scholarly journals ETIOPATHOGENETIC ASPECTS OF LIVER INJURY IN PATIENTS WITH COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
V.I. Petrov ◽  
◽  
A.V. Ponomareva ◽  
I.V. Ivakhnenko ◽  
O.V. Razvalyaeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Damage ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Pulmonary Manifestations ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Factors Of Influence ◽  
Extra Pulmonary

Infection caused by the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 initially associated with respiratory damage and the development of respiratory symptoms. However, it was subsequently shown that COVID-19 can be considered as a systemic inflammatory process with multiple organ damage. One of the most frequent extra pulmonary manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection is liver damage. Several factors of influence on the liver in COVID-19 are currently being considered: viral immunological damage, hypoxia, systemic inflammatory process, drug toxicity and progression of existing liver diseases. This review is devoted to the analysis of available data on the mechanisms and clinical manifestations of liver damage in a new coronavirus infection.

scholarly journals Sysyemic Lupus Erythematosus with Multiple Organ Damage

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 63-73
Author(s):  
Andreea Alexandra Nicola ◽  
Mădălina Dună ◽  
Ioana Miler ◽  
Nicoleta Petre ◽  
Denisa Predeţeanu
Keyword(s):  
Lupus Nephritis ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Alveolar Haemorrhage ◽  
Interdisciplinary Management ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Pulmonary Infarction ◽  
Pulmonary Manifestations

Abstract Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a heterogeneous rheumatic disease with various clinical manifestations and a multifactorial pathogenesis. Although the etiology of SLE is unknown, certain risk factors have been identified as promoters of an imbalance in the immune system with antibody formation and tissue damage secondary to the deposition of immune complexes. Women of childbearing age are predominantly affected, regardless of ethnicity. SLE affects the kidneys in about 50% of patients, lupus nephritis (LN) being a major risk factor for overall morbidity and mortality. The lungs are commonly involved later in the course of the disease, pulmonary involvement in SLE being extremely varied. It includes along with pleuritis which is the most common manifestation, acute lupus pneumonitis, pulmonary vasculitis, pulmonary embolism, diffuse alveolar haemorrhage; opportunistic pulmonary infections or drug toxicity could be other pulmonary manifestations. We present the case of a young woman with SLE complicated with lupus nephritis class V and pulmonary infarction due to thromobosis of a pulmonary artery. It is a case of SLE with multiple organ damage and life-threatening complications that require interdisciplinary management and appropriate treatment.

scholarly journals Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children аssociated with COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 67-70
Author(s):  
I.I. Gorelkin ◽  
V.N. Kapusta ◽  
I.A. Buinyi ◽  
E.V. Bachtina ◽  
S.A. Zhmychova
Keyword(s):  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Antiplatelet Agents ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Tissue Ischemia ◽  
Inflammatory Syndrome

Coronavirus disease is severe in the elderly and in people with chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cancers. It is generally accepted that in children, COVID-19 is much milder, and often is even asymptomatic. But there are some children who, against the background of the coronavirus infection, developed multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C). Its pathophysiology is not fully understood. There are several hypotheses about the mechanisms of MIS-C development. It is assumed that the syndrome develops due to an excessive immune response to the virus. Having some similar mechanisms with Kawasaki disease, macrophage activation syndrome, the development of MIS-C still has significant diffe-rences. Multiple organ damage occurs due to systemic inflammation, hypoxia, tissue ischemia. As a result, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome develops. Clinical manifestations are specific and reflect changes in all body systems. Laboratory studies revealed an increase in inflammatory markers, transaminases, creatinine, urea, coagulation disturbances. Treatment of multisystem inflammatory syndrome includes immunomodulatory and glucocorticoid therapies. Antibiotics, anticoagulants, antiplatelet agents are also administered, and in case of renal failure symptoms — dialysis replacement therapy. The article describes cases of successful treatment of children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with COVID-19, which show that MIS-C can mask a large number of diseases. Attention should be paid to the need for hospitalization of such patients into a unit with the possibility of hemodialysis, to the different approaches to treatment, the importance of renal replacement therapy. If the above requirements are met, it is possible to achieve a complete recovery of patients.

scholarly journals Liver damage while Covid-19: problems of pathogenesis and treatment

2021 ◽  
pp. 178-185
Author(s):  
E. A. Lyalyukova ◽  
I. V. Dolgalev ◽  
E. N. Chernysheva ◽  
I. V. Druk ◽  
G. M. Konovalova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Damage ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Chronic Liver Diseases ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Cytopathogenic Effect ◽  
Optimal Patient Management

The purpose of the review is to present an analysis of the current literature data on the pathogenesis and therapy of liver damage in Covid-19. Liver damage in COVID-19 patients can be caused by the direct cytopathogenic effect of SARS-CoV-2, an uncontrolled immune response, sepsis, severe hypoxia, or drug damage. In addition, COVID-19 can exacerbate and decompensate previously formed chronic liver diseases with the development of acute liver failure. Physicians should carefully assess the initial state of the liver, and after prescribing therapy, intensify monitoring of its functional state, especially in patients with severe COVID-19. In each clinical case, the doctor needs to establish the possible mechanisms of organ damage in order to select the most optimal patient management tactics, which would take into account all aspects of the COVID-19 course and liver damage. Currently, additional scientific information is required to uncover the features of liver damage during SARS-CoV-2 infection and in the postcovid period. Patients who have undergone COVID-19 need further monitoring to assess the long-term effects of the disease.

