Medical Students’ Perception and preferences on Methods of Anatomy Teaching- A survey between public and private institutes of Karachi, Pakistan

Anatomy is an essential and basic subject in the field of human sciences. The reforms and new teaching methodologies has been revolutionizing the world and helping the student in better understanding the anatomical landmarks and specific details in an interactive way. The present study evaluated the mode of anatomy teaching in public and private medical institutes of Karachi along with the opinion of students on the best teaching tool of anatomy. A total of 347 participants from private and public medical colleges of Karachi participated in the study. The data was collected by rotating questionnaires in the classrooms. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. The mean age ± SD of our sample was 19.10 ± 0.77 years. In this study, majority of students from private sector institute were satisfied (58%) with the teaching methodology implemented for teaching Anatomy whereas, about (74%) participants from public sector institutes were not satisfied with the teaching methodology of teaching Anatomy. Students recommended that the use of Anatomy models may help in their better understanding of Anatomy. The present study indicates that public and private medical institutes were still using old multimedia based teaching methods of anatomy and the students were not very satisfied with the mode of teaching in their institutes. Amendments and reforms shall be implemented and efficacious teaching techniques should be applied taking into consideration the opinion of the students to bring out the best understaning in the field of Anatomy.

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Alphabetic Knowledge and Phonological Awareness : A comparison between Malaysian Preschool Children from Public and Private Kindergartens

Journal of Cognitive Sciences and Human Development ◽

10.33736/jcshd.2200.2020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 1-15

Author(s):

Joanna Joo Ying Wang ◽

Julia Ai Cheng Lee

Keyword(s):

Preschool Children ◽

Phonological Awareness ◽

Phonological Processing ◽

Public And Private ◽

Learning To Read ◽

Letter Naming ◽

Private And Public ◽

Comprehensive Test ◽

The Mean ◽

Alphabetic Knowledge

Alphabetic knowledge and phonological awareness are essential skills in learning to read. This research examined the level of acquisition on alphabetic knowledge and phonological awareness among 60 preschoolers from private and public preschools in Kuching, Sarawak. The mean age of the children was 5.58. The children were administered letter name and sound knowledge, and letter naming fluency tests to examine their alphabetic knowledge; Comprehensive Test of Phonological Processing and Yopp-Singer Phoneme Segmentation Test to examine their phonological awareness. Higher achievement in alphabetic knowledge and phonological awareness was found among preschoolers from private preschools compared to those from public preschools. This study discusses the implications for practice and the ways teachers could explicitly foster alphabetic knowledge and phonological awareness skills in the classroom. Keywords: learning to read, alphabetic knowledge, phonological awareness, preschool children.

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Relationship between Socioeconomic Inequalities and Oral Hygiene Indicators in Private and Public Schools in Karachi: An Observational Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17238893 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (23) ◽

pp. 8893

Author(s):

Tamsal Khalid ◽

Syed Sarosh Mahdi ◽

Mariam Khawaja ◽

Raheel Allana ◽

Francesco Amenta

Keyword(s):

Oral Health ◽

Public School ◽

Private Schools ◽

School Children ◽

Oral Hygiene ◽

Private School ◽

World Health ◽

Public And Private ◽

Private And Public ◽

The Mean

Background: The study investigated the relationship between socioeconomic status and oral hygiene indicators in two schools located in Karachi, Pakistan. Oral hygiene indicators of public and private school children were compared. Private schools cater to children of relatively wealthier families compared to public school, whose attendees are generally children from less affluent backgrounds. The aim of this study was to determine whether socio-economic differences and inequalities have an impact on key oral hygiene indicators. Methodology: Primary data for this research was collected from community school visits conducted by the community dentistry department of Jinnah Medical and Dental and Medical College from January to September 2019. A convenience sample of the two schools, comprising 300 school students was selected. Data was collected using modified World Health Organization (WHO) oral health care forms. A pre-tested/customized dental hygiene form based on WHO forms was created by the research team. This form was used to measure DMFT/dmft scores and key oral hygiene indicators in the sample. Results: A total sample size of 300 school-children affiliated with public and private schools was selected. The children’s age ranged from 2 to 18 years. The mean DMFT scores of private and public-school children were not significantly different (private (1.82) vs. public (1.48)). (p = 0.257). The mean of carious teeth was 1.69 in private school children compared to 1.34 in government school children, whereas the mean values of other key indicators of oral hygiene including plaque deposition (p = 0.001), dental stains (p < 0.001) and bleeding gums/gingivitis (p < 0.001), were statistically significant between public and private school children. Conclusion: Oral health inequalities can be reduced with increased awareness and public funding to cater for the oral health needs of children of less affluent families. A dynamic and practical community-oriented program is fundamental for enhancing pediatric oral hygiene status, particularly for children attending government schools.

