) with treatment F1; treatment F3 provided less reducing sugars (2.1 ± 0.6 g.100g -1 ) and more starch (14.4 ± 0.5 g.100g -1 ). Overall, physical and biochemical characteristics were influenced to at least some extent by fertilization treatments related to the cultivar used. Yosemite and Legacy cultivars would be more suitable for canned sweet corn production in the conditions studied. Sangalkam seems to be more suitable for sweet corn production.

scholarly journals Chemical characterization of an Ipecac active germplasm bank – a Brazilian endangered medicinal species

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nádia Elígia Nunes Pinto Paracampo ◽  
Luiz Ricardo Santos de Souza ◽  
Jéssica Caporal Almeida ◽  
Osmar Alves Lameira
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Array Detector ◽  
Germplasm Bank ◽  
Medicinal Species ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
The City ◽  
Selection Of

The active germplasm bank (AGB) of Carapichea ipecacuanha (Brot.) L. Andersson at Embrapa Eastern Amazon, in the city of Belém, PA, was the first of its kind to be opened in Brazil for this endangered medicinal species and holds important accessions for agricultural and reproductive research, including the production of active principles. This study aimed to chemically characterize 42 accessions from that AGB by simultaneously quantifying cephaeline and emetine contents in roots using high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode-array detector (HPLC-DAD). Cephaeline concentrations ranged from ‘undetected’ to 1.76%, whereas emetine concentrations were found between 0.64% and 2.49%. The overall emetine/cephaeline ratio varied from 0.43 to 3.52. The differences among mean concentrations of alkaloids observed by comparing the Scott-Knott test at 5% probability suggest the chemical variation among the samples assessed. Therefore, it is concluded such chemical differences may favor the selection of genetic material for commercial purposes based on the production of emetine and/or cephaeline, likewise may contribute to breeding programs.

scholarly journals Physiological and Molecular Characterization of New Apricot Cultivars Grafted on Different Prunus Rootstocks

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1464
Author(s):  
Patricia Irisarri ◽  
Pilar Errea ◽  
Ana Pina
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression Analysis ◽  
Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Graft Compatibility ◽  
Graft Interface ◽  
Incompatibility Reactions ◽  
New Cultivars

In the last years, an important renewal of plant material from different breeding programs is taking place in apricot in order to improve resistance to biotic stresses, extension of the harvest season, fruit quality, and productivity. However, the graft compatibility of many of these cultivars with most popular Prunus rootstocks is unknown, and this is an essential agronomical trait for their better performance and longevity. Hence, the introduction of new cultivars requires knowledge of the extent and nature of incompatibility reactions before releasing these cultivars on the market. In this study, the determination of graft compatibility was carried out in 13 new apricot cultivars grafted on four Prunus rootstocks: ‘Marianna2624′ (P. cerasifera ×x P. musoniana), ‘Miragreen’ (P. cerasifera × P. davidiana), ‘Mirared’ (P. cerasifera × Nemared), and ‘Montclar’ (P. persica L. seedlings) at early stages of development. By combining cytomorphological, anatomical, and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) gene expression analysis at the graft interface, as well as different vegetative parameters, the results highlighted ‘Miragreen’ and ‘Mirared’ as promising rootstocks for apricot, showing the highest degree of compatibility with more than 90% of the apricot cultivars. These results provide useful information for breeders and growers by selecting the most suitable scion-rootstock for efficient orchard design by planting compatible graft combinations.

scholarly journals Biochemical Characterization of Streptococcus pneumoniae Penicillin-Binding Protein 2b and Its Implication in β-Lactam Resistance

2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 1848-1855 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estelle Pagliero ◽  
Laurent Chesnel ◽  
Julie Hopkins ◽  
Jacques Croizé ◽  
Otto Dideberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Strain Analysis ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Penicillin Binding Protein ◽  
Class B ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACT Extensive use of β-lactam antibiotics has led to the selection of pathogenic streptococci resistant to β-lactams due to modifications of the penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs). PBP2b from Streptococcus pneumoniae is a monofunctional (class B) high-molecular-weight PBP catalyzing the transpeptidation between adjacent stem peptides of peptidoglycan. The transpeptidase domain of PBP2b isolated from seven clinical resistant (CR) strains contains 7 to 44 amino acid changes over the sequence of PBP2b from the R6 β-lactam-sensitive strain. We show that the extracellular soluble domains of recombinant PBP2b proteins (PBP2b*) originating from these CR strains have an in vitro affinity for penicillin G that is reduced by up to 99% from that of the R6 strain. The Thr446Ala mutation is always observed in CR strains and is close to the key conserved motif (S443SN). The Thr446Ala mutation in R6 PBP2b* displays a 60% reduction in penicillin G affinity in vitro compared to that for the wild-type protein. A recombinant R6 strain expressing the R6 PBP2b Thr446Ala mutation is twofold less sensitive to piperacillin than the parental S. pneumoniae strain. Analysis of the Thr446Ala mutation in the context of the PBP2b CR sequences revealed that its influence depends upon the presence of other unidentified mutations.

