scholarly journals Environmental Isotope of Radon-222 for Ciliwung River and Shallow Deep Water Interaction Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Evarista Ristin Pujiindiyati ◽  
Bungkus Pratikno
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
River Bank ◽  
222Rn Concentration ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Groundwater Infiltration

Aquifer in river bank area is mostly susceptive toward pollution occurring in river. One of parameters to determine the interaction process between groundwater and river is a natural isotope of 222Rn. The significant difference of radon concentration in groundwater and river water can be utilized as a scientific basis for investigating groundwater infiltration in river bank. Those studied parameters are residence time and infiltration rate. The research using 222Rn had been conducted in shallow groundwater of Ciliwung river bank - South Jakarta during rainy and dry season. The range of 222Rn concentration in shallow groundwater monitored in dry season was between 666 - 2590 Bq/m3 which was higher than that of rainy season ranging at 440 to 1546 Bq/m3. Otherwise, concentration of 222Rn in river water could not be detected (its 222Rn concentration = 0 Bq/m3) due to its much lower concentration either rainy or dry season. During dry season monitoring, equilibration between groundwater and river water was reached at the distance approximately 98 - 140 m away from river side. Estimating residence time based on 222Rn concentration at nearest site from the river and at equlibration area was 4.2 days such that the infiltration rate from river water into aquifer might be 7.8 m/day.Keywords: 222Rn, groundwater, residence time, infiltration rate.

scholarly journals Identifying Groundwater and River Water Interconnections Using Hydrochemistry, Stable Isotopes, and Statistical Methods in Hanumante River, Kathmandu Valley, Central Nepal

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1524
Author(s):  
Ramita Bajracharya ◽  
Takashi Nakamura ◽  
Subesh Ghimire ◽  
Bijay Man Shakya ◽  
Naresh Kazi Tamrakar
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Water Type ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
Wet And Dry Seasons

Interconnection between river water and groundwater plays an important role in maintaining water quantity and quality in hydrological systems. Furthermore, the exact interconnection is often difficult to observe and measure. This study attempts to explain river and shallow groundwater interconnection in urbanized areas of the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. Isotopic (δD and δ18O) and chemical analyses were performed on river and groundwater samples, and the results were analyzed using statistical methods to identify areas of interconnection between river water and groundwater. Higher concentrations and positive strong correlations of Na+ with K+, NH4+-N, Cl−, HCO3−, and PO4−-P, and a change of water type from Ca-HCO3 during the wet season to Na-K-HCO3 during the dry season indicate higher contamination in river water during the dry season. Hierarchical cluster analysis was used in grouping water samples into clusters on the basis of isotopic and chemical (Na+ and Cl−) composition. Grouping of river and groundwater samples in one–one clusters from wet and dry seasons shows the presence of interconnection, indicating the contribution of river water in recharging shallow groundwater. These results imply that shallow groundwater found near rivers is chemically contaminated by polluted river water through bank infiltration, in both wet and dry seasons.

An Investigation of the Quantity, Quality and Sources of Groundwater Seepage into the St. Clair River near Sarnia, Ontario, Canada

1986 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Sklash ◽  
Sharon Mason ◽  
Suzanne Scott ◽  
Chris Pugsley
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
River Water ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Seepage Rate ◽  
Groundwater Seepage ◽  
Seepage Meters ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Hydraulic Gradients ◽  
Unidentified Source

Abstract We used seepage meters and minipiezometers to survey a 100 m by 7 km band of streambed of the St. Clair River near Sarnia, Ontario, Canada, to determine the quantity, quality, and sources of groundwater seepage into the river. The average observed seepage rate, 1.4 x 10−8 m3/s/m2, suggests higher than expected hydraulic conductivities and/or hydraulic gradients in the streambed. We found detectable levels of some organic contaminants in streambed groundwater samples from 1.0 and 1.5 m depths, however , concentrations did not exceed drinking water guidelines. Our isotopic and electrical conductivity data indicate that: (l) the streambed groundwater is not just river water, (2) groundwater from the “freshwater aquifer” at the base of the overburden Is not a significant component of the streambed groundwater, (3) some of the streambed groundwater is partially derived from a shallow groundwater flow system, and (4) an unidentified source of water with low tritium, river water-like δ18O, and very high electrical conductivity, contributes to the streambed groundwater.