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Nurse and midwife educators’ experiences of translating teaching methodology knowledge into practice in Rwanda

International Journal of Nursing Education Scholarship ◽

10.1515/ijnes-2020-0031 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jean Pierre Ndayisenga ◽

Marilyn K Evans ◽

Yolanda Babenko-Mould ◽

Madeleine Mukeshimana

Keyword(s):

Teaching Practices ◽

Clinical Teaching ◽

Teaching Methodology ◽

Teaching Methodologies ◽

Knowledge And Skills ◽

Post Secondary ◽

Individual Interviews ◽

Private And Public ◽

Qualitative Descriptive

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to explore how nurse and midwife educators applied the knowledge and skills acquired from attending acontinuous professional development (CPD) workshop on teaching methodologies into their teaching practices in Rwanda.MethodsA qualitative descriptive design was used with a purposive sample of 15 nursing and midwifery faculty members from six private and public post-secondary schools in Rwanda. Participants were involved in semi-structured individual interviews. Inductive content analysis was used for generating themes.ResultsFive themes emerged describing the educators’ teaching experiences: (1) enhanced teaching practices competencies; (2) application of knowledge and skills gained into classroom and clinical teaching; (3) collaboration and teamwork; (4) facilitators and challenges faced to the application of the knowledge and skills into practice; and (5) indirect outcomes to maternal, newborn, and child health care.ConclusionCPD workshops about teaching methodologies for nurse and midwife educators offer a substantive means of improving the quality of nursing and midwifery undergraduate education in Rwanda. There is, however, an ongoing need to address existing barriers to applying knowledge and skills to the practice of teaching.

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Spelling performance of public and private school students: A comparative study

Estudos de Psicologia (Campinas) ◽

10.1590/1982-02752017000300008 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 399-410

Author(s):

Maria Nobre SAMPAIO ◽

Natália FUSCO ◽

Ana Carla Leite ROMERO ◽

Amanda Corrêa do AMARAL ◽

Simone Aparecida CAPELLINI

Keyword(s):

Private School ◽

Grade Level ◽

School Students ◽

Public And Private ◽

Mean Values ◽

Public School Students ◽

Spelling Performance ◽

Spelling Test ◽

Private And Public ◽

The Mean

Abstract To characterize and compare the spelling performance of private and public students. Three hundred 1st-5th graders from public and private schools in the city of Marília, São Paulo, Brazil, were evaluated, totalizing 30 students from each grade, respectively. Collective and individual versions of the Pró-Ortografia test (a renowned Brazilian spelling test) were administered. There were significant inter-group differences indicating that private school students achieved higher performance. The mean values of correct answers of higher grade level students were statistically greater than those of the lower grade level students. The results indicated that the mean values of correct answers of all versions of the spelling test administered increased across grades for both private and public school students. However, the data evaluated showed that private school students attained higher spelling performance than public school students from the 2nd grade onwards.

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Urban Transport

10.1093/oso/9780190889760.003.0005 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

José van

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Urban Transport ◽

Transport Sector ◽

Public And Private ◽

Transport Services ◽

Ride Sharing ◽

The World ◽

Private And Public ◽

Selection Mechanisms

Platformization affects the entire urban transport sector, effectively blurring the division between private and public transport modalities; existing public–private arrangements have started to shift as a result. This chapter analyzes and discusses the emergence of a platform ecology for urban transport, focusing on two central public values: the quality of urban transport and the organization of labor and workers’ rights. Using the prism of platform mechanisms, it analyzes how the sector of urban transport is changing societal organization in various urban areas across the world. Datafication has allowed numerous new actors to offer their bike-, car-, or ride-sharing services online; selection mechanisms help match old and new complementors with passengers. Similarly, new connective platforms are emerging, most prominently transport network companies such as Uber and Lyft that offer public and private transport options, as well as new platforms offering integrated transport services, often referred to as “mobility as a service.”

