scholarly journals O tym, jak dzieciom opowiedzieć o wszystkim. Moc metafory w norweskiej książce obrazkowej „Blekkspruten” Gro Dahle i Sveina Nyhusa

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 217-230
Author(s):  
Hanna Dymel-Trzebiatowska
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Domestic Abuse ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Gender Disparity ◽  
Children's Book ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Visual Symbols

The article discusses how the taboo theme of incest is narrated both visually and verbally in the controversial Norwegian picturebook Blekkspruten (The Squid) from 2016, authored by the famous Norwegian artists Gro Dahle, a writer, and Svein Nyhus, an illustrator. The duo had previously tackled numerous contentious themes in their books, such as domestic abuse, gender disparity and mental illness, but this time the subject seems particularly problematic to present in a children’s book. Since both Dahle and Nyhus explicitly advocate a concept of allalderlitteratur (literature for all age groups), the implied readership of Blekkspruten includes young, inexperienced readers, too. The analysis focused on the mode in which the artists acquainted children with incest, and the answer was the intricate metaphorical message rendered both in the text and in the images. Their pregnant, yet subtle imagery and sophisticated interaction made it possible to narrate the difficult, challenging theme for children. Furthermore, the investigation responds to Dorte Karrebæk’s suggestion to devote more reflection to the illustrators’ work as a continuum. It juxtaposes Nyhus’ illustrations from Blekkspruten with his previous works, showing both his new artistic solutions (different lines, shapes and colours) and references to some visual symbols employed before (open or closed containers, a monkey toy, a key). They recur in an intervisual, self-referential play, often participating in construction of open endings and implying the impossibility of giving unequivocal answers.

scholarly journals The Perceptions of Special Education Teachers Working in Psychiatric Hospitals about Integrating a Children’s Book about Mental Disorders in the Curriculum

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Baratz Lea
Keyword(s):  
Special Education ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Special Education Teachers ◽  
Psychiatric Hospitals ◽  
Children's Books ◽  
Children's Book ◽  
The Subject

This study examined the issue of using a children's book as a mediating tool for working with children with a mental disorder who attend schools located within psychiatric hospitals. How they use to implement the book in the lesson, how parents collaborated with the teachers in the process of teaching this book. Teachers in the special education framework lack the necessary tools to cope with the emotional world of children who have a mental illness. A module on the subject of bibliotherapy and the use of children's books as a mediating tool should be added to the training program for special education teachers.

Prescriptive Power: Biologism, Biopsychiatry and Drug-centred Psychopharmacology

Somatechnics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 291-309
Author(s):  
Francis Russell
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Social Justice ◽  
Cultural Theory ◽  
Human Experience ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
False Consciousness ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Biological Ontology ◽  
Health Discourse

This paper looks to make a contribution to the critical project of psychiatrist Joanna Moncrieff, by elucidating her account of ‘drug-centred’ psychiatry, and its relation to critical and cultural theory. Moncrieff's ‘drug-centred’ approach to psychiatry challenges the dominant view of mental illness, and psychopharmacology, as necessitating a strictly biological ontology. Against the mainstream view that mental illnesses have biological causes, and that medications like ‘anti-depressants’ target specific biological abnormalities, Moncrieff looks to connect pharmacotherapy for mental illness to human experience, and to issues of social justice and emancipation. However, Moncrieff's project is complicated by her framing of psychopharmacological politics in classical Marxist notions of ideology and false consciousness. Accordingly, she articulates a political project that would open up psychiatry to the subjugated knowledge of mental health sufferers, whilst also characterising those sufferers as beholden to ideology, and as being effectively without knowledge. Accordingly, in order to contribute to Moncrieff's project, and to help introduce her work to a broader humanities readership, this paper elucidates her account of ‘drug-centred psychiatry’, whilst also connecting her critique of biopsychiatry to notions of biologism, biopolitics, and bio-citizenship. This is done in order to re-describe the subject of mental health discourse, so as to better reveal their capacities and agency. As a result, this paper contends that, once reframed, Moncrieff's work helps us to see value in attending to human experience when considering pharmacotherapy for mental illness.

scholarly journals Nutritional psychiatry: the present state of the evidence

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Marx ◽  
Genevieve Moseley ◽  
Michael Berk ◽  
Felice Jacka
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Reverse Causality ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural

Mental illness, including depression, anxiety and bipolar disorder, accounts for a significant proportion of global disability and poses a substantial social, economic and heath burden. Treatment is presently dominated by pharmacotherapy, such as antidepressants, and psychotherapy, such as cognitive behavioural therapy; however, such treatments avert less than half of the disease burden, suggesting that additional strategies are needed to prevent and treat mental disorders. There are now consistent mechanistic, observational and interventional data to suggest diet quality may be a modifiable risk factor for mental illness. This review provides an overview of the nutritional psychiatry field. It includes a discussion of the neurobiological mechanisms likely modulated by diet, the use of dietary and nutraceutical interventions in mental disorders, and recommendations for further research. Potential biological pathways related to mental disorders include inflammation, oxidative stress, the gut microbiome, epigenetic modifications and neuroplasticity. Consistent epidemiological evidence, particularly for depression, suggests an association between measures of diet quality and mental health, across multiple populations and age groups; these do not appear to be explained by other demographic, lifestyle factors or reverse causality. Our recently published intervention trial provides preliminary clinical evidence that dietary interventions in clinically diagnosed populations are feasible and can provide significant clinical benefit. Furthermore, nutraceuticals including n-3 fatty acids, folate, S-adenosylmethionine, N-acetyl cysteine and probiotics, among others, are promising avenues for future research. Continued research is now required to investigate the efficacy of intervention studies in large cohorts and within clinically relevant populations, particularly in patients with schizophrenia, bipolar and anxiety disorders.

Madness, virtue, and ecology: A classical Indian approach to psychiatric disturbance

2021 ◽  
pp. 095269512098224
Author(s):  
Chakravarthi Ram-Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Human Subject ◽  
Philosophical Anthropology ◽  
First Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Third Century ◽  
Psychiatric Disturbance ◽  
Indian Medical ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Moral Relationship

The Caraka Saṃhitā (ca. first century BCE–third century CE), the first classical Indian medical compendium, covers a wide variety of pharmacological and therapeutic treatment, while also sketching out a philosophical anthropology of the human subject who is the patient of the physicians for whom this text was composed. In this article, I outline some of the relevant aspects of this anthropology – in particular, its understanding of ‘mind’ and other elements that constitute the subject – before exploring two ways in which it approaches ‘psychiatric’ disorder: one as ‘mental illness’ ( mānasa-roga), the other as ‘madness’ ( unmāda). I focus on two aspects of this approach. One concerns the moral relationship between the virtuous and the well life, or the moral and the medical dimensions of a patient’s subjectivity. The other is about the phenomenological relationship between the patient and the ecology within which the patient’s disturbance occurs. The aetiology of and responses to such disturbances helps us think more carefully about the very contours of subjectivity, about who we are and how we should understand ourselves. I locate this interpretation within a larger programme on the interpretation of the whole human being, which I have elsewhere called ‘ecological phenomenology’.

Belief and quantity: three-year olds' adaptation to listener's knowledge

1986 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef Perner ◽  
Susan R. Leekam
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
The Other ◽  
Insufficient Information ◽  
The Subject

ABSTRACTTwo groups of 3-year-old children (3:0–3;6 and 3;6–4;0) observed two actions of a toy. In one condition an older partner was absent while the subject watched both of the toy actions (fully ignorant partner), whereas in the other condition the partner witnessed one of the two actions together with the subject (partially ignorant partner). When asked about the toy's actions by their partially ignorant partner both age groups adjusted their answers to their partner's ignorance and mentioned only that action which was new to their partner. However, in their answers to their fully ignorant partner the younger children tended to provide insufficient information by mentioning only one instead of both actions.

scholarly journals When does geography matter most? Age-specific geographical effects in the patterning of, and relationship between, mental wellbeing and mental illness.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gareth J Griffith ◽  
Kelvyn Jones
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Multilevel Modelling ◽  
Contextual Effects ◽  
Mental Wellbeing ◽  
Covariate Adjustment ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Geographical Context

Mental illness and mental wellbeing are related but distinct constructs. Despite this, geographical enquiry often references the two as interchangeable indicators of mental health and assumes the relationship between the two is consistent across different geographical scales. Furthermore, the importance of geography in such research is commonly assumed to be static for all age groups, despite the large body of evidence demonstrating contextual effects in age-specific populations. We leverage simultaneous measurement of a mental illness and mental wellbeing metric from Understanding Society, a UK population-based survey, and employ bivariate, cross-classified multilevel modelling to characterise the relationship between geographical context and mental health. Results provide strong evidence for contextual effects for both responses before and after covariate adjustment, with weaker evidence for area-classification and PSU-level contextual effects for the GHQ-12 after covariate adjustment. Results support a two-continua model of mental health at the individual level, but indicates that consensual benefit may be achieved across both dimensions by intervening at household and regional levels. There is also some evidence of a greater contextual effects for mental wellbeing than for mental illness. Results highlight the potential of the household as a target for intervention design for consensual benefit across both constructs. Results highlight the increased importance of geographical context for older respondents across both responses. This research supports an area-based approach to improving both mental illness and mental wellbeing in older populations.

scholarly journals STAGE PERSONA, STAND-UP COMEDY AND MENTAL HEALTH: ‘PUTTING YOURSELF OUT THERE’

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-82
Author(s):  
MATT HARGRAVE
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Stand Up Comedy ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship

This article addresses the subject of stand-up and mental health through the prism of comic persona, generating new, non-diagnostic discourses around mental illness. The article focuses on British and Australian comedians whose material addresses conditions such as bipolar disorder (John Scott), depression and anxiety (Seymour Mace; Lauren Pattison; Felicity Ward), or feigns the staging of mental collapse (Stewart Lee). Based on the analysis of live events and one-on-one interviews, the essay considers the role that persona plays in mediating the relationship between the comedian and their material, arguing that shaping persona is key to developing practices framed within a poetics of vulnerability.

scholarly journals Lunacy, insanity, and the purpose of psychiatry

1990 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 663-665
Author(s):  
Bruce G. Charlton
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
Mental Disease ◽  
Human Behaviour ◽  
Universal Theory ◽  
Psychological Medicine ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One

Within psychiatry there are two distinct tendencies. On the one hand there is the tendency for the subject to expand beyond its concern with psychological medicine and encroach upon diverse aspects of society. “The psychiatrist who believes that the phenomena of mental illness can be explained on the basis of a universal theory … finds little difficulty in inflating his theory to explain not only mental disease but also normal human behaviour, interpersonal relations, and ultimately human affairs” (Miller, 1970)

scholarly journals Perinatal Mortality and Morbidity at Dr. Pirngadi Hospital Medan 1985-1986

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 97-104
Author(s):  
Guslihan D. Tjipta ◽  
Dachrul Aldy ◽  
Noersida Raid ◽  
Baren Ratur Sembiring
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Perinatal Mortality ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Public Health Education ◽  
Hospital Quality ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Respiratory Problems ◽  
The Subject

A retrospective study was conducted on babies born during January 1985 to December 1986 at Dr. Pirngadi Hospital Medan. The aim of this study was to evaluate perinatal mortality and morbidity, and various possible factors related to the subject matter.The main results can be summarized as follows : There were 7102 deliveries during the study period consisting of 999 babies weighing less than 2500 gram and 6103 with body weight of 2500 gram or more. Perinatal mortality rate was 563.56 o/oo in the first group and 78.49 o/oo in the second while the avera/ mortality rate was 146.72 o/oo.Rate of perinatal demise was high in babies born from mothers in the age groups of below 20 and above 35 years, namely 681 .82 o/oo and 202.19 o/oo. It was also high among primiparae (165.67 o/oo) and more so among grandmultiparae (246.46 o/oo).There were 1966 (30.49%) ill newborn babies with asphyxia neonatorum accounting for 44.91%, infection 30.42% and respiratory problems 9.21% of the main causes of illness, while respiratory problems (40.05%) and injection (28.68%) constituted the main causes of death .We concluded that the rate of perinatal mortality and morbidity is still high at this hospital. Quality of prenatal and neonatal care with extensive public health education is necessary to be enhanced for the reduction of perinatal mortality and morbidity.

scholarly journals Knowledge of continent women on physiotherapy as a treatment of urinary incontinence

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 153-166
Author(s):  
ENILDA MARTA CARNEIRO DE LIMA MELLO ◽  
HANNA HELLEN FERNANDES MEDEIROS ◽  
NIKELLY YORANNE DE AQUINO DE MATOS
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Physical Therapy ◽  
Quantitative Study ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Physical Therapy Treatment ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Information Providers ◽  
Therapy Treatment

Objective: To identify the knowledge about physiotherapy as a treatment of urinary incontinence in continent women. Methods: The study was characterized by a cross-sectional and quantitative study. A ten items questionnaire, created by the researchers, was used with related questions about women's health. The sample consisted of 60 continents women, aged between 20-90 years, divided into age groups, accommodating ten participants in each age delimitation as follows: 20-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59, 60-69, 70-90. Results: The results showed that 65% of the women did not know about the physiotherapeutic treatment for UI, 28.33% had heard and 6.67% knew about it. The channels of knowledge selected by the volunteers who claimed to know or hear about physiotherapy in the UI were 18.18% media, 31.82% were people known, 45.45% were health professionals, and 4.55% were other unna/med forms. It was also found that women aged between 60 and 90 years have more knowledge on the subject (15%) than those aged 20 to 39 (5%) and 40 to 59 years (0%). Conclusion: It is concluded, therefore, that continents women need more information regarding physical therapy treatment for urinary incontinence. In addition, this awareness should occur in a multidisciplinary way to cover a greater number of women and information providers, in view of the search for treatment early avoid greater complications.

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