scholarly journals Filmowe czytanie Szekspira. Adaptacja jako interpretacja. O książce "Lustra i echa. Filmowe adaptacje dzieł Williama Shakespeare’a", red. O. Katafiasz, Kraków 2017, ss. 434

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 173-183
Author(s):  
Mariola Marczak
Keyword(s):  
Film Theory ◽  
Pop Culture ◽  
Film Adaptation ◽  
Film Adaptations ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Culture Studies ◽  
Cultural Accommodation ◽  
Theatre Studies ◽  
Film Reading

FILM READING OF SHAKESPEARE. ADAPTATION AS INTERPRETATIONThe text is a review of a book entitled Lustra i echa. Filmowe adaptacje dzieł Williama Shakespeare’a Mirrors and Echoes. Film Adaptation of William Shakespeare’s Works edited by Olga Katafiasz. The monograph is a compilation of studies and essays prepared by filmologists, theatre studies and culture studies scholars referring to various film adaptations of William Shakespeare’s works. At the beginning the reviewer reminds film theories concerning film adaptation and the output of filmology on the topic of film adaptations of Shakespeare’s works. The author situates the book in view within the map of past and update researches of both types and evaluates their quality as a part of them. She underlines that the variety of points of view and research approaches to Shakespeare himself and to his oeuvre in Olga Katafiasz’s elaboration highlight the distinctive place of Shakespeare in nowadays culture, including pop-culture. Moreover, the variety of scholar and artistic approaches to the master from Stratford reveals also cognitive and creative abilities of film art and makes clear cultural productivity and actuality of Shakespeare. The latter means first of all possible achievement of historical and cultural accommodation to different discourses as well as of being a tool of update cultural communication. Namely in Marczak’s opinion Mirrors and Echoes… provides a practical implementation of the film theory of adaptation as interpretation of the source text and endeavors to be a response to those who ask whether Shakespeare remains a vivid author, delivering important questions and important answers for human beings of 21st century.

Viewer, I Married Him

Veil and Vow ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 140-162
Author(s):  
Aneeka Ayanna Henderson
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Visual Culture ◽  
Film Theory ◽  
Black Middle Class ◽  
Culture Studies ◽  
Visual Culture Studies

This chapter uses film theory and visual culture studies to parse Malcolm D Lee's film The Best Man (1999) and Gina Prince-Bythewood's film Love and Basketball (2000) as well as the corresponding soundtracks, screenplays, and publicity. It illuminates how the films unsettle genre boundaries as well as encode progressive and pernicious messages about the formation of African American marriage and Black love for its Black middle-class characters.

Reading Climate Change in the Palimpsest: The Ecocritical Potential of Novel-to-Film Adaptation

Adaptation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nandita Mahajan
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Film Adaptation ◽  
Environmental Crisis ◽  
Film Adaptations ◽  
Text And Image ◽  
Hunger Games ◽  
The Road ◽  
Physical Form ◽  
The Hunger Games ◽  
Gerard Genette

Abstract This essay theorizes the manifestation of the theme of climate change in the reception of novels and their film adaptations. To this end, I draw from and adapt Amitav Ghosh’s conception of textual hybridity: asserting that the era of climate change perhaps requires a movement beyond language to the image, which he believes is better capable of representing physical form, Ghosh prophesies that literature will evolve to incorporate hybrid forms that entwine text and image, such as the graphic novel. Drawing from Gérard Genette, as well as from various adaptation theorists’ descriptions of the doubled perception of an adaptation by audiences acquainted with its source text, I suggest a shift from Ghosh’s idea of hybrid creation to that of hybrid reception. I argue that the reception of a film adaptation of a novel as an adaptation, rather than as a standalone cinematic text, involves a palimpsest-like superimposition of literature and cinema—text and image—in the spectator’s mind, constituting a rich, hybrid experience that can potentially enhance the recipient’s perception of environmental issues in both texts involved. I demonstrate this theory via close readings of Suzanne Collins’s The Hunger Games trilogy and its film adaptations, and Cormac McCarthy’s The Road and its film adaptation, illustrating the various kinds of intertextual relationships that arise out of what I call palimpsestuous reading, and ultimately indicating the value of adaptation in an age of environmental crisis.