scholarly journals ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF ACTINOBACTERIA WITH A POTENTIAL TO INHIBIT RICE BLAST FUNGUS MAGNAPORTHE ORYZAE (ANAMORPH PYRICULARIA ORYZAE)

2021 ◽  
pp. 121-125
Author(s):  
THILAGAM R ◽  
BALAGURUNATHAN R ◽  
SANGEETHA M ◽  
HEMALATHA N
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Magnaporthe Oryzae ◽  
Rice Blast ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Antifungal Compound ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Selection Of

Objective: The aims of the present study were to screen the actinobacteria with high potential ability to produce secondary metabolites that have inhibitory activity against plant pathogenic fungi, Magnaporthe oryzae. Production of secondary metabolites was analysis by thin-layer chromatography and bioautography assay. Methods: Screening and selection of potential Streptomyces sp. morphological, cultural, physiological, and biochemical characterization of the screened isolate was carried out. Antifungal compound was confirmed by bioautography assay. Results: Bioautography method use in this study was found to be antifungal fraction from the crude extract. Antifungal secondary metabolites can be readily located on the plates by observing clear zones where active compounds inhibit fungal growth. Conclusion: The bioautography assay shows that this isolates can produce antifungal compound. Therefore, this isolate proves to be a promising microbe which can be further studied for its applications a biocontrol agent against rice blast fungi.

scholarly journals ​Physical and Biochemical Characterization of Eggs of Chicken Crossbreed and Its Comparison with Dahlem Red for Rural Poultry Development

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suruchi Sharma ◽  
Geetanjali Singh ◽  
Rishika Vij ◽  
Varun Sankhyan ◽  
Krishanender Dinesh
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Shape Index ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Total Proteins ◽  
Indigenous Chicken ◽  
Shell Weight ◽  
Egg Hatchability

Background: Crossbreeds of indigenous chicken are suitable for sustainable rural farming practices in developing countries as they are better adapted to local environment than pure breeds. Study was conducted to compare physical and biochemical parameters of egg between indigenous crossbreed of chicken (DND) locally called Himsamridhi and exotic chicken breed Dahlem Red (DR) under similar rearing conditions. Methods: 45 egg samples were collected from DND and 45 from DR. Physical characteristics and biochemical parameters of eggs were determined. Further, effect of these egg characteristics on hatching and progeny health were investigated. Result: External physical characteristics viz. weight, length, breadth, shell weight and total egg surface were significantly (P less than 0.05) higher in DR whereas shape index and shell ratio were significantly (P less than 0.05) higher in DND. Internal physical characteristics viz. yolk, albumen weights and albumen volume were significantly (P less than 0.05) higher in DR whereas Haugh unit was significantly (P less than 0.05) higher in DND. Biochemical parameters viz. total proteins significantly (P less than 0.05) higher in DND and total cholesterol significantly (P less than 0.05) higher in DR. Egg hatchability on fertile egg set basis (FES) and total egg set basis (TES) was higher in DND. Thus, some parameters were better in indigenous crossbreed, such as low cholesterol, higher total proteins, higher hatchability and chick survivability

Molecular Characterization of Parental Lines and Validation of Snp Markers for Disease Resistance in Common Bean

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Matias Gomes-Messias ◽  
Rosana Pereira Vianello ◽  
Joney Pereira Monteiro-Júnior ◽  
Luana Alves Rodrigues ◽  
Ana Paula Simplício Mota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Snp Markers ◽  
Molecular Tools ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Efficiency Of Selection ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract The implementation of molecular tools that help the early selection of genotypes carrying target alleles increases efficiency and reduces the time and costs of breeding programs. The present study aimed the molecular characterization and validation of SNPs targeting disease resistance alleles for assisted selection. A total of 376 common bean lines with contrasting responses for anthracnose and angular leaf spot resistance were used, as well as 149 F2 plants from the cross between BRS Cometa x SEL 1308 (carrying the Anthracnose resistance gene Co-42). Seven of the ten SNP markers evaluated showed potential for assisted breeding: snpPV0025 (Phg-2), snpPV0027 (Phg-5), snpPV0079 (Phg-5), snpPV0046 (Co-u), snpPV0068 (Co-42), snpPV0070 (Co-42) and snpP8282v3-817 (Co-42). Markers snpPV0070 and snpP8282v3-817 showed high efficiency of selection (99.7 and 99.8%, respectively). These markers exhibit great potential to assist in the selection at different stages of the breeding program and may be readily incorporated into marker-assisted selection.

scholarly journals Structural and Biochemical Characterization of the Therapeutic Anabaena variabilis Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase

2008 ◽  
Vol 380 (4) ◽  
pp. 623-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Wang ◽  
Alejandra Gamez ◽  
Holly Archer ◽  
Enrique E. Abola ◽  
Christineh N. Sarkissian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Anabaena Variabilis
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document