scholarly journals Strategi Kampanye Caleg Kiagus Ishak (PAN) dan Syafruddin (PPP) dalam Pileg 2019 Kota Palembang

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-67
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zuhdi
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Winning Strategy ◽  
Political Strategy ◽  
Political Campaign ◽  
Legislative Elections ◽  
Defensive Strategy ◽  
Campaign Strategy ◽  
Winning Strategies ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Voter Groups

Seeing from the phenomenon of legislative candidates who use various political campaign strategy methods used in competing in the legislative general election is very important, so in this study the author examines the problem of winning strategies that have been carried out by the incumbent legislative candidate from the PAN Party named Kiagus Ishak. Yasin and H. RM. Syafruddin, SE, .MM from the PPP Party as a new legislative candidate running where the two legislative candidates are both local male legislative candidates who come from Palembang aristocratic descent in winning the 2019 legislative elections in Palembang City what caused the success and the failure of the two legislative candidates. This study aims to determine the winning strategy used by the two candidates in their election area. Based on the theory used. The defensive strategy is used when the legislative candidates want to retain the majority or if the vote is achieved, they want to be preserved. This strategy was developed by legislative candidates as a way to maintain votes from the support surrounding the local community. The offensive political strategy is a political campaign strategy used to influence voters, what must be sold or displayed is the difference to the prevailing conditions at that time and the benefits that can be expected from it so that new voter groups can be formed in addition to existing voters. The results of the research conducted by the researchers, among others, were able to find that although both of them both bear the title of clan from the native area of ​​Palembang City, several factors were also found that led to the effectiveness of the strategies used by the two local male legislative candidates above, both Incumbent and incumbent candidates, namely Kiagus Ishak Yasin and a local legislative candidate, a local newcomer, H. RM. Syafruddin, SE, .MM so that it had a direct impact on the legislative candidates who won, namely Kgs Ishak Yasin from the PAN Party and there were also legislative candidates who failed to be elected or lost to H. RM. Syafruddin, SE, .MM from the PPP Party.

Behavioral Marketing as a Political Campaign Strategy

PsycCRITIQUES ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (20) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard W. Ackley ◽  
Joseph F. Caccitolo
Keyword(s):  
Political Campaign ◽  
Campaign Strategy

Bases Loaded

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Costas Panagopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Presidential Elections ◽  
The United States ◽  
Political Campaigns ◽  
Political Campaign ◽  
Voter Mobilization ◽  
Campaign Strategy ◽  
Partisan Polarization ◽  
The Past ◽  
Swing Voters ◽  
Fundamental Shift

Over the past few decades, a fundamental shift in political campaign strategy has been afoot in U.S. elections: Political campaigns have been gradually shifting their attention away from swing voters toward their respective, partisan bases. Independents and weak partisans have been targeted with less frequency, and the emphasis in contemporary elections has been on strong partisans. This book documents this shift—away from persuasion toward base mobilization—in the context of U.S. presidential elections and explains that this phenomenon is likely linked to several developments, including advances in campaign technology and voter-targeting capabilities as well as insights from behavioral social science focusing on voter mobilization. The analyses show the 2000 presidential election represents a watershed cycle that punctuated this shift. The book also explores the implications of the shift toward base mobilization and links these developments to growing turnout rates for strong partisans and attenuating participation among independents or swing voters over time. The book concludes these patterns have contributed to heightened partisan polarization in the United States.

Reading Identity, Reading Essence: A Strategic Essentialist Approach to Mulk Raj Anand’s Untouchable

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 91-101
Author(s):  
Saleha Ilhaam
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Political Strategy ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Strategic Essentialism ◽  
Reading Identity ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Self

The term strategic essentialism, coined by Spivak, is generally understood as “a political strategy whereby differences (within Group) are temporarily downplayed, and unity assumed for the sake of achieving political goals.” On the other hand, essentialism focuses that everything in this world has an intrinsic and immutable essence of its own. The adaption of a particular “nature” of one group of people by way of sexism, culturalization, and ethnification is strongly linked to the idea of essentialism. Mulk Raj Anand’s Bakha is dictated as an outcast by the institutionalized hierarchy of caste practice. He is essentialized as an untouchable by attributing to him the characteristic of dirt and filth. However, unlike other untouchables, Bakha can apprehend the difference between the cultured and uncultured, dirt and cleanliness. Via an analysis of Anand’s “Untouchable,” the present article aims to bring to the forefront the horrid destruction of the individual self that stems from misrepresentations of personality. Through strategic essentialism, it unravels Bakha’s contrasting nature as opposed to his pariah class, defied by his remarkable inner character and etiquette. The term condemns the essentialist categories of human existence. It has been applied to decontextualize and deconstruct the inaccurately essentialized identity of Bakha, which has made him a part of the group he does not actually belong to.

