Improving gut function in pigs to prevent pathogen colonization

2022 ◽  
pp. 399-434
Author(s):  
P. Bosi ◽  
◽  
D. Luise ◽  
P. Trevisi ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pathogen Resistance ◽  
Intestinal Cell ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Intestinal Cell Line ◽  
Intestinal Pathogens ◽  
Gut Mucosa ◽  
Intestinal Pathogen ◽  
Pathogen Colonization ◽  
Dietary Strategies

Intestinal pathogens causing either clinical or sub-clinical infections increase pig morbidity and (or) mortality, resulting in economic losses and wider socio-economic impacts on pig production. An optimally functioning gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is fundamental to combatting intestinal pathogen colonisation at all the stages of life. This requires successful development and maintenance of key gut functions: digestive function; the gastro-intestinal cell line barrier; gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT); and gut-associated microbiota. This chapter first discusses research on genes associated with pathogen resistance and porcine immune response. It then reviews risk factors associated with gut mucosa impairment as well as dietary strategies to control risk factors and improve gut functionality in preventing intestinal pathogen colonisation.

scholarly journals Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis CECT7210 (B. infantis IM-1®) Displays In Vitro Activity against Some Intestinal Pathogens

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3259
Author(s):  
Lorena Ruiz ◽  
Ana Belén Flórez ◽  
Borja Sánchez ◽  
José Antonio Moreno-Muñoz ◽  
Maria Rodriguez-Palmero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infant Health ◽  
Bifidobacterium Longum ◽  
Probiotic Strain ◽  
Intestinal Cell ◽  
Human Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Intestinal Cell Line ◽  
Intestinal Pathogens ◽  
Health Promoting

Certain non-digestible oligosaccharides (NDO) are specifically fermented by bifidobacteria along the human gastrointestinal tract, selectively favoring their growth and the production of health-promoting metabolites. In the present study, the ability of the probiotic strain Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis CECT7210 (herein referred to as B. infantis IM-1®) to utilize a large range of oligosaccharides, or a mixture of oligosaccharides, was investigated. The strain was able to utilize all prebiotics screened. However, galactooligosaccharides (GOS), and GOS-containing mixtures, effectively increased its growth to a higher extent than the other prebiotics. The best synbiotic combination was used to examine the antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Cronobacter sakazakii, Listeria monocytogenes and Clostridium difficile in co-culture experiments. C. difficile was inhibited by the synbiotic, but it failed to inhibit E. coli. Moreover, Cr. sakazakii growth decreased during co-culture with B. infantis IM-1®. Furthermore, adhesion experiments using the intestinal cell line HT29 showed that the strain IM-1® was able to displace some pathogens from the enterocyte layer, especially Cr. sakazakii and Salmonella enterica, and prevented the adhesion of Cr. sakazakii and Shigella sonnei. In conclusion, a new synbiotic (probiotic strain B. infantis IM-1® and GOS) appears to be a potential effective supplement for maintaining infant health. However, further studies are needed to go more deeply into the mechanisms that allow B.infantis IM-1® to compete with enteropathogens.

scholarly journals Prevalence of BRD-Related Viral Pathogens in the Upper Respiratory Tract of Swiss Veal Calves

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1940
Author(s):  
Eveline Studer ◽  
Lutz Schönecker ◽  
Mireille Meylan ◽  
Dimitri Stucki ◽  
Ronald Dijkman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Welfare Economic ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Veal Calves ◽  
Mixed Regression ◽  
Influenza C Virus ◽  
Syncytial Virus

The prevention of bovine respiratory disease is important, as it may lead to impaired welfare, economic losses, and considerable antimicrobial use, which can be associated with antimicrobial resistance. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of respiratory viruses and to identify risk factors for their occurrence. A convenience sample of 764 deep nasopharyngeal swab samples from veal calves was screened by PCR for bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), bovine parainfluenza-3 virus (BPI3V), bovine coronavirus (BCoV), influenza D virus (IDV), and influenza C virus (ICV). The following prevalence rates were observed: BRSV, 2.1%; BPI3V, 3.3%; BCoV, 53.5%; IDV, 4.1%; ICV, 0%. Logistic mixed regression models were built for BCoV to explore associations with calf management and housing. Positive swab samples were more frequent in younger calves than older calves (>100 days; p < 0.001). The probability of detecting BCoV increased with increasing group size in young calves. Findings from this study suggested that young calves should be fattened in small groups to limit the risk of occurrence of BCoV, although an extended spectrum of risk factors for viral associated respiratory disorders such as nutritional aspects should be considered in future studies.

