scholarly journals Epidémiologie moléculaire du sérotype 9 du virus de la fièvre catarrhale ovine en région méditerranéenne

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 (2-4) ◽  
pp. 148
Author(s):  
K. Nomikou ◽  
S. Maan ◽  
N. S. Maan ◽  
P. P.C. Mertens
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Reference Strain ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean Region ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
First Time

Bluetongue virus (BTV) is the prototype species of the genus Orbivirus within the family Reoviridae. There are 24 (possibly 25) distinct serotypes of BTV, eleven of which have entered, or have been identified in Europe and the Mediterranean region since 1998 (types 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 9, 11, 15, 16, 24 and 25). The first BTV to arrive in Greece during 1998 was serotype 9 (iso­late GRE1998/01), followed by BTV-16 (GRE1999/13) during 1999. BTV-9 spread to mainland Greece, South-Eastern Bulgaria and European Turkey during 1999, to Italy during 2000, then to Serbia, Montenegro, Kosovo, Macedonia, Bulgaria, Croatia, mainland Italy and Sicily in 2001. In 2002, BTV-9 was again identified in Bosnia, Bulgaria, Montenegro, Yugoslavia and Albania, and was identified in Libya for the first time in 2008. The whole genome was sequenced for representative field and vaccine strains of BTV-9 and 16 from the Mediterranean region, identifying the levels of genetic heterogeneity in each genome segment. The early European isolates of BTV-9 (1998 onwards) were identified as ‘eastern’ strains related to those from India, Indonesia and Australia. BTV-16 isolates are also eastern strains that are most closely related to strains from Turkey and the South African reference strain of type 16 (originally from Pakistan). Analyses of the more conserved genome segments coding for structural and non-structural proteins of BTV-9 (from Bosnia, Bulgaria, Greece and Turkey) and BTV-16 (from Greece and Turkey) show that the Eastern European isolates of these two serotypes have the remaining eight genome segments (1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9 and 10) with more than 99% similarity, in each case belonging to the same eastern lineage. These data show that the BTV-9 and 16 isolates that were circulating in the Mediterranean region are reassortants, with the majority of their genome seg­ments derived from a single parental lineage. However, the BTV-9 isolate from Libya (LIB2008/08) is more closely related to the western BTV-9 reference strain from South Africa than to the earlier BTV-9 isolates from Eastern Europe. Analysis of the more conserved segments of LIB2008/08 showed only 79.8–80.2% similarity with the eastern European BTV-9 isolates from the Eastern Mediterranean region, but 89–93.5% similarity with the BTV-9 reference and vaccine strains from South Africa. BTV-9 from Libya belongs to a distinct western lineage of viruses and represents both a new introduction to the Mediterranean region and a new threat to Europe.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance Surveillance and Control in the Mediterranean Region: report of the ARMed Consensus Conference

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (09) ◽  
pp. 654-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Borg ◽  
Barry D. Cookson ◽  
Peter Zarb ◽  
Elizabeth A. Scicluna ◽  
ARMed Steering Group & Collaborators *
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean Region ◽  
Consensus Conference ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
And Control

Antimicrobial resistance has become a global threat to effective health care delivery. This is particularly the case within the Mediterranean region, where data from recent studies suggests the situation to be particularly acute. A better knowledge base, as well as a collaborative effort, is therefore required to address this ever increasing challenge to effective patient care. Over its four-year period, the Antibiotic Resistance Surveillance and Control in the Mediterranean Region (ARMed) project investigated the epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance, as well as its contributory factors, in a number of countries in the southern and eastern Mediterranean region through the collection of comparable and validated data. The project culminated in a consensus conference held in Malta in November 2006. The conference provided a forum for expert delegates to agree on a number of priority strategic recommendations that would be relevant to resistance containment efforts in the region. There was general agreement on the need for surveillance and audit to underpin any intervention to tackle antimicrobial resistance, both to monitor changing epidemiological trends in critical pathogens as well as to identify antibiotic consumption practices and effectiveness of prevention and control of health care associated infections. In addition, the importance to convey these data to key users was also stressed in all workshops, as was better education and training of health care workers. The recommendations also made it clear that ownership of the problem needs to be improved throughout the region and that resources, both financial as well as human, must be allocated by the respective policy makers in order to combat it.

A Sicilian–Cretan biogeographical disjunction in the land snail genus Cornu (Gastropoda: Helicidae)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernhard Hausdorf ◽  
Sonja Bamberger ◽  
Frank Walther
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Divergence Time ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean Region ◽  
Land Snail ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Western Africa ◽  
The Mediterranean