Bovine trypanosomosis in Gimbi district of Western Oromia, Ethiopia

2010 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashenafi Hagos ◽  
Hailu Yacob ◽  
Asoke Basu ◽  
Degneh Efrem
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Trypanosoma Congolense ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Glossina Morsitans Submorsitans ◽  
Bovine Trypanosomosis ◽  
Significant Difference

AbstractA study on the epidemiology of bovine trypanosomosis was conducted from September 2006 to April 2007 in six villages of the Gimbi district in west Wollega zone of Ethiopia. The prevalence of the disease, the apparent densities and distribution of tsetse and other biting flies in two seasons, the dry and rainy, were determined. The results of a questionnaire survey from 80 farmers revealed that trypanosomosis was a major health problem affecting animals and impeding agricultural activities.A total of 568 blood samples were collected from randomly selected animals (280 animals in rainy and 288 in dry season) and revealed the presence of Trypanosoma congolense Broden, 1904 and T. vivax Zieman, 1905 in the area. Trypanosoma congolense was the dominant species that accounted for 66.2% of the infections. The mean packed cell volume (PCV) concentrations were 22.77% (95% CI =19.99-21.55) in parasitaemic and 25.25% (95% CI=24.88-25.61) in aparasitaemic animals with a significant difference (P<0.005). There was a significant (P<0.012) difference in trypanosome infection between age groups of cattle, being higher in adults. The overall prevalence of trypanosomosis was 12.5%, while the disease prevalence was higher during the rainy season (15 %) than the dry season (10.1%). In three villages of lowland areas (below 1600 meter above sea level), a higher prevalence was recorded 20.9% and 7.9% as compared to three villages of midland areas (≥ 1600 meter above sea level) 11.8% and 8.3% in late rainy and dry season, respectively.A fly-survey was conducted by using 80 monoconical pyramidal traps and revealed that two tsetse species, namely Glossina morsitans submorsitans Newstead and Glossina tachinoides Westwood were found along with other biting flies (Tabanus, Haematopota and Stomoxys species). Higher numerical catches of Glossina were recorded in late rainy season and the apparent density was positively correlated (r=0.5171) with the prevalence of infection.

scholarly journals Infiltration wells utilizing watershed conservation for flood prevention

2021 ◽  
Vol 878 (1) ◽  
pp. 012056
Author(s):  
M Situmorang ◽  
S Setiyadi ◽  
L E Hutabarat
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Coverage Area ◽  
Flood Prevention ◽  
Groundwater Balance ◽  
Watershed Conservation ◽  
Discharge Plan ◽  
Water Problems ◽  
Groundwater Infiltration

Abstract Rainfall is a determining factor in analyzing planned floods. This research was conducted by collecting secondary data and the field data concerning the soil’s ability to infiltrate the volume of rainfall. Data processing is carried out by statistical analysis to estimate the average rainfall, intensity value, estimated discharge plan, volume of runoff and estimated infiltration rate. These parameters are important related to the infiltration well dimensions planning and the conserving water area. From the research results, it is shown that infiltration rate and optimal dimensions of infiltration wells very dependent on rainfall discharge and runoff volume in each region. Artificial infiltration is an alternative solution for maintaining groundwater balance and overcoming water problems. With groundwater infiltration, groundwater infiltration can maintain a relatively stable groundwater depth. Infiltration rate in RT 06 Cawang are 54,03 cm/hour lower than in Kelurahan 11 Cawang East Jakarta are 54,12 cm/hour, with perimeter area of wells DSP = 1,5 m2, Depth of well (HSP) = -1,89 m2 and coverage area of well (ASP) = 1,77 m2.

scholarly journals Hydrochemical Evolution in Ciliwung River – Java, Indonesia: Study of Sea Water Mixture and Mineral Dissolution

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1360
Author(s):  
Evarista Ristin Pujiindiyati ◽  
Paston Sidauruk ◽  
Tantowi Eko Prayogi ◽  
Faizal Abdillah
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Mineral Dissolution ◽  
Water Type ◽  
Water Mixture ◽  
Hydrochemical Evolution ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Saturation Indexes

The chemical characteristics of the Ciliwung River were analyzed to understand hydrochemical evolution. A fraction of sea water mixture and kinds of mineral controlling for chemicals were also determined. During three year investigations in 2015, 2016, and 2018, electrical conductivity increased with decreasing elevations. Two hydrochemical facies had been identified for the Ciliwung river water; those were Ca-Mg-HCO3 and Ca-Na-HCO3.  The river water mixing with seawater was recognized in the Mangga Dua site in which its water type had shifted to Na-Ca-HCO3-Cl. Based on Na-Cl contents, the fraction of sea water into the Ciliwung River reached 2% in the Mangga Dua site during the dry season and decreased to 0.7% during the rainy season in 2015. The much higher monthly rainfall during the dry season in 2016 and 2018 had washed out invading seawater from the Mangga Dua site; its fraction of sea water was less than 0.4%. Saturation indexes with respect to calcite, dolomite, and gypsum minerals showed an increasing trend related to the decreasing elevations. All water samples were undersaturated with respect to gypsum. Meanwhile, saturation indexes with respect to calcite and dolomite mostly indicated undersaturated, except in the Mangga Dua site that was saturated (during the rainy season in 2015 and dry season in 2018) and supersaturated during the dry season in 2015.

scholarly journals KONSENTRASI KARAGENAN TERHADAP FISITOKIMIA DAN ORGANOLEPTIK JELYDRINK KRAI

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-164
Author(s):  
Eny Hari Widowati ◽  
Dewi Larasati
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Assessment Criteria ◽  
Cattle Feed ◽  
Significant Difference