scholarly journals “Masato de Yuca” and “Chicha de Siete Semillas” Two Traditional Vegetable Fermented Beverages from Peru as Source for the Isolation of Potential Probiotic Bacteria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa D. Rebaza-Cardenas ◽  
Kenneth Silva-Cajaleón ◽  
Carlos Sabater ◽  
Susana Delgado ◽  
Nilda D. Montes-Villanueva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Transit ◽  
Probiotic Strain ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Intestinal Cell ◽  
Adhesion Ability ◽  
Intestinal Cell Line ◽  
Carbohydrate Fermentation ◽  
Traditional Vegetable ◽  
Genetic Profiles

AbstractIn this work, two Peruvian beverages “Masato de Yuca,” typical of the Amazonian communities made from cassava (Manihot esculenta), and “Chicha de Siete Semillas,” made from different cereal, pseudo-cereal, and legume flours, were explored for the isolation of lactic acid bacteria after obtaining the permission of local authorities following Nagoya protocol. From an initial number of 33 isolates, 16 strains with different RAPD- and REP-PCR genetic profiles were obtained. In Chicha, all strains were Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (formerly Lactobacillus plantarum), whereas in Masato, in addition to this species, Limosilactobacillus fermentum (formerly Lactobacillus fermentum), Pediococcus acidilactici, and Weissella confusa were also identified. Correlation analysis carried out with their carbohydrate fermentation patterns and enzymatic profiles allowed a clustering of the lactobacilli separated from the other genera. Finally, the 16 strains were submitted to a static in vitro digestion (INFOGEST model) that simulated the gastrointestinal transit. Besides, their ability to adhere to the human epithelial intestinal cell line HT29 was also determined. Following both procedures, the best probiotic candidate was Lac. plantarum Ch13, a robust strain able to better face the challenging conditions of the gastrointestinal tract and showing higher adhesion ability to the intestinal epithelium in comparison with the commercial probiotic strain 299v. In order to characterize its benefit for human health, this Ch13 strain will be deeply studied in further works.

scholarly journals Sero-epidemiological survey of bluetongue disease in one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius) in Kassala State, Eastern Sudan

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Molhima M. Elmahi ◽  
Mohammed O. Hussien ◽  
Abdel Rahim E. Karrar ◽  
Amira M. Elhassan ◽  
Abdel Rahim M. El Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Eastern Sudan

Abstract Background Bluetongue (BT) is a vector-borne viral disease of ruminant and camelid species which is transmitted by Culicoides spp. The causative agent of BT is bluetongue virus (BTV) that belongs to genus Orbivirus of the family Reoviridae. The clinical disease is seen mainly in sheep but mostly sub-clinical infections of BT are seen in cattle, goats and camelids. The clinical reaction of camels to infection is usually not apparent. The disease is notifiable to the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE), causing great economic losses due to decreased trade and high mortality and morbidity rates associated with bluetongue outbreaks. The objective of this study was to investigate the seroprevalence of BTV in camels in Kassala State, Eastern Sudan and to identify the potential risk factors associated with the infection. A cross sectional study using a structured questionnaire survey was conducted during 2015–2016. A total of 210 serum samples were collected randomly from camels from 8 localities of Kassala State. The serum samples were screened for the presence of BTV specific immunoglobulin (IgG) antibodies using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA). Results Seropositivity to BTV IgG was detected in 165 of 210 camels’ sera accounting for a prevalence of 78.6%. Potential risk factors to BTV infection were associated with sex (OR = 0.061, p-value = 0.001) and seasonal river as water source for drinking (OR = 32.257, p-value = 0.0108). Conclusions Sex and seasonal river as water source for drinking were considered as potential risk factors for seropositivity to BTV in camels. The high prevalence of BTV in camels in Kassala State, Eastern Sudan, necessitates further epidemiological studies of BTV infection in camels and other ruminant species to better be able to control BT disease in this region.

Transport characteristics of grepafloxacin and levofloxacin in the human intestinal cell line Caco-2

2001 ◽  
Vol 431 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroaki Yamaguchi ◽  
Ikuko Yano ◽  
Hideyuki Saito ◽  
Ken-ichi Inui
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
Intestinal Cell ◽  
Intestinal Cell Line ◽  
Human Intestinal Cell Line

Extracellular ATP hydrolysis in Caco-2 human intestinal cell line

2021 ◽  
pp. 183679
Author(s):  
J. Schachter ◽  
C.L. Alvarez ◽  
Z. Bazzi ◽  
M.P. Faillace ◽  
G. Corradi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
Atp Hydrolysis ◽  
Extracellular Atp ◽  
Intestinal Cell ◽  
Intestinal Cell Line ◽  
Human Intestinal Cell Line
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