scholarly journals Multiple-organ failure in patients with severe coronavirus disease (COVID-19)

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-27
Author(s):  
I.A. Kuchynska ◽  
B.O. Savchenko ◽  
A.H. Andriukhov ◽  
A.M. Ivanchenko ◽  
N.V. Astashkina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organ Failure ◽  
Organ Dysfunction ◽  
Inflammatory Cell ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Multiple Organ Dysfunction ◽  
Multiple Organs ◽  
Economic Task ◽  
Coronavirus Infection

The article analyzes the mechanisms of the development and clinical manifestations of multi-organ dysfunction and multi-organ failure syndrome, which often accompany the severe COVID-19. Moreover, since multiple organ dysfunction during severe COVID-19 may be caused by a cytokine storm resulting from elevated inflammatory mediators, endothelial dysfunction, coagulation disorders, and inflammatory cell infiltration, further studies are needed to determine the exact mechanisms of pathogenesis. Since the involvement of multiple organs in the pathological process of the disease during coronavirus infection is an important and complex medical, mental, tactical, physical, emotional, and economic task for both clinicians and patients and their families, increasing knowledge of the pathological process can help improve outcomes and reduce morbidity and mortality. The review includes some results of our own experience in the treatment of severe cases of coronavirus disease.

scholarly journals Case of severe liver damage in COVID-19

2021 ◽  
pp. 84-91
Author(s):  
E. Yu. Plotnikova ◽  
E. N. Baranova ◽  
M. S. Karyagina ◽  
O. A. Vorosova ◽  
K. A. Krasnov
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Liver Damage ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Coagulation Cascade ◽  
Severe Liver Damage ◽  
Global Concern ◽  
Histopathological Evidence ◽  
Severe Lung

The 2019 outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by severe acute coronavirus 2 respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) has been a  global concern since December 2019. Although most patients with COVID-19  have mild clinical manifestations, in about 5% of these patients the disease eventually progresses to severe lung injury or even multiple organ dysfunction. This situation presents various problems for hepatology. In the context of liver damage in patients with COVID-19, several key problems need to be addressed. For example, it is important to determine whether a SARS-CoV-2 can directly enter the liver, especially when it appears that ACE2 is marginally expressed in hepatocytes. In addition, the mechanisms underlying liver dysfunction in patients with COVID-19 are multifactorial and are associated with hyperinflammation, dysregulated immune responses, abnormal coagulation, and drugs. The  article describes the  potential pathogenesis of  liver damage associated with COVID-19. Histopathological evidence suggests a marked disruption of the intrahepatic network of blood vessels secondary to systemic changes caused by a virus that can trigger a coagulation cascade and damage the endothelial layer of blood vessels. There is also a clinical case of polyethylene damage to the liver in a young man who led to death. Against the background of infection COVID-19 he developed massive thrombosis of the liver vessels, followed by the development of necrosis — fibrosis — cirrhosis — acute liver failure, which caused death.

scholarly journals Listeriosis: the review of a problem, presentation of a clinical case of listeria sepsis in a 4-month child

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 39-42
Author(s):  
L.P. Shostakovych-Koretskaya ◽  
I.V. Budayeva ◽  
M.A. Nikolaichuk
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Problem Presentation ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Progressive Course

Listeriosis is an infectious disease caused by Listeria monocytogenes microorganisms. A human can catch an infection through fecal-oral, aerogenous, or transplacental route. The listeriosis incidence in Ukraine is sporadic, single cases are not related to each other. Listeriosis is characterized by a high rate of mortality and polymorphism of clinical manifestations. The symptoms of the disease are multiple-organ: damage to the central nervous system, septic symptoms, aborts, mastitis; listeriosis can also be subclinical. The disorders of the central nervous system are associated with meningitis, meningoencephalitis, or brain abscess. The importance of the problem of diagnosis and treatment of listeriosis derived from the disease sporadicity, polymorphism of its manifestations, difficulties in etiological verification of the diagnosis. The case described is specific due to the diagnostic mistake: a child was not diagnosed with sepsis. Listeriosis in this child had a progressive course with sepsis development. Listeriosis is a rare infection, therefore it was difficult to suggest this particular infection intra vitam.

scholarly journals Oral Tuberculosis: A Rare Manifestation of Disseminated Disease in a Patient with Dermatomyositis on Chronic Corticosteroids

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dina Khateeb ◽  
Mohleen Kang ◽  
Eugenio Capitle ◽  
Mirela Feurdean
Keyword(s):  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Pulmonary Manifestations ◽  
Rare Manifestation ◽  
The World ◽  
Patients At Risk ◽  
Extra Pulmonary ◽  
Disseminated Disease ◽  
Delays In Diagnosis