scholarly journals Dummetova koncepcija kao teorija značenja za Hintikkin tip semantike teorije igre (III)

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heda Festini
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Information Seeking ◽  
Proof Theory ◽  
Winning Strategy ◽  
General Information ◽  
Language Games ◽  
Inductive Probability ◽  
Theory Of Meaning ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Key Terms

With the analysis of the key terms such as truth/use, proof - verification, falsification, inductive probability/semantic probability, winning/losing, winning strategy, it is shown that Dummett’s general theory of meaning does not include Hintikka’s game theory, that it, the conception of the winning strategy. The difference between them arises from the different understanding of Wittgenstein's idea about language games and from their attitudes toward theoretical proof theory. Hintikka’s semantic games about exploration of the world do not reject the bivalence principle but he gives it a different characteristic - one of the two players always has a winning strategy. Looking at Dummett’s philosophical theory of meaning and the most recent Hintikka’s suggestion about general information - seeking through questioning and answering, the author establishes that Dummett’s falsificational and dialogical games as well as Hintikka’s semantic games are subparts of Hintikka’s general information - seeking game Thus Dummett’s statement that Hintikka’s semantic games can be subsumed under Dummett’s conception is rejected and thus the answer is partly given to Saarinen’s suggestion that new affinity should be established. Apart from the comparison of these views with the outline of possible Wittgenstein’s general theory of meaning as rule - testing, together with his treatment (although not always adequate) of verification/falsification, inductive probability and čonfirmation/corroboration, the advantage of Wittgenstein’s view is affirmed.

scholarly journals Maker–Breaker percolation games I: crossing grids

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
A. Nicholas Day ◽  
Victor Falgas-Ravry
Keyword(s):  
Percolation Theory ◽  
Winning Strategy ◽  
List Type ◽  
Rectangular Grid ◽  
Grid Graph ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
Winning Strategies ◽  
Special Case ◽  
Switching Game

Abstract Motivated by problems in percolation theory, we study the following two-player positional game. Let Λm×n be a rectangular grid-graph with m vertices in each row and n vertices in each column. Two players, Maker and Breaker, play in alternating turns. On each of her turns, Maker claims p (as yet unclaimed) edges of the board Λm×n, while on each of his turns Breaker claims q (as yet unclaimed) edges of the board and destroys them. Maker wins the game if she manages to claim all the edges of a crossing path joining the left-hand side of the board to its right-hand side, otherwise Breaker wins. We call this game the (p, q)-crossing game on Λm×n. Given m, n ∈ ℕ, for which pairs (p, q) does Maker have a winning strategy for the (p, q)-crossing game on Λm×n? The (1, 1)-case corresponds exactly to the popular game of Bridg-it, which is well understood due to it being a special case of the older Shannon switching game. In this paper we study the general (p, q)-case. Our main result is to establish the following transition. If p ≥ 2q, then Maker wins the game on arbitrarily long versions of the narrowest board possible, that is, Maker has a winning strategy for the (2q, q)-crossing game on Λm×(q+1) for any m ∈ ℕ. If p ≤ 2q − 1, then for every width n of the board, Breaker has a winning strategy for the (p, q)-crossing game on Λm×n for all sufficiently large board-lengths m. Our winning strategies in both cases adapt more generally to other grids and crossing games. In addition we pose many new questions and problems.

scholarly journals Optimal Budget Allocations for Protected Area Acquisition To Store Carbon in a Local Community Under Economic Growth Uncertainty

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-236
Author(s):  
Bijay P. Sharma ◽  
Seong-Hoon Cho ◽  
Chad M. Hellwinckel
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Benefits And Costs ◽  
Growth Scenario

We analyze optimal budget allocations to acquire protected areas for carbon storage while balancing risk and return from protection under economic growth uncertainty in a local community. Our study is the first to explore how risk of uncertain economic growth affects cost of protected area acquisition using real estate values at the parcel level, enabling us to estimate the site-specific opportunity cost of carbon storage. The Pareto optimal trade-off frontier between the expected carbon storage benefit and its variance provides a continuum of risk-return combinations. The pattern of the trade-off relationship implies that risk mitigation is less costly in terms of foregone expected benefit when risk is higher than when it is lower. Our results also find that the difference in cluster-specific budget allocations between the strong economic growth scenario and the weak economic growth scenario subsequently decreases between the point of expected benefit maximization and the point of variance minimization. Our findings of optimal hectares of land for protected area acquisition for carbon storage and corresponding benefits and costs serve as an empirically informed knowledge base to help a local community prioritize acquisition of potential protected areas for carbon storage under economic growth uncertainty.