Abstract We report an unusual biogeographical disjunction between the western and the eastern Mediterranean region. Cornu (Gastropoda: Helicidae) is a western Mediterranean land snail genus. It includes Cornu (Cornu) aspersum, which originated in north-western Africa and was distributed by humans for food or accidentally, first throughout the Mediterranean region and, subsequently, to all continents except Antarctica. It also includes three species belonging to the subgenus Erctella, which are all endemic to Sicily. We discovered a new species of Cornu on the Greek island of Crete. The morphological and molecular genetic analyses showed that the species from Crete is a disjunct representative of the subgenus Erctella. We hypothesize that the disjunction originated by a long-distance dispersal event of the ancestors of the Cretan species from Sicily by birds or by sea currents, perhaps facilitated by a tsunami or a similar event. The Cretan lineage separated from the Sicilian species in the Late Miocene or Early Pliocene. This divergence time is compatible with the hypothesis that the ancestor of Cornu cretense sp. nov. was washed from Sicily to Crete by the Zanclean flood that refilled the Mediterranean basin after it had dried up during the Messinian salinity crisis.

scholarly journals Family planning services and programmes in countries of the Eastern Mediterranean Region

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 614-624
Author(s):  
L. O. Chichakli ◽  
H. K. Atrash ◽  
A. S. Musani ◽  
J. T. Johnson ◽  
R. Mahaini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean Region ◽  
World Health ◽  
Family Planning Services ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
Region Data ◽  
Health Organization

This paper presents the findings of a 1999 survey of 19 countries of the World Health Organization Eastern Mediterranean Region on the family planning services and programmes in the Region. Data were collected using a questionnaire which explored the following areas: the presence of population or family planning policies and family planning activities, the family planning services available, promotional and educational activities on family planning, quality assurance, family planning data collection, analysis and dissemination, and the use of such information. The results indicate that 13 of the countries have national policies on population and family planning but even in those that do not, family planning services are widely available. The scope of the services provided varied. There is still a need to implement or strengthen family planning programmes in the Region, a need which is recognized by the countries themselves

scholarly journals New constraints on the Eastern Mediterranean <i>δ</i><sup>18</sup>O:<i>δ</i>D relationship

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Cox ◽  
E. J. Rohling ◽  
G. A. Schmidt ◽  
R. Schiebel ◽  
S. Bacon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Current System ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean Region ◽  
Geochemical Data ◽  
Salinity Range ◽  
Surface Ocean ◽  
East Greenland Current ◽  
The World ◽  
The Mediterranean

Abstract. Previous work on oxygen and hydrogen isotope data from Eastern Mediterranean water samples has defined a mixing relationship in this region that is different from the world surface ocean. This prompted speculations about the hydrological processes in the Mediterranean region. We present new δ18O and δD data from the Eastern Mediterranean region and the East Greenland Current system, spanning a wide salinity range. These data define δ18O:δD relationships for both regions that are consistent with the world surface ocean δ18O:δD relationship, despite the highly evaporative conditions that prevail in the Mediterranean region. These new geochemical data have suggested that the world surface ocean &amp;delta18O:δD relationship holds throughout almost the entire global salinity range.

Contribution to the knowledge of oribatid mites of the family Lohmanniidae (Acari, Oribatida) from South Africa

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 666
Author(s):  
Sergey G. Ermilov ◽  
Elizabeth A. Hugo-Coetzee ◽  
Alexander A. Khaustov
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
New Species ◽  
South African ◽  
Oribatid Mites ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Family ◽  
Game Reserve ◽  
Distribution And Ecology ◽  
First Time ◽  
A New Species

The genus Lohmannia (Oribatida, Lohmanniidae) is recorded for the first time in South Africa. A new species of Lohmannia is described from the nest of termites of the Franklin Game Reserve on Naval Hill, Bloemfontein, based on the adult and tritonymphal instar. Lohmannia (Lohmannia) lerallana sp. nov. differs from L. (Lohmannia) turcmenica Bulanova-Zachvatkina, 1960 by the presence of distinct macrofoveolate ornamentation on the body, setiform subcapitular setae m1 and long lateral and posterior notogastral setae. A supplementary description of Papillacarus angulatus Wallwork, 1962 is presented based on the South African specimens. Information on distribution and ecology of known lohmanniids in South Africa is provided.

Water Scarcity and Solar Desalination Systems in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: A Case of Northern Cyprus

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Phillips Agboola ◽  
F. Egelioglu
Keyword(s):  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Technology Use ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean Region ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Solar Desalination ◽  
Mediterranean Regions ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Desalination Technology

The constant decline of renewable water in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) and the Mediterranean regions qualify these two regions the most water scarce in the world. Water scarcity can be defined as a situation where there is not enough water to meet all local demand. These demands may include water needed for ecosystems, agricultural and domestic use. Water is definitely physically scarce in the MENA and the Mediterranean regions with less than 1000 m3/capita/year and the scarcity is related to domestic water, fresh water for drinking and water for food production. Water scarcity in these regions is a function of both water supply and water demand as both applies in most of the countries. Using the Falkenmark indicator the Mediterranean regions will see increased deterioration in the availability of renewable water and more people will suffer the effects of water shortage. The area will face major constraints in meeting water requirements for agriculture in the coming decades. The severe impacts of the non-availability of renewable water in these regions are cushioned by the development of desalination technology that is at an advanced stage in most of the countries in the region. Water desalination technology provides unlimited and constant supply of high quality water, and reduces the pressure on freshwater ecosystems and groundwater resources. Selection of the appropriate desalination technology, use of renewable energy and a proper method of dealing with high salinity wastewater discharge are very important measures necessary to mitigate the negative impacts of desalination activity, reduce desalination costs and make desalination sustainable and reliable. This work reviews the nature of water scarcity in the Eastern Mediterranean region and advances in solar desalination using the Northern part of Cyprus as a case study.

