scholarly journals Polityka językowa Polski i Czechosłowacji wobec mniejszości ukraińskiej w okresie międzywojennym na przykładzie szkolnictwa Galicji i Zakarpacia

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 131-142
Author(s):  
Oksana Ruda
Keyword(s):  
Language Policy ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Minority Language ◽  
International Treaties ◽  
Linguistic Rights ◽  
National Minorities ◽  
The Right

Language policy of Poland and Czechoslovakia concerning the Ukrainian minority in the interwar period on the example of the schooling of Galicia and TranscarpathiaIn the article the international treaties and internal laws and orders of Poland and the Czechoslovakia, which regulate the linguistic rights of national minorities in field of education are studiedInternal legislation of the Czechoslovakia guaranteed free use of minority language both orally and in writing, and provided the right for national minorities to study in their native language in public primary, secondary and higher educationOn the contrary, in the constitutional acts of Poland only the right of minorities to study their mother tongue in public primary schools was guaranteed. Due the prevalence of Ukrainians in Galicia, the Polish authorities with respect to these territories performed different national and language policy aimed at deepening regional differences and assimilation of the Ukrainian population.

scholarly journals The adjudication of the language of education case in the Constitutional Court of Ukraine – a comparative analysis with ECtHR jurisprudence

2020 ◽  
pp. 94-104
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Makarchuk ◽  
Volodymyr Markovskyi ◽  
Roman Demkiv ◽  
Anatoliy Lytvynenko
Keyword(s):  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Right To Education ◽  
Linguistic Rights ◽  
National Minorities ◽  
Venice Commission ◽  
The Right ◽  
State Language

The changes in the Ukraine’s state language policy in the sphere of education were subjected to Hungarian, Romanian and PASEcriticism since 2017 (wherein the critics claimed that Ukraine, by adopting and implementing the appropriate legislation tapered thelinguistic rights of national minorities in the part of their right to education by using the mother tongue). Therefore, the Venice Commission,and then, the Ukraine’s Constitutional Court have delivered its conclusions and decisions if the new Law on Education of 2017violates the linguistic rights of the minorities, ensured by the Ukraine’s Constitution. Hence, the paper focuses on highlighting the positionof the parties of the constitutional proceedings concerning the constitutionality of Ukraine’s Law “On Education” of 2017.The authors have also analyzed the legal positions of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine, upon which the abovementioned lawwas recognized as constitutional. While adjudicating the case, the Constitutional Court adopted the position of the Ministry of Educationand Science of Ukraine, upon which the state has a right to implement various approaches to national minorities and the indigenouspeople concerning the legal regulation of the right to education conducted by the mother tongue; at the same time, the obligation of thenational minorities to learn and dispose the state language should not be treated as a kind of discrimination or a violation of their rightto education by using the mother tongue.

Right to Education in Mother Language

2021 ◽  
pp. 223-241
Author(s):  
Nima Norouzi ◽  
Hussein Movahedian
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
The Other ◽  
Right To Education ◽  
International Human Rights ◽  
Linguistic Rights ◽  
Government Institutions ◽  
International Human ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right

The right to use one's mother language is affected by examining the nature of this right in the international human rights system. Speaking of linguistic rights requires examining this right in the context of general human rights and the rights of minorities. On the one hand, the right to use one's mother tongue is rooted in the “right to be different,” which itself is inspired by human dignity, and, on the other hand, because the linguistic rights of the majority are better guaranteed than the linguistic rights of the minority. This chapter examines the right to use one's mother tongue in the minority system; therefore, language rights can be divided into two approaches based on tolerance, which prohibits any interference with the choice of language and its use by governments, as well as an extension-based approach that seeks to protect the right to use language in various fields such as education, court, public arena, and government institutions.

scholarly journals Radio and Television Programs for National Minorities of the Border Multicultural Region (on the example of Transcarpathia, 1930-1991)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 188-199
Author(s):  
Nataliia Tolochko
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Political Order ◽  
Border Region ◽  
The Political ◽  
Ethnic Communities ◽  
Television Programs ◽  
National Minorities ◽  
Right To Information ◽  
The Right

      The article deals with the acute problems of the origin and development of radio and television programs for national minorities within the border region of Ukraine – Transcarpathia  (in pre-Soviet and Soviet periods). The problem under consideration is relevant because of the fact that since the nineteenth century seven states and state entities have changed the territory of Transcarpathia. As representatives of different nationalities, most numerous being Hungarians, Romanians, Russians, Roma, Slovaks, Germans  have long lived at this territory, attention has been paid to changing the ethnic picture over the years. The emergence and development of media for national minorities in the pre-Soviet and Soviet periods depended on the political order, ideology of the states including Transcarpathia. Therefore, some ethnic communities did not have radio and television programs in their mother tongue during the USSR period and were granted the right to information only after Ukraine gained independence.

scholarly journals The Bulgarian National Minority in Ukraine in Bulgaria-Ukraine Relations: The Impact on Ukraine’s Image in Bulgaria