scholarly journals Games and full completeness for multiplicative linear logic

1994 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 543-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samson Abramsky ◽  
Radha Jagadeesan
Keyword(s):  
Linear Logic ◽  
Winning Strategy ◽  
Game Semantics ◽  
Categorical Model ◽  
Natural Notion ◽  
Winning Strategies

AbstractWe present a game semantics for Linear Logic, in which formulas denote games and proofs denote winning strategies. We show that our semantics yields a categorical model of Linear Logic and prove full completeness for Multiplicative Linear Logic with the MIX rule: every winning strategy is the denotation of a unique cut-free proof net. A key role is played by the notion of history-free strategy; strong connections are made between history-free strategies and the Geometry of Interaction. Our semantics incorporates a natural notion of polarity, leading to a refined treatment of the additives. We make comparisons with related work by Joyal, Blass, et al.

Targeting Corporate Political Strategy: Theory and Evidence from the U.S. Accounting Industry

2007 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard G. Vanden Bergh ◽  
Guy L.F. Holburn
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Support ◽  
Auditor Independence ◽  
Science Literature ◽  
Political Strategy ◽  
Political Campaign ◽  
Accounting Firms ◽  
Political Environments ◽  
Policy Making Process ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Corporate Political Strategy

By analyzing the interaction between a business firm and multiple government institutions (including a regulatory agency, an executive and a bicameral legislature), we develop predictions about how firms target their political strategies at different branches of government when seeking more favorable public policies. The core of our argument is that firms will target their resources at the institution that is ‘pivotal’ in the policy-making process. We develop a simple framework, drawing on the political science literature, which identifies pivotal institutions in different types of political environments. We find empirical support for our thesis in an analysis of how U.S. accounting firms shifted their political campaign contributions between the House and Senate in response to the threat of new regulations governing auditor independence during the 1990s.

scholarly journals The Digital Architectures of Social Media: Comparing Political Campaigning on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and Snapchat in the 2016 U.S. Election

2018 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 471-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Bossetta
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Political Communication ◽  
User Behavior ◽  
Virtual Space ◽  
Political Campaign ◽  
Social Media Data ◽  
Campaign Strategy ◽  
Digital Architecture ◽  
Media Data ◽  
Model Affect

The present study argues that political communication on social media is mediated by a platform’s digital architecture—the technical protocols that enable, constrain, and shape user behavior in a virtual space. A framework for understanding digital architectures is introduced, and four platforms (Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and Snapchat) are compared along the typology. Using the 2016 U.S. election as a case, interviews with three Republican digital strategists are combined with social media data to qualify the study’s theoretical claim that a platform’s network structure, functionality, algorithmic filtering, and datafication model affect political campaign strategy on social media.

scholarly journals Fuzzy difference and data primitives: a transparent approach for supporting different definitions of forest in the context of REDD+

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis Comber ◽  
Werner Kuhn
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Object Based ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Difference Methods ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Basic Level ◽  
Agreed Definition

Abstract. This paper explores the use of fuzzy difference methods in order to understand the differences between forest classes. The context for this work is provided by REDD+, which seeks to reduce the net emissions of greenhouse gases by rewarding the conservation of forests in developing countries. REDD+ requires that local inventories of forest are undertaken and payments are made on the basis of the amount of forest (and associated carbon storage). At the most basic level this involves classifying land into forest and non-forest. However, the critical issues affecting the uptake, buy-in and ultimately the success of REDD+ are the lack of universally agreed definition of forest to support REDD+ mapping activities, and where such a definition is imposed, the marginalization of local community voices and local landscape conceptualizations. This tension is at the heart of REDD+. This paper addresses these issues by linking methods to quantify changes in fuzzy land cover to the concept of data primitives, which have been previously proposed as a suitable approach to move between land cover classes with different semantics. These are applied to case study that quantifies the difference in areas for two definitions of forest derived from the GLC and FAO definitions of forest. The results show how data primitives allow divergent concepts of forest to be represented and mapped from the same data and how the fuzzy sets approach can be used to quantify the differences and non-intersections of different concepts of forest. Together these methods provide for transparent translations between alternative conceptualizations of forest, allowing for plural notions of forest to be mapped and quantified. In particular, they allow for moving from an object-based notion of forest (and land cover in general) to a field-based one, entirely avoiding the need for forest boundaries.

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