scholarly journals Chiefdom as a Concept of Sociology: The Complexity of Interpretation

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-26
Author(s):  
Sergey A. Davydov
Keyword(s):  
Social Organization ◽  
Central America ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Subject Field ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Analytical Tools ◽  
Unambiguous Interpretation

The purpose of this article is to identify the reasons which limit the conceptualization of the concept of chiefdom, and to find analytical means to overcome it. The author notes that at the present time sociology has developed criteria which facilitate the understanding of chiefdom as a type of social organization and historical stage in the development of society. However, the process of developing an unambiguous interpretation of the concept of chiefdom has not yet been completed. The article suggests that this is a consequence of two main limitations. The first of these lies outside the field of science and is associated with the diversity of the morphology of chiefdoms, with them having accumulated signs of “higher” and “lower” forms of social organization, and with chiefdom being characterized by ambiguity of data. The second limitation is brought forth by science itself, which happened to attach different conceptual grids to various types of chiefdom and had been unable to solve the problem of polysemia of the concepts which underlie the methodological analysis of archaic societies. The author focuses on the problem of “semantic twins” of chiefdom, the existence of which is due to the established tradition of word usage. The problem of identifying such “twins” is solved based on analyzing the social institutions and structures of ancient societies, while relying on the results of archaeological and anthropological studies, texts of literary artifacts. As a result, the author argues that in many cases the barbaric “kingdom” of Western Europe, Asia and Africa, the Eastern European “principalities” and the “empires” of Central Asia and Central America should be called chiefdoms. It is concluded that managing conceptual space allows for expanding the subject field of analysis, enriching the analytical tools of research and as a result discovering new facets of chiefdom as a form of social organization.

scholarly journals Performativity, Discourse and Communication: Relationship of Concepts

2021 ◽  
pp. 95-104
Author(s):  
Ruslana Bezuhla
Keyword(s):  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Subject Field ◽  
Social Sciences And Humanities ◽  
Sociological Approach ◽  
The Social ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Historical Periods

The article analyzes approaches to the study of phenomena and concepts of performativity, discourse and communication, and makes it possible to trace how various types of communication are interconnected in the structure of artistic culture. It has been established that in modern society, performativity, discourse and communication provide a higher level of generalization and prevalence than in previous historical periods, which leads to an expansion of the subject field for the study of these phenomena. The aim of the work is to research and systematize existing theories conceptualizing performativity, communication and discourse in the mode of humanitarian knowledge. This approach will contribute to solving the scientific problem of clarifying the conceptual and categorical apparatus of modern cultural studies and art history. Methodology of work. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study were philosophical and general scientific approaches, principles and methods that made it possible to analyze the phenomena of performativity, discourse and communication from different-vector positions: the method of generalization, made it possible to determine the place of performativity, discourse and communication in the worldview paradigm due to the analysis of ambiguous formulations and statements about the phenomena, which were presented in various sources; an interdisciplinary approach ensured the use of the latest theoretical developments in the social sciences and humanities; the sociological approach made it possible to consider the phenomena of performativity, discourse and communication at the macrosocial and microsocial levels.

Compensatory Justice and Social Institutions

1985 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph H. Carens
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social Organization ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Ought Implies Can ◽  
The Social ◽  
Compensatory Justice ◽  
The Ideal ◽  
Moral Philosophers

Moral philosophers are fond of the dictum “ought implies can” and even deontologists normally admit the need to take account of consequences in the design of social institutions. Too often, however, philosophers fail to take advantage of the knowledge provided by the social sciences about the constraints and consequences of alternative forms of social organization. By discussing ideals in abstraction from the problems of institutionalization, they fail at least to see some of the important consequences and costs of a proposed ideal, and sometimes they fail even to understand the ideal itself.

scholarly journals The Siamese Twins: Citizenship Rights, Cleavage Formation, and Party-Union Relations in Western Europe

1995 ◽  
Vol 40 (S3) ◽  
pp. 51-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernhard Ebbinghaus
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Labor Unions ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Citizenship Rights ◽  
Siamese Twins ◽  
Interest Representation ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of