2019 ◽  
pp. 520-538
Author(s):  
Anna Tertychna
Keyword(s):  
Religious Identity ◽  
State Policy ◽  
National Minority ◽  
International Treaties ◽  
Positive Image ◽  
National Minorities ◽  
Open Policy ◽  
Legislative Framework ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

The article deals with the issues of observance of the rights of the Bulgarian national minority in Ukraine as an element of forming a positive image of Ukraine in Bulgaria. The issue of the rights and freedoms of ethnic Bulgarians in Bessarabia first arose in the bilateral relations between the Ukrainian people’s Republic and the Kingdom of Bulgaria after the establishment of diplomatic relations in accordance with the Ukraine-Bulgaria Supplementary Treaty of 12 February 1918. The informational explanation of the UNR’s open policy on national minorities immediately became an integral part of the activities of the first Ukrainian diplomatic mission in Sofia. Ethnic Bulgarians won the right to revive the study of their native language, history, and identity only after the restoration of Ukraine’s independence in 1991. In particular, the non-governmental sector has played a significant role in shaping Bulgaria’s state policy towards foreign Bulgarians. The article analyses the existing Ukraine-Bulgaria agreements that regulate relations between Ukraine and Bulgaria in the issue of the rights of Bulgarian and Ukrainian citizens of Ukrainian origin, as well as the legislative framework of Bulgaria in the field of state policy towards foreign Bulgarians. Despite the sensitivity of the Bulgarian society to the topic of foreign Bulgarians in Ukraine, which was and still is their largest and oldest historical Diaspora, the guarantee of the rights of ethnic, linguistic, cultural and religious identity of persons of Bulgarian nationality and Ukrainian nationality is enshrined in the Ukrainian-Bulgarian international treaties. The article highlights the impact of the issue of the Bulgarian national minority on the political dialogue between Ukraine and Bulgaria. Special attention is paid to the issues of ensuring the language rights of Ukrainian ethnic Bulgarians in the context of recent changes in Ukrainian legislation. Keywords: Ukraine, Bulgaria, Ukraine-Bulgaria relations, rights of the national Bulgarian minority, positive image of Ukraine.

scholarly journals ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ВІТАЛЬНОСТІ МАЛОПОШИРЕНИХ МОВ УКРАЇНИ: ДОСВІД І ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
Lilija Andrijenko
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Language Policy ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Language Evolution ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Linguistic Rights ◽  
National Minorities ◽  
The Times ◽  
Linguistic Behavior ◽  
Practical Recommendations

This study summarizes the achievements of Ukrainian sociolinguistics at the turn of the 21st century in the field of studying the languages of national minorities in Ukraine. The relevance of the study lies in the influence of the new worldview paradigm. Its goal is to preserve and protect humanity’s unique cultural heritage, which is under threat of reduction or destruction. The topicality of sociolinguistic studies of the languages of national minorities is also associated with the changing socio-political context in post-Soviet countries, especially in Ukraine. Consequently, there is a need for sociolinguistic monitoring of the linguistic situation, as well as for studying the conditions and mechanisms of linguistic behavior of minorities in bilingual and multilingual regions. It is also important to develop practical recommendations on the balance of linguistic rights and cultural needs of Ukrainian ethnolinguistic communities. The study is presented as part of the research project entitled “Practices of language protection of the European linguistic and cultural space and the prospects for language policy in Ukraine” (2019–2023). The method of diachronic description allows us to trace the evolution of research ideas and the changes in methodological premises regarding the problems of language evolution in Ukraine from the times of the USSR to the present day.

Informal bilingual teachers’ language practices and the consequences on pupils’ language choices in a situation of unequal bilingualism: The case of an Upper Sorbian education system

Multilingua ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-191
Author(s):  
Nicole Dołowy-Rybińska
Keyword(s):  
Language Policy ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Minority Language ◽  
German Language ◽  
Bilingual Teachers ◽  
Speech Community ◽  
Language Practices ◽  
Language Choices ◽  
Language Groups ◽  
The Right

AbstractThis paper investigates how bilingual Upper Sorbian-German teachers who belong to the Sorbian speech community (Lusatia, Germany) introduce the minority language during German language lessons in an Upper Sorbian school. In Lusatia, as well as in Sorbian schools, bilingualism is not of equal character; minority language speakers are all bilingual while the German language speakers are not encouraged to speak Sorbian. The language policy of Upper Lusatia gives Sorbs the right to use their language in public life in principle but due to the strained Sorbian-German relations, language ideologies, and hostile attitudes towards the use of minority language in the presence of Germans Sorbs do not benefit from it in practice. The school language policy divides Sorbian-speakers from pupils of German-speaking families and keeps the teaching of Sorbian separate for both groups. Only during the last two years of school are all language groups mixed. Based on participant observation of and in-depth interviews with bilingual teachers during lessons with students of the 11th grade in one Upper Sorbian school this article discusses how teachers negotiate top-down language policy in their classrooms and, introduce bilingualism; and how their language choices affect students’ language practices.