scholarly journals The Empire Tweets Back? #HumanitarianStarWars and Memetic Self-Critique in the Aid Industry

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 205630511988865
Author(s):  
Peter Chonka
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
Pop Culture ◽  
Digital Culture ◽  
Culture Studies ◽  
Still Images ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Star Wars ◽  
Shed Light

In 2015, a series of memes appeared on Twitter under the hashtag #HumanitarianStarWars. Combining still images from the original Star Wars movies with ironic references to humanitarian/development jargon and institutions, the memes presented a humorous reflection on the modern aid industry. While memetic content has become an increasingly scrutinized area in digital culture studies—particularly with regard to unbounded and anonymous online communities, and popular discursive contestation—this article examines #HumanitarianStarWars to shed light on the possibilities and problematics of social media auto-critique undertaken by “insiders” in a particular professional realm. Keeping in mind critiques of the racial and imperial connotations of the (Western) pop-culture mythology itself, the article explores the use of the Star Wars franchise as a vehicle for commentary on an industry at work in the “Global South.” It highlights an ambiguous process of meaning-making that can be traced through the memes’ generation, circulation, and re-mediation. Although the memes provide a satirical self-reflection on practitioners’ experiences and perspectives of power relations in the global development industry, certain tendencies emerge in their remixing of this Hollywood universe that may reinforce some of the dynamics that they ostensibly critique. The article argues that examination of the ideological ambivalence of an institutional micro-meme can yield valuable insights into tensions playing out in professional social media spaces where public/private boundaries are increasingly and irrevocably blurred.

Auf glattem Parkett

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigrid Nieberle
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Film Adaptation ◽  
Film Adaptations ◽  
Ballroom Dancing ◽  
Historical Life

Ballroom dancing may be understood as a well-known allegory for social and historical life in the nineteenth century. Even film adaptations of specific novels which contain no ballroom dancing at all show us spectacular and splendid sequences. Discussing the example of Heinrich Breloers film adaptation

scholarly journals Melodrama's afterlife : Jane Eyre, David Copperfield, and The Woman in White from the Victorian stage to the silent screen

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Karen Laird
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Silent Film ◽  
Reciprocal Relationship ◽  
Film Adaptation ◽  
Film Adaptations ◽  
Jane Eyre ◽  
Victorian Era ◽  
David Copperfield ◽  
Woman In White ◽  
Written Word

Unique in building a much-needed bridge between fiction, theatre, and film, "Melodrama's Afterlife" proves that writers working in all three genres throughout the long Victorian era engaged in a reciprocal relationship bound by their common use of melodrama. Covering dramatic adaptations of Jane Eyre, David Copperfield, and The Woman in White staged between 1848 and 1878 in London and New York, this dissertation argues that the first playwrights prioritized experimentation over fidelity to their source texts. These three case studies reveal the Victorians to be pioneers in the art of adaptation. Silent film directors depended more heavily upon these Victorian playscripts as sources for their film adaptations than the original novels. By unearthing the adaptation strategies of the Victorian theatre and early twentieth-century cinema, "Melodrama's Afterlife" ultimately challenges the theory predominant among adaptation scholars today, which holds that the experimentation evident in contemporary film adaptations represents a revolutionary break from a century-long concern with fidelity to the written word. This study proves that our new focus on originality and experimentation in film adaptation is not so much a breaking away from an older model of film adaptation. Instead, it is a return to Modernist adaptation approaches that were rooted in Victorian melodrama.

scholarly journals Historia, problematyka i związki studiów postkolonialnych z badaniami kultury popularnej