Tuberculosis remains one of the leading causes of death around the world despite advancements in diagnostic testing and medical therapies. It commonly affects the lungs, but isolated extra pulmonary clinical manifestations have been reported. Tuberculosis of the oral cavity is exceedingly rare. We present a case of a patient with dermatomyositis on chronic steroid therapy, who presented with tuberculosis involving the tongue as the only clinical manifestation of disseminated disease. Physicians must be aware of extra pulmonary manifestations of tuberculosis in patients at risk, in order to avoid delays in diagnosis and treatment and to prevent further contagion.

scholarly journals Sarcoidosis and primary biliary cholangitis in a patient with cholestasis

2021 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-198
Author(s):  
M. Yu. Brovko ◽  
L. A. Akulkina ◽  
M. V. Kalashnikov ◽  
T. P. Rozina ◽  
T. P. Nekrasova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Female Patient ◽  
Liver Damage ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Primary Biliary Cholangitis ◽  
Rare Combination ◽  
Physical Laboratory

Primary biliary cholangitis and sarcoidosis are both cholestatic liver diseases. Currently, there are no established specific criteria for distinguishing the diseases from each other; diagnosis is based on the anamnesis, as well as the results of physical, laboratory and instrumental examination. The case report presents a female patient with a rare combination of histologically verified liver sarcoidosis and primary biliary cholangitis. Despite the similar clinical manifestations, the approaches to the treatment of these diseases are completely different, that underlines the importance of the differential diagnosis to exclude combined liver damage.

scholarly journals Toxin-like peptides in plasma, urine and faecal samples from COVID-19 patients

F1000Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 550
Author(s):  
Carlo Brogna ◽  
Simone Cristoni ◽  
Mauro Petrillo ◽  
Maddalena Querci ◽  
Ornella Piazza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
The Body ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Human Genes ◽  
Peptide Fraction ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Pulmonary Manifestations ◽  
Extra Pulmonary ◽  
Toxic Components

Background: SARS-CoV-2 that causes COVID-19 disease and led to the pandemic currently affecting the world has been broadly investigated. Different studies have been performed to understand the infection mechanism, and the involved human genes, transcripts and proteins. In parallel, numerous clinical extra-pulmonary manifestations co-occurring with COVID-19 disease have been reported and evidence of their severity and persistence is increasing. Whether these manifestations are linked to other disorders co-occurring with SARS-CoV-2 infection, is under discussion. In this work, we report the identification of toxin-like peptides in COVID-19 patients by application of the Liquid Chromatography Surface-Activated Chemical Ionization – Cloud Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry.   Methods: Plasma, urine and faecal samples from COVID-19 patients and control individuals were analysed to study peptidomic toxins’ profiles. Protein precipitation preparation procedure was used for plasma, to remove high molecular weight proteins and efficiently solubilize the peptide fraction; in the case of faeces and urine, direct peptide solubilization was employed.   Results: Toxin-like peptides, almost identical to toxic components of venoms from animals, like conotoxins, phospholipases, phosphodiesterases, zinc metal proteinases, and bradykinins, were identified in samples from COVID-19 patients, but not in control samples.  Conclusions: The presence of toxin-like peptides could potentially be connected to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Their presence suggests a possible association between COVID-19 disease and the release in the body of (oligo-)peptides almost identical to toxic components of venoms from animals. Their involvement in a large set of heterogeneous extra-pulmonary COVID-19 clinical manifestations, like neurological ones, cannot be excluded. Although the presence of each individual symptom is not selective of the disease, their combination might be related to COVID-19 by the coexistence of the panel of the here detected toxin-like peptides. The presence of these peptides opens new scenarios on the aetiology of the COVID-19 clinical symptoms observed up to now, including neurological manifestations.

scholarly journals Extra-Pulmonary Complications in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Comprehensive Multi Organ-System Review

2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
Taylor J. Louis ◽  
Ahmad Qasem ◽  
Latifa S. Abdelli ◽  
Saleh A. Naser
Keyword(s):  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Pulmonary Complications ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Clinical Impact ◽  
Organ System ◽  
Delay Testing ◽  
Pulmonary Manifestations ◽  
System Review ◽  
Extra Pulmonary

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, is typically presented with acute symptoms affecting upper and lower respiratory systems. As the current pandemic progresses, COVID-19 patients are experiencing a series of nonspecific or atypical extra-pulmonary complications such as systemic inflammation, hypercoagulability state, and dysregulation of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS). These manifestations often delay testing, diagnosis, and the urge to seek effective treatment. Although the pathophysiology of these complications is not clearly understood, the incidence of COVID-19 increases with age and the presence of pre-existing conditions. This review article outlines the pathophysiology and clinical impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on extra-pulmonary systems. Understanding the broad spectrum of atypical extra-pulmonary manifestations of COVID-19 should increase disease surveillance, restrict transmission, and most importantly prevent multiple organ-system complications.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document