Concepts of National and Constitutional Identity in Croatian Constitutional Law

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 263-293
Author(s):  
Jurij Toplak ◽  
Djordje Gardasevic
Keyword(s):  
Minority Language ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Parliamentary Elections ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
National Minorities ◽  
Legal Context ◽  
Constitutional System ◽  
The Right ◽  
Constitutional Jurisprudence ◽  
Constitutional Identity

The Croatian Constitutional Court recently rendered two important decisions concerning two national minorities’ rights: the right to vote in parliamentary elections; and the right to use minority language. In both decisions, the Court relied on a newly developed concept of Croatian national identity. This article explores and critically explains the wider social, political and legal context that has produced the emergence of the idea of a constitutional identity in Croatian constitutional jurisprudence. In addition, it evaluates the potential effects this new constitutional concept may have for future developments in Croatia’s political and constitutional system. This article also compares Croatian and Slovenian solutions to certain questions as the Slovenian Constitutional Court has ruled on strikingly similar issues, but arrived at different conclusions.

scholarly journals Bilingual Education and the Problems of Ethnic and Linguistic Identity in the USSR and Modern Russia

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-203
Author(s):  
Mikhail A. Marusenko
Keyword(s):  
Bilingual Education ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Minority Languages ◽  
Linguistic Identity ◽  
Right To Education ◽  
Linguistic Rights ◽  
National Minorities ◽  
The Right ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The article discusses the relationship of bilingual education with the problems of ethnic and language identification in the USSR and modern Russia. The concept of protecting the rights of national minorities includes an extensive range of linguistic rights and the right to education in minority languages. This right is protected by many international agreements and documents of international organizations and is considered to be an unconditional conquest of fighters for human rights. However, this ignores cases of inconsistencies in ethnic and linguistic identity, which are increasingly frequent in the modern world, and the right of citizens to free ethnic and linguistic self-determination. Planning in the field of bilingual education and teacher training requires objective information on the real number of people willing to study in minority languages, which can be obtained as a result of language monitoring and censuses.

scholarly journals Linguistic Rights in the Education System in Light of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities (By the Example of Poland and Lithuania)

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-76
Author(s):  
Anna Doliwa-Klepacka
Keyword(s):  
Education System ◽  
National Minority ◽  
Council Of Europe ◽  
Linguistic Rights ◽  
National Minorities ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Trained Teachers ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right

Abstract One of the fields of protecting human rights within the framework of standards of the Council of Europe is the protection of national minorities – with the special issue of their linguistic rights. An intensification of actions aimed at adopting legal measures in this field happened in the 1960s. The concern for a proper range and level of regulation was expressed at the level of the Parliamentary Assembly and the Committee of Ministers. National experts formulated detailed resolutions to include the goals of international organizations such as CSCE and the United Nations concerning this matter. The fact that the framework convention was chosen as the means bears witness to a significant provision that the guarantee of rights were realized in the most flexible manner, including the designations and capacities of State parties. This article includes an analysis of three stages of work connected with ensuring linguistic rights for national minorities, with a special emphasis on the linguistic rights in the education system. On the one hand, actions which resulted in the acceptance of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities are shown. On the other hand, the goals and details of this Convention are described. The third section concerns the analysis of mechanisms for monitoring the realization of the rights included in the Convention. Due to limitations in the terms of reference for this work, the analysis of the convention guarantees, and their realization, was limited to linguistic rights in the education system. The practice of these actions was shown through examples in Poland and Lithuania. The right to education for national minorities (in a general sense) including knowledge about their culture, traditions, and their input into the development of the society of a given country is one of the rights clearly stated in the Framework Convention. By the same token are linguistic rights in an education system – the right to teach the language of a national minority or to teach in the language of a minority. As practice in Poland and Lithuania shows, the situation of education of national minorities is different, although some of the problems are common: an example for that would be access to proper coursebooks in the languages of national minorities, or properly trained teachers.

scholarly journals THE QUESTION ON MOTHER TONGUE IN MULTIETHNIC REGIONS OF RUSSIA: CONFLICT POTENTIAL AND VARIABILITY OF LANGUAGE POLICY

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 50-61
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Borisova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Language Policy ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Minority Language ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Language Politics ◽  
Random Events ◽  
Potential Factor ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Perm Region

Ethnolinguistic complexity may manifest itself in the presence of groups of significantly different sizes or in the presence of two or more roughly similar groups in terms of size. Coupled with their uneven spatial distribution within the boundaries of the region, it is a potential factor influencing not only the practices and structure of inter-elite relations but also the politicization of ethnicity. The presented research is based on R. Brubaker's approach to understanding ethnicity as a discursive result of situational actions, design and implementation of various political projects, not necessarily related to the sphere of ethnolinguistic regulation, and even random events. The author, also, uses N. Mukharyamov's idea of the interconnectedness of "language politics" and "language policy". The article presents you with an explanation of the connection between the structural factors of the scale of recognition of the minority language and the subject composition of the language policy, as well as the strategies of language conflicts at the regional level in Tatarstan, Bashkortostan, Udmurtia and the Perm region.

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