Krai is a group of vegetables that are widely planted by the community in Kasreman Village, Rembang Regency, Krai is planted every dry season with abundant production. the production of abundant krai and sold in fresh form causes low prices of krai even used as cattle feed, this is because krai does not have added value. Krai has the potential to be processed into various food preparations. one of them is processed jelly drink because of the typical water content in vegetables and aroma. Processing of jelly drinks with krai has not been done so that the use of carrageenan needs to be known for its concentration to be accepted by consumers. Research methods: experiment with simple RAK with carrageenan concentration: K1:2%; K2:4%; K3:6%; K4:8%. For organoleptics use student panelists who are accustomed to organoleptic tests with assessment criteria ˃2-3: Dislike; ˃3-4%: Enough Likes; ˃4-5%: Like; ˃5-6%: Very Like. Results:i) Carrageenan concentration against pH: There are significant differences between treatments. The highest pH was found in treatment K4 (4.26) Increase in carrageenan concentration followed by an increase in pH value;ii) Carrageenan Concentration Against Viscosity there is a very significant difference between treatments The less carrageenan concentration, the lower the viscosity or runny; iii) Carrageenan Concentration Against Sineresis: the carrageenan concentration given had a significant effect on the value of sineresis. The syneresis analysis of roasted jelly drink drinks ranged from 4.51 - 13.47 mg / minute The highest synergy was found in treatment K1. iv) The preferred concentration of texture, taste, aroma is concentration at 0.6%.

scholarly journals Growth, yield and water use of drip irrigated cassava planted in the late rainy season of North Eastern Thailand

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Polthanee ◽  
M. Srisutham
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
Supplementary Irrigation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Cassava Varieties

Field experiment was carried out at Agronomy Experimental Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University in 2015-2016 to investigate the response of cassava to supplementary irrigation during the dry season month. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with four replications. The main plots comprised two cassava varieties (Huaybong 80 and Rayong 11). The sub l included four levels of drip irrigation [I-20, EV-40 mm (crop received 20 mm of water when daily cumulative pan evapolation value reached 40 mm during the dry season months)]; [I-20, EV-60 mm] ; [I-10, EV-40 mm] ; [I-10, EV-60 mm] and [I-10] (cassava under rainfed condition without additional irrigation)]. Results indicated that irrigation at (I-20, EV-40 mm) produced maximum the fresh (52 t ha-1) and dry (22 t ha-1) storage root yield. Huaybong 80 variety a gave significantly higher the storage root yield than that of Rayong 11 variety. The highest starch content also was obtained in the (I-20, EV-40 mm) treatment. There was no significant difference in the starch content between the two cassava varieties. Water were applied in treatment [I-20, EV-40 mm], [I-20, EV-60 mm], [I-10, EV-40 mm] and [I-10, EV-60 mm] was an average 299 mm, 194 mm, 150 mm and 97 mm, respectively during the growing season. Water use efficiency was the highest (35.3 kg ha-1 mm-1) in the [I-20, EV-60 mm] treatment.

scholarly journals Study on the Distribution Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Homocysteine in the Physical Examination Population

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Bao ◽  
Ming Cui ◽  
Xiuying Shi ◽  
Shaoqing Ju ◽  
Hui Cong
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Physical Examination ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Health Examination ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Background: Homocysteine (Hcy) is considered to be an independent risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. No study has evaluated the distribution of Hcy on a large-scale health examination. Accordingly, this study aimed to investigate the level and distribution of Hcy in the healthy physical examination population and the correlation with other biomarkers, and analyzed for cardiovascular and other diseases. The prevention provides an important scientific basis.Methods: From February 2017 to April 2020, 8063 medical examination populations were selected for analysis. Determination of serum Hcy, TC, TG, LDL-c, HDL-c, ALT, ALP, γ-GT, TBIL, GLU, urea, Cr, UA and related metabolic risk factors. According to the multivariate regression model of age, gender, smoking, drinking, body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), the relationship between Hcy and other biochemical indicators was evaluated. Results: Among 8063 cases, the age, BMI, SBP and DBP of the high-Hcy group were higher than those of the low-Hcy group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05), and the proportion of males, smoking and drinking were higher than the low In the Hcy group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); the ALT, ALP, γ-GT, TBIL, Urea, Cr, UA, and TG in the high Hcy group were higher than those in the low Hcy group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05 ); HDL-c in the high-Hcy group was lower than that in the low-Hcy group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in TC, LDL-c, and GLU between the high- and low-Hcy groups (P>0.05). In multivariate analysis, lnHDL-C was negatively correlated with lnHcy (β=-0.038, SE=0.016, P<0.05), lnCr was positively correlated with lnHcy (β=0.055, SE=0.016, P<0.05), lnUA and lnHcy were positive correlation (β=0.043, SE=0.019, P<0.05). Conclusion: Hcy is closely related to HDL-c, Cr and UA, which indicates that Hcy may affect the metabolism of HDL-c and UA, and can also be used as an auxiliary diagnostic index for kidney injury.

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