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Private Education

10.1093/oso/9780195037104.001.0001 ◽

1986 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Keyword(s):

Public Education ◽

Division Of Labor ◽

Private Education ◽

Point Of View ◽

The Other ◽

Public And Private ◽

Non Profit ◽

Or Groups ◽

Private And Public ◽

The Relationship

This book focuses on the relationship between private and public education in a comparative context. The contributors emphasize the relationship between private choices and public policy as they affect the division of labor between public and private non-profit schools, colleges, and universities. Their essays examine the kinds of choices offered by each sector, as well as the effects of present and proposed public policies on the intersectoral division of labor. Written from neither a pro-private nor a pro-public point of view, the contributors point to the ways in which they believe one sector or the other may be preferable for certain goals or groups.

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Racial Regard and Physical Health Among Low-Income Black Caregivers of Children With and Without Asthma

Journal of Black Psychology ◽

10.1177/00957984211059696 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 009579842110596

Author(s):

Rachel L. Holder ◽

Marcia A. Winter ◽

Jessica Greenlee ◽

Akea Robinson ◽

Katherine W. Dempster ◽

...

Keyword(s):

African American ◽

Physical Health ◽

Low Income ◽

Short Form ◽

Black Parents ◽

Public And Private ◽

Black Caregivers ◽

Children With Asthma ◽

Private And Public ◽

Public Regard

The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between child health, parent racial regard, and parent physical health in 87 African American and Black parents/caregivers of children with and without asthma from a low-income, under-resourced urban area. Participants completed the Private and Public Regard subscales of the Multidimensional Inventory of Black Identity (MIBI) and 12-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12). Parents of children with asthma reported having poorer physical health, while those with higher public and private racial regard reported better physical health. The association between public regard and physical health was surpassed by an interaction of child asthma status and public regard: as public regard decreased, so did physical health, but only for parents raising a child with asthma. Findings suggest that the stresses associated with raising a child with chronic illness and perceiving lower public racial regard may together confer additional risk for poor physical health in African American and Black parents.

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Influences of Pharmaceutical Industry on Prescription Practices in Public and Private Hospitals of Islamabad- Pakistan

Pakistan Journal of Public Health ◽

10.32413/pjph.v11i1.284 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 24-29

Author(s):

Ahmed Latif ◽

Muhammad Siddique Ansari ◽

Muhammad Ibrahim Ansari ◽

Rabia Malik ◽

Abdul Ahad Sohoo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cost Effective ◽

Public Hospitals ◽

Capital City ◽

Pharmaceutical Companies ◽

Public And Private ◽

Prescription Practices ◽

Medication Therapy ◽

Private And Public ◽

The Times ◽

Depth Interviews

Background: To explore the influences of pharmaceutical companies on prescription practices and to find out types of incentives of pharmaceutical companies on medical doctors in private and public hospitals in Islamabad, the capital city of Pakistan Methods: A qualitative exploratory study was conducted in 06 months May-Oct: 2017 in Islamabad (Capital City of Pakistan). Data were collected from doctors and pharmaceuticals representatives through snowballing sampling techniques through open ended questionnaire in which In-depth interviews were taken. In depth interviews were recorded, transcribed and coded. Qualitative sub-component was included to triangulate the data, sub themes and themes were generated. Results: Respondent’s prescription is a basically document in which we suggest minimum effective medication therapy to the patient, that is also cost effective and give maximum treatment to the patient. Few of the respondents are also agreeing on the point that most of the times patient itself influences to prescribe the particular product. Patient itself influences to prescribe the particular product that is redundant in its treatment regimen. Other respondents stated that prescription is varying from patient to patient and our priority is to give the medicine to the patient which shows good efficacy. Conclusion: Most doctors were maintaining protocol of prescription and using brand name of medicine. Pharmacists were visiting them on regular basis conditionally.

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New Priorities and New Directions in African Outreach

Issue A Journal of Opinion ◽

10.1017/s0047160700505071 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 10 (3-4) ◽

pp. 1-4

Author(s):

Marylee Wiley

Keyword(s):

Public Service ◽

Colleges And Universities ◽

Educational Institutions ◽

Community Media ◽

Public And Private ◽

Business Interests ◽

New Directions ◽

Agents Of Change ◽

Private And Public

The concept of outreach has become associated with public service to community, media and business interests, to public and private educational institutions, and to African and Africanist academics at home and abroad lacking access to resources to pursue their studies and research. This paper is concerned chiefly with the role of colleges and universities in African studies outreach, which is not to minimize the importance of other agents of change, private and public, committed to the task of improving the quality and quantity of our understanding and knowledge of African affairs.

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