Prophecies of doom for both working-class party and labor unions have gained popularity in the Western industrial democracies over the last two decades. The “old” Siamese twins, working-class party and labor unions, have a century-long history of their combined struggle to achieve political and industrial citizenship rights for the working class. Both forms of interest representation are seen as facing new challenges if not a crisis due to internal and external changes of both long-term and recent nature. However, despite these prophecies political parties and union movemehts have been differently affected and have responded in dissimilar ways across Western Europe. The Siamese twins, party and unions, as social institutions, their embeddedness in the social structure, and their linkages, were molded at an earlier time with long-term consequences. Hence, we cannot grasp today's political unionism, party-union relations and organized labor's capacity for change, if we do not understand the social and political conditions under which the organization of labor interests became institutionalized. An understanding of the origins and causes of union diversity helps us to view the variations in union responses to current challenges.

scholarly journals SOCIOCULTURAL DETERMINANT OF THE SYMBOLIC VIOLENCE PHENOMENON

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-8
Author(s):  
Yuriі Boreiko
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Symbolic Violence ◽  
Collective Consciousness ◽  
Historical Discourse ◽  
Symbolic Space ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual

The article analyzes the sociocultural basis of constituting the symbolic space, the content of the symbolic violence phenomenon, the cultural and symbolic potential of the toponymics objects. It is established that practices of symbolic violence consist in constructing a system of subjective coordinates by imposing rules, senses, meanings, values that become self-evident. Symbolic space encompasses the collective consciousness of the socio-cultural community and has the ability to form a system of subjective coordinates where the individual's life activity unfolds. The intelligibility of symbolic space is conventionally established, which is provided by the process of socialization. Pursuing the goal of domination, hegemony, coercion, symbolic violence moves the real confrontation into a symbolic environment, directing the influence on the mental structures of the social subject. Giving to senses and meanings a legitimate character is a way to explain and substantiate social relations, their cognitive and normative interpretation. Accumulating the experience of community coexistence throughout its history, habitus is a set of dispositions that motivate an individual to a certain reaction or behavior. Habitus, which generates and structures practices, combines the individual tendency of the actor to act adequately to the situation, the interaction of actors in the community, and the interaction of the community and each of its members with reality. As a historically changing phenomenon, habitus determines the nature of interactions between individuals whose communication skills are consistent with the functioning of social institutions. An important component of the symbolic space and part of the cultural and historical discourse are the objects of toponymics, which explains the constant ideological and political interest in this segment of socio-cultural life. Objects of toponymics act as a marker of ordering social space, a tool for including the subject in socio-spatial landscapes. The renaming of toponyms demonstrates the connection between the social conditions in which it takes place and the reaction of the social relations entity to changes in the toponymic space.

A game of mirrors: Western/Eastern European crime series and the struggle for recognition

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caius Dobrescu ◽  
Roxana Eichel ◽  
Dorottya Molnár-Kovács ◽  
Sándor Kálai ◽  
Anna Keszeg
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Imaginary ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
The West ◽  
The Social ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
Struggle For Recognition ◽  
Correct Image

Our article focuses on a corpus of crime television series reflecting upon differences between western and eastern Europe – a phenomenon that we will address as the ‘West–East slope’. The series figure as instances of the struggle for recognition at the level of the social imaginary, between western and eastern Europe. Addressing the double logic of the western narrative on eastern Europe and the eastern narrative of western Europe, one of our main findings is that the recognition aesthetics of eastern Europe produced a multi-layered representation of the West varying from country to country. On the other hand in western productions, there is still a bias towards a more politically correct image of easternness, a state of affairs that is questioned by eastern European attempts to produce their original contents.

Self-Knowledge, Estrangement, and Social Metabolism

2019 ◽  
pp. 40-57
Author(s):  
Boris Hennig
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Social Organization ◽  
Shared Values ◽  
Extended Self ◽  
Social Metabolism ◽  
The Social ◽  
Subject And Object ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Self Knowledge

Following two key themes in Karl Marx's thought—estrangement and political economy, in their relation to human self-knowledge—labor mediates the social metabolism. In this schema, organic (or functional) metabolism is distinguished from extended metabolism (or social organization). Socially extended metabolism gives rise to shared values and concepts in the same way that organic metabolism gives rise to life. On this basis, I suggest that both the subject and object of human self-knowledge is a socially extended self, which can connect to itself only when humans freely participate in socially extended metabolism—that is, economy, science, and industry. Estrangement, in contrast, is seen to result from a disruption within socially extended metabolism.

scholarly journals Κοινωνικές ιεραρχίες στα κείμενα του Πλήθωνα και τα πρότυπά τους

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 215
Author(s):  
Γιάννης ΣΜΑΡΝΑΚΗΣ
Keyword(s):  
Social Organization ◽  
Social Hierarchy ◽  
Stable Form ◽  
Similar Model ◽  
New Model ◽  
Medieval France ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Military