scholarly journals Antibiotic resistance in the southeastern Mediterranean – preliminary results from the ARMed project

2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 11-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
M A Borg ◽  
E Scicluna ◽  
M De Kraker ◽  
N Van de Sande-Bruinsma ◽  
E Tiemersma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean Region ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
The Mediterranean

Sporadic reports from centres in the south and east of the Mediterranean have suggested that the prevalence of antibiotic resistance in this region appears to be considerable, yet pan-regional studies using comparable methodology have been lacking in the past. Susceptibility test results from invasive isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecium and faecalis routinely recovered from clinical samples of blood and cerebrospinal fluid within participating laboratories situated in Algeria, Cyprus, Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Malta, Morocco, Tunisia and Turkey were collected as part of the ARMed project. Preliminary data from the first two years of the project showed the prevalence of penicillin non-susceptibility in S. pneumoniae to range from 0% (Malta) to 36% (Algeria) [median: 29%] whilst methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus varied from 10% in Lebanon to 65% in Jordan [median: 43%]. Significant country specific resistance in E. coli was also seen, with 72% of isolates from Egyptian hospitals reported to be resistant to third generation cephalosporins and 40% non-susceptible to fluoroquinolones in Turkey. Vancomycin non-susceptibility was only reported in 0.9% of E. faecalis isolates from Turkey and in 3.8% of E. faecium isolates from Cyprus. The preliminary results from the ARMed project appear to support previous sporadic reports suggesting high antibiotic resistance in the Mediterranean region. They suggest that this is particularly the case in the eastern Mediterranean region where resistance in S. aureus and E. coli seems to be higher than that reported in the other countries of the Mediterranean.

scholarly journals A one-way nested eddy resolving model of the Aegean and Levantine basins: implementation and climatological runs

2003 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 205-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Korres ◽  
A. Lascaratos
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Ocean Circulation ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean Region ◽  
Circulation Model ◽  
Surface Boundary ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The Mediterranean

Abstract. The present study deals with the implementation of an eddy resolving model of the Levantine and Aegean basins and its one-way nesting with a coarse resolution (1/8° × 1/8°) global Mediterranean general circulation model. The modelling effort is done within the framework of the Mediterranean Forecasting System Pilot Project as an initiative towards real-time forecasting within the eastern Mediterranean region. The performed climatological runs of the nested model have shown very promising results on the ability of the model to capture correctly the complex dynamics of the area and at the same time to demonstrate the skill and robustness of the nesting technique applied. A second aim of this study is to prepare a comprehensive climatological surface boundary conditions data set for the Mediterranean Sea. This data set has been developed within the framework of the same research project and is suitable for use in ocean circulation models of the Mediterranean Sea or parts of it. The computation is based on the ECMWF 6-h atmospheric parameters for the period 1979–1993 and a calibrated set of momentum and heat flux bulk formulae resulted from previous studies for the Mediterranean region. Key words. Oceanography: general (numerical modelling); physical (general circulation; air-sea interactions)

scholarly journals A Regional Scale Evaluation of Conservation Status of Orchid Species Recorded in The Eastern Mediterranean Region of Turkey

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 996
Author(s):  
Gülden Sandal Erzurumlu ◽  
Kemal Tuluhan Yılmaz ◽  
Zerrin Söğüt
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean Region ◽  
Orchid Species ◽  
Scale Evaluation ◽  
Montane Zone ◽  
Threat Categories ◽  
The Mediterranean

In this study, the threat categories of locally endangered orchid species were sampled over an area of covering 187 km2 in Mersin, Adana, Hatay and Kahramanmaraş provinces of Turkey. Periodic observations were carried out in 44 sampling plots specified within three bioclimatic belts, namely the Mediterranean-montane, the sub-Mediterranean and the Mediterranean. 34 orchid species were identified under the genera of Cephalanthera (L.), Comperia (Steven.), Dactylorhiza, Epipactis (L.), Himantaglossum (Boiss.), Limodorum (L.) Ophrys, Orchisand Serapias (Burm.fil). The results revealed that six orchid species were growing in the Mediterranean-montane zone, 20 species in the sub-Mediterranean zone and 23 species in the Mediterranean zone. According to the resources of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) the threat categories were reported for only 12 out of 13 species. Local threat categories of this study showed some differences when IUCN data were considered. 34 orchid species identified in this study and 12 species were evaluated under Critically Endangered (CR) threat category. It was found that 11, 7, 2 and 2 species were under EN, VU, NT and LC respectively. Therefore, Orchid species sampled from the Eastern Mediterranean Region of Turkey have been categorized on the basis of the threat categories identified by the IUCN.

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