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 355-374
Author(s):  
Izabela Poręba
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
Cultural Studies ◽  
Postcolonial Studies ◽  
Pop Culture ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Culture Studies ◽  
Stuart Hall ◽  
History Of

The article depicts the connectivity of popular culture studies in the field of cultural studies with issues of postcolonial studies. The aim of the work is to answer the question about a possibility to transplant Western cultural studies research to postcolonial popular culture analysis and interpretation. The study begins with a brief reconstruction of the history of pop culture research in the scope of postcolonial methodology — the most important works, conferences, and thematic issues initiating an interest in a research field new to postcolonialism around the 1990s and at the beginning of the following millennium. In the next part of the article, the author points out two main definitions of popular culture (“the popular”) in the scope of indicated optics — by Stuart Hall and John Fiske; the author also considers terminological issues with “the popular” and its non-existent equivalent in Polish. An ambiguous movement written in popular culture was considered as its most important feature (as Hall and Fiske claimed) — at the same time, a dominant system is contained (incorporation) and meets with resistance of people who revolt by the means of the system itself (exportation). Nonetheless, the author shows why believing in the possibility of resistance can be an illusion. Next, the author comments on the stand of Kwame Anthony Appiah, who problematized the relation of postcolonialism and pop culture. The analysis of connections between these two phenomena is followed by a few examples of intertextuality in Alain Mabanckou’s novels.

scholarly journals THE PHENOMENON OF DISRUPTED COMMUNICATION IN THE NOVEL “EFFI BRIEST” BY THEODOR FONTANE AND IN THE FILM ADAPTATION BY RAINER WERNER FASSBINDER: SPEECH AND GESTURE

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 49-72
Author(s):  
Александра Владимировна Елисеева
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Literary Text ◽  
Film Adaptation ◽  
Film Adaptations ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Theodor Fontane ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Hierarchical Relationship ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Effi Briest

The subject of this article’s comparative intermedial analysis is the phenomenon of disrupted communication in the novel by the German writer Theodor Fontane “Effi Briest” (1895) and in the film adaptation of this work by Rainer Werner Fassbinder “Fontane Effi Briest” (1974). The article consists of five parts: 1) introduction; 2) analysis of dialogues in Fontane’s novel; 3) description of the means of creating the effect of disrupted communication in Fassbinder’s film; 4) comparative analysis of some fragments of two works by the method of close reading; 5) conclusions. Methodologically, the research is based on the achievements of the theory of communication, carpalistics, comparative and intermedial approaches to the study of film adaptations. The main point of the article is that the effect of disrupted communication, which is observed in numerous dialogues of Fontane’s novel, is also created by visual means in Fassbinder’s film, among which a significant place is occupied by a gesture. The gesture of turning away deserves special attention: the characters of the film turn away from each other, turn their backs to the interlocutor and the viewer, turn to their reflection. The unconventionality and intensity of such gestures accentuate the problematic nature of communication between the characters. This structure, peripheral in Fontane’s work, becomes central in the film of Fassbinder, grasping the viewers’ attention. In this regard, the article adds to a traditional discussion about the hierarchical relationship between a literary text and its film adaptation.

scholarly journals Pyotr Chardynin’s The Idiot as a Phenomenon of Creative Reinterpretation of Dostoevsky’s Novel

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 34-42
Author(s):  
Anastasia Ryabokon’
Keyword(s):  
Film Adaptation ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
National Cinema ◽  
Garden Of Eden ◽  
Human Personality ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Main Protagonist

The essay explores the artistic and expressive features of the world's first film adaptation of Dostoevsky's novel The Idiot, directed in 1910 by Pyotr Chardynin. The author substantiates the degree of influence of one of the most important philosophical concepts of the novel that of a split in the human personality on Russian national consciousness at the beginning of the 20th century. The analysis of the figurative system of the film shows that its semantics and the images of its characters were ahead of its time and, therefore, deserve closer critical attention.In the The Idiot the idea of Dostoevsky about a human beings separateness in the world is revealed in the four main characters Prince Myshkin, Parfyon Rogozhin, Nastasya Filippovna and Aglaya who are not complete, full-fledged personalities but separate components of a harmonious human personality. These characters, like puzzle pieces, possess mutually complementary qualities. Thus, Prince Myshkin, the bearer of the highest spirituality, is contrasted with the earthly and passionate Rogozhin. And the images of Nastasya Filippovna and Aglaya are connected, respectively, with the images of Heavenly Love and Earthly Love. If the characters of the novel could unite with each other in love and harmony, the world would get a complete harmonious person, like the one created by God for the Garden of Eden. However, such a merger seems impossible within the limits of earthly existence. In Dostoevsky's novel the individual parts of the soul could not unite into a harmonious whole. Egoism, passion, pride and imperfection of human nature do allow the protagonists to unite and lead them towards personal disintegration.In Russian national cinema, Dostoevskys idea of human beings separateness undergoes a number of transformations. The changes introduced by Pyotr Chardynin into the film adaptation of the novel mostly relate to the image of the films main protagonist Nastasya Filippovna, whom the filmmaker associates with a dying Russia. Chardynin also transforms other protagonists. Prince Myshkin is the only carrier of the highest spirituality, while Nastasya Filippovna, Aglaya and Rogozhin are earthly and passionate. At the end of the film, Nastasya Filippovnas murderer Rogozhin, dressed in a Russian folk costume, sobs at the bedside of the dead tsarina, while heavenly prince Myshkin who was not accepted by her in her lifetime, comforts the sinner. Chardynins film transforms the idea of a split in the human personality into the idea of the Russian separateness from God, the internal split within the Russian world and, as a consequence, that worlds inevitable death.

Lower Bound of Optimization in Radiological Protection System Taking Account of Practical Implementation of Clearance

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takatoshi Hattori
Keyword(s):  
Probabilistic Approach ◽  
Fundamental Concept ◽  
Dose Assessment ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Radiological Protection ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Dose Constraint ◽  
Clearance Level

The dose criterion used to derive clearance and exemption levels is of the order of 0.01 mSv/y based on the Basic Safety Standard (BSS) of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), the use of which has been agreed upon by many countries. It is important for human beings, who are facing the fact that global resources for risk reduction are limited, to carefully consider the practical implementation of radiological protection systems, particularly for low-radiation-dose regions. For example, in direct gamma ray monitoring, to achieve clearance level compliance, difficult issues on how the uncertainty (error) of gamma measurement should be handled and also how the uncertainty (scattering) of the estimation of non-gamma emitters should be treated in clearance must be resolved. To resolve these issues, a new probabilistic approach has been proposed to establish an appropriate safety factor for compliance with the clearance level in Japan. This approach is based on the fundamental concept that 0.1 mSv/y should be complied with the 97.5th percentile of the probability distribution for the uncertainties of both the measurement and estimation of non-gamma emitters. The International Commission on Radiological Protection, ICRP published a new concept of the representative person in Publication 101 Part I. The representative person is a hypothetical person exposed to a dose that is representative of those of highly exposed persons in a population. In a probabilistic dose assessment, the ICRP recommends that the representative person should be defined such that the probability of exposure occurrence is lower than about 5% that of a person randomly selected from the population receiving a high dose. From the new concept of the ICRP, it is reasonable to consider that the 95th percentile of the dose distribution for the representative person is theoretically always lower than the dose constraint. Using this established relationship, it can be concluded that the minimum dose constraint that requires optimization in radiological protection should be set to the dose criterion of 0.1 mSv/y, considering the fundamental concept used in the clearance criterion for resolving the issues on uncertainty in clearance.

Split Second Intersection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deep Bhattacharjee
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Science Fiction ◽  
Time Travel ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Time Machine ◽  
Time Dimension ◽  
The Past ◽  
Available Technology

An arbitrary advanced civilization might have the technology to travel back and forth in time and that too within a large timescale like say ‘a thousand years’ into the past or future. But to us, in present day scenario, this ‘time travel’ seems impossible. Although many mathematical thesis have been published with sound theories about the structure and definitions’ of ‘time travels’ but still from an engineering feat, it’s practically impossible. Therefore, the time travel is a far more mathematical abstract concept and a source of science fiction for today’s physicists. However, theorists are not restrained by any limits or bounds and they likes to explore the plausibility of travelling through times and its fundamental overlying principles. Firstly, its necessary to develop a theory that is suitable for humans to travel in time like ‘without falling inside a black hole’ or ‘without any need of exotic matter’ or ‘without creating any paradoxes’ but we will consider ‘micro black hole and high gravity potentials’. So, to develop a more practical theory, its necessary that one needs to consider the factors which is not too hypothetical to be achieved by human beings at the present notion of technologies available to us. So, if such a theory can be achieved with a high degree of accuracy then the travelling through time will be possible by manipulating the circuits and machinery and creating a time machine after all at the end. However, travelling to future, although is theoretically plausible, travelling to past is always restricted due to the nature of ‘the birth of various paradoxes’ that may happen in due times. So, to extent the notion of casual loops without getting too far away with the absurdity of the physics, this paper will view the time from a new perspective and then it will aim to develop a theory so that its best fit within the current feats of technological challenges that we are facing today. Starting from the ‘relativity’ which first gives the scientific definition of ‘time travel’, ‘time’ as a whole has always been considered as 4th dimensions along with space and the other 3 spatial dimensions being orthogonal to them. But, what if there already exists an embedded 2-time dimension in our space-time and there is already existent ‘causal loops’ in our universe but what needs to be done is the action of a ‘temporal agent’ who can make the hidden 2nd dimensions of time prominent ‘from hiding’ and we are free to explore the ‘temporal loops’ in our space-time. This temporal agent can be any human beings with a high source of available technology or can be in any form of machinery like the ‘time machines’ which will allow the ‘embedded 2nd dimensions’ prominent from the hiding so that humans could explore the feats of ‘time travelling’. This paper is typically presented to deal with these ideas of 2nd time dimensions and causal loops in space-times where any object (or rather humans) can travel back and forth in time riding on these 2-time dimensions. My objective will always remain to focus ‘time’ from the perspectives of ‘2 dimensions’ in the form of a ‘circle’ rather than a linear straight line of 1 dimension and thereby manipulating the idea of this extra dimensions in such a way that, travelling through time can be achieved in practicality without getting washed away by too much abstract mathematics as theoretical physicists often likes to do. Its not quite easy to present time in such a form but I will try my best to do so and also keeping in mind that my theory is consistent with the current available technological challenges faced by experimental physicists and engineers in designing a time machine. A consistent theory is always necessary for practical implementation and that’s what I always intend to do and this paper is just the reflections of my ideas to provide an easy through to ‘time travel’ by focusing the extra hidden dimensions of time in nature. The possible outcome of these phenomena has been discussed thoroughly using logics & mathematics which will insight into a far more in-depth concept by taking us in exploring the 2-Time Dimensions in this universe and the related outcome or consequences of this more than 1 Time Dimensions. Moreover, this paper aims to provide the repetition or Looping of Timelines in a 2D Minkowski lightcone with the help of (exponential wavefunctions) which results in the occurring of same event in a synchronic pattern along with a desired property which will prove that, ‘N” past timelines are connected with “N+1+1……” future timelines and it is the law of nature to select the appropriate future timelines related to the past timelines which have the least degrees of errors in the “exponential wavefunctions” introduced in this paper. We will give an insight about the metric by taking time as ‘imaginary’ and how it solves the ‘singularity problem’ from Schwarzschild and Lemaitre metrics respectively. Then the concept of spatial divergence has been used.

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