  <p>Yannis Smarnakis</p><p>Social Hierarchy in Pletho and its Models </p><p>The subject of this paper are the models of social organization proposed by G. Gemistos-Plethon to the despot of Peloponnese Theodore II Palaeologus and to the emperor Manuel II Palaeologus. The main sources for the investigation are two texts, written by Plethon, the first one between  1407-1415 and the second in 1418. The older text that was sent to the despot Theodore, depends on the platonic dialogues and proposes a similar model of three classes for the peloponnesian society. An interesting ideological shift was detected in the second text of 1418. Here the author proposes the division of the peloponnesian people into three parts, the soldiers, the priests and the peasants. The new model is identical to the ideological system of the three classes or functions in medieval France. I think that the main source of inspiration for Plethon was the specific ternary model that was grounded, in medieval France, on the neoplatonic tradition. Plethon transfers this ideological system to the social reality of his contemporary Peloponnese that was marked by the struggle of the powerful local aristocracy against the institution of monarchy. The ternary model gives a stable form to the peloponnesian society, justifies the role of the military aristocracy as the state against the Turks and legitimatizes the place of the monarch as the sovereign of the soldiers at the top of the social pyramid.</p><p> </p>

Negotiating the Social Organization of School Library Work: An Institutional Ethnography

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Crispin
Keyword(s):  
Social Organization ◽  
Institutional Ethnography ◽  
School Library ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
School Librarian ◽  
The Social ◽  
Milieu Scolaire

This institutional ethnography starts from the standpoint of a school librarian to examine how school library work is coordinated and explained by social institutions. Areas of focus include the work of accounting for materials, the work of accounting for students, and the work of understanding and negotiating schedules.Cette ethnographie institutionnelle s'appuie sur le bibliothécaire en milieu scolaire et examine comment les institutions sociales coordonnent et justifient le travail au sein de la bibliothèque scolaire. Les points à l'étude comprennent : les efforts de justification du matériel, les efforts de représentation des étudiants et les efforts de compréhension et de négociation des horaires. 

Polygamy in Mεnde Country

Africa ◽  
1937 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. H. Crosby
Keyword(s):  
Social Organization ◽  
Social System ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Opening Paragraph

Opening ParagraphPolygamy is a social system, and is intimately bound up with the subject of property, of labour, and of the difference in status between men and women. If this paper appears to trespass into other fields it is because of the complexity of the subject and because polygamy is not something that can be abstracted from the social organization generally and be examined by itself; it is both symptom and cause of widespread difference in Mende society from that of our own.

scholarly journals Ethnic communities as a factor of counteracting extremism

2020 ◽  
pp. 12-29
Author(s):  
Mirra Vasil'evna Kashchaeva ◽  
Denis Anatol'evich Marakulin
Keyword(s):  
Social Organization ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Ethnic Communities ◽  
Ethnic Culture ◽  
Altai Region ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Empirical Framework

The subject of this research is the activity of ethnocultural organizations on prevention of extremist behavior among members of ethnic communities. The object of this research is the processes of functionality of the following communities within the social space of Altai Krai: Center of Ethnic Culture &ldquo;Vaynakh&rdquo;; Altai Regional Social Organization &ldquo;Tajik Diaspora&rdquo;; Altai Regional Social Organization &ldquo;Center of Uzbek Culture &ndash; Batyr&rdquo;; Local Ethnocultural Autonomy of Kazakhs &ldquo;Asyl Mura&rdquo;; Altai Regional Ethnocultural Organization &ndash; &ldquo;Azerbaijan&rdquo;; Altai Regional Social Organization &ldquo;Union of Armenians of the Altai Krai&rdquo;; as well as Local Jewish Ethnocultural Autonomy. To determine the specificity of the socio-cultural, legal, economic and confessional adaptation of the members of ethnic communities, the authors used the method of focused interview, which allowed determining the position of the leaders of ethnocultural communities with regards to the aforementioned indexes, as well as acquire relevant information pertaining to prevention of extremist behavior. The article presents the analysis of the influence of ethnocultural organizations upon the process of social, legal, economic, and confessional adaptation of the representatives of ethnic communities. A hypothesis is supported that the problems of adaptation in the designated spheres produce strive towards extremist behavior. The scientific novelty consists in the fact that the empirical framework is comprised of results of interviews of the leaders of Jewish, Armenian, Kazakh, Uzbek, Tajik, and Chechen, and Azerbaijan ethnocultural organizations of Altai Region.

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