scholarly journals New Policy of Welfare States: Preparing Background for Analysis of Social Situation of People with Disabilities

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 121-136
Author(s):  
Elena Kulagina
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Welfare States ◽  
Employment Policy ◽  
Labour Relations ◽  
Disadvantaged Population ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Social Unity ◽  
Working Age

The article examines the implementation of new social security and employment policy in welfare states (social-democratic, conservative corporate and neoliberal regimes) in order to take a new look at the disability policy in Russia. Basing on the analysis of international research and OECD statistic data of 30 years the article explores the shifting trends in social policy, the new rights / responsibilities rule approaches and the reasons for restricting the state interference. The author investigates into the approaches in social security which define the conditions of receiving social assistance (controlling the ‚passive‘ measures, assigning responsibility for self-sufficiency and switching to ‚active‘ measures for the working age population) and describes the shifts in redistribution of wealth and social relations. The author analyzes the measures aiming at increasing opportunities and subduing the dependency culture in employment as well as demonstrates how these measures influence labour relations, salary and social security of employees. The reasons for growing poverty, inequality in income, wage and social security of the disadvantaged population groups are unveiled. The factors promoting redistribution and reinforcement of social unity and common wealth, as well as anti-crisis regulation are determined.

scholarly journals Impact of Remuneration for Work on Social Changes in Lithuania

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-146
Author(s):  
Boguslovas Gruževskis ◽  
Tadas Sudnickas ◽  
Jolanta Urbanovič
Keyword(s):  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Welfare States ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Labour Relations ◽  
Compensation Systems ◽  
Technological Level

Satisfaction with compensation for work in modern society, especially in welfare states, plays a very important role. It not only ensures the efficient use of available production facilities and natural resources, but also determines the size of the state budget, the quality of life in the country, an attitude towards emigration and the general state of social situation. In a market economy, wages are the expression of capital and labour relations, both at the national and at the company level. The compensation systems are also influenced by some external factors such as tax system, technological level, labour supply and demand balance and legal regulation. The article seeks to reveal how the satisfaction with pay for work affects the social changes in the country. The article present the results of the research carried out in Lithuania in 2017.

scholarly journals In-work Universal Credit: Claimant Experiences of Conditionality Mismatches and Counterproductive Benefit Sanctions

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
SHARON WRIGHT ◽  
PETER DWYER
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Job Search ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Benefit Sanctions ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Universal Credit is the UK’s globally innovative social security reform that replaces six means tested benefits with one monthly payment for working age claimants - combining social security and tax credit systems. Universal Credit expands welfare conditionality via mandatory job search conditions to enhance ‘progression’ amongst working claimants by requiring extra working hours or multiple jobs. This exposes low paid workers to tough benefit sanctions for non-compliance, which could remove essential income indefinitely or for fixed periods of up to three years. Our unique contribution is to establish how this new regime is experienced at micro level by in-work claimants over time. We present findings from Qualitative Longitudinal Research (141 interviews with 58 claimants, 2014-17), to demonstrate how UC impacts on in-work recipients and how conditionality produces a new coerced worker-claimant model of social support. We identify a series of welfare conditionality mismatches and conclude that conditionality for in-work claimants is largely counterproductive. This implies a redesign of the UK system and serves as an international warning to potential policy emulators.

Historical Context of Agricultural Commercialisation in Ghana: Changes in Land and Labour Relations

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Awetori Yaro ◽  
Joseph Kofi Teye ◽  
Gertrude Dzifa Torvikey
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Agrarian Change ◽  
Wealth Accumulation ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Labour Relations ◽  
Global Capital

This paper provides a broad review of agrarian change in Ghana by highlighting the major developments in the agrarian political economy and their implications for agricultural commercialisation and its modifying influence on land tenure systems, livelihoods, production systems, social relations, and labour relations. While current land tenure arrangements and labour relations in Africa are often explained in terms of globalisation, we argue that the historical context of agricultural commercialisation in Ghana shows continuities and discontinuities in agrarian relations from the colonial period to the present. We also argue that changes over the years have blended with globalisation to produce the distinct forms of labour relations that we see today. The commercialisation of agriculture in Ghana has evolved progressively from the colonial era aided by policies of coercion, persuasion and incentives to its current globalised form. The expansion in the range of commodities over time necessarily increased the demand for more land and labour. The article contributes to the literature by providing great insights into changes in land and labour relations due to increasing commercialisation, and how these enhanced wealth accumulation for the richer segments of society and global capital to the detriment of the poor throughout Ghana’s agrarian history.

Contingencies and Convergence in European Social Security

2013 ◽  
pp. 268-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guido van Os ◽  
Vincent Homburg ◽  
Victor Bekkers
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
Welfare States ◽  
Comparative Case Study ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Institutional Contexts ◽  
Welfare State Regimes ◽  
Back Office

In Western European welfare states, one of the uses of ICT is the delivery of integrated public services in social security. In order to do this, the deployment of ICT (especially in the back office) requires coordination among various central and local levels of government, and among social insurance executive institutions, welfare authorities, and job centers. Viewing ICT-enabled integration as a technological and managerial “practice,” the authors analyze ICT coordination in various institutional regimes (in a decentralized regime like Denmark, a decentralized unity state like The Netherlands, and in a federal state like Austria). By a comparative case study, the authors investigate whether ICT coordination adapts to the institutional context in which it is shaped (contingency-approach), or whether in various institutional contexts coordination practices more or less resemble each other (convergence-approach). Two methods are used to gather data. First, for each country policy, documents and strategy papers are analyzed by using a structured code list. Second, in each country five key respondents at ministerial level and five respondents at local/regional level are interviewed. The authors reflect on the findings by discussing the role of ICTs in providing coordinated and integrated services in various welfare state regimes.

Conclusions: progressive alternatives to austerity

2020 ◽  
pp. 155-176
Author(s):  
David Etherington
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Collective Bargaining ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Labour Party ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Security System ◽  
Employment Policy ◽  
Job Rotation ◽  
Employment Rights

There is another way and alternative to austerity. Despite the defeat of a Corbyn led (anti- austerity) Labour Party, there are conditions and opportunities for challenging neoliberalism and inequalities. Key to this is questioning the austerity narrative relating to the economy and public services. Alternative policies are assessed including for through collective bargaining, enhanced employment rights, a remodelled social security system which offers a adequate safety net and linking welfare to employment policies through job rotation. Democratising welfare and employment policy through local government is seen as central to a more inclusive agenda

In Wakefield’s laboratory: Tangata Whenua into property/labour in Te Waipounamu

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-246
Author(s):  
Simon Barber
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Primitive Accumulation

This article follows the alchemical political economy of Edward Gibbon Wakefield for whom Kāi Tahu whenua served as a laboratory. Wakefield’s clever formula for the transubstantiation of an incendiary social situation in Britain into new terrain for capital was designed to secure the transplantation of English economic and social relations to the colonies to ensure the persistence of a landless class compelled to sell their labour for wages. Ingeniously, the transport of that labour to the colonies was to be paid for by the market in land in the new colony: Kāi Tahu would be made to fund their own colonisation. I track the fate of capital’s settler dream for ready land and labour as it was brought into being by the New Zealand Company, subsequently taken over by the Crown, and as it continues into our present. The argument is divided into two parts. The first is the classical moment of primitive accumulation, clearing people from the land to provide a market in land and labour, ‘legal’ dispossession, and commodification. The second is the more recent continuation of the initial processes of dispossession and commodification as these assert themselves in processes of redress and as they are expressed in the corporatisation of Ngāi Tahu.

Just Skin and Bones: The Longing for Wholeness of the Body in the Book of Job

2008 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alec Basson
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Book Of Job ◽  
Personal Loss ◽  
Ancient Israel ◽  
Social Unity ◽  
Ideal Body Image ◽  
Ideal Body ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe book of Job recounts the story of an individual who grapples with the enigma of suffering. In addition to his personal loss, the supplicant's body also comes under attack. Furthermore, the physical distress experienced by Job is exacerbated by the attitude of his kinsmen. His disintegrated body has lead to severed social relations. Given the fact that the body mediates the plaintiff's involvement in society and represented social unity in ancient Israel, Job longs for a whole body as the ideal body image. The ancient Israelites only regarded the whole body as pure, real and acceptable. This contribution argues that to appreciate fully the allusions to bodily degeneration in the book of Job, the importance of wholeness of the physical body in ancient Israel and the impact it had on the socio-religious structure should be taken into account.

Social Security Disability Application Experiences of People With Multiple Sclerosis in the United States

2007 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 131-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa I. Iezzoni ◽  
Long Ngo ◽  
R. Philip Kinkel
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Disability Insurance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Legal Assistance ◽  
Income Support ◽  
Social Security Administration ◽  
The Social ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Social Security Disability

Studies suggest that more than half of working-age Americans with multiple sclerosis (MS) are unemployed because of their health. Many turn to public disability insurance for income support, applying through the Social Security Administration for either Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI), which provides benefits to formerly employed people, or Supplemental Security Income (SSI), which supports impoverished individuals. Anecdotal reports suggest that many patients with MS face considerable problems when applying for federal disability benefits. To gather more systematic information about these experiences, we surveyed 983 working-age people with MS nationwide from May through November 2005. Most (60.2%) were unemployed; 36.4% had federal disability insurance, with 27.8% having SSDI alone. Almost one third (31.3%) had their initial SSDI application denied, and 31.9% used legal assistance when applying for this benefit. Although the time elapsed between SSDI application and approval was <12 months for 60.4% of applicants, 12–23 months passed for 19.8% and 24+ months for another 19.8%. Among people without SSDI, 15.4% had applied for this benefit at some time. Failure to meet disability criteria caused 60.3% of rejections, and inadequate documentation contributed to 32.1%. Neurologists must fully document the breadth of MS-related impairments in their patients' disability applications.

The Needed and the Needy: The Policy Legacies of Benefits for Disabled War Veterans in Israel

2000 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 577-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN GAL ◽  
MICHAEL BAR
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
Welfare States ◽  
Israeli Society ◽  
Differential Impact ◽  
War Veterans ◽  
Military Conflict ◽  
Disabled Veterans ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Needy

In contrast to most other welfare states, the development of the Israeli welfare state has occurred in the shadow of an ongoing military conflict. This study examines one of the consequences of this development by focusing on the impact of benefits for disabled war veterans upon the country's social security system. Not only are the benefits for Israeli disabled veterans more generous and expensive than those in other welfare states but they have also had a significant impact upon the nature of other social security programmes. In particular, we identify the differential impact of the policy legacies of this programme on benefits and services for other ‘deserving’ groups in Israeli society and on programmes for those disabled from